Multiphase flow modeling of natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petroleum contaminated sit

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.14

Abstract

Abstract:

The monitored natural attenuation (MNA) technology has become a generally recognized technology for remediation of VOCs. However, this technology, owing to the long remediation period and expensive monitoring costs, has certain limitations in real world applications. In this study, we use multiphase flow numerical simulation to identify the natural attenuation process and assess the attenuation capacity for typical VOCs (benzene, toluene, naphthalene) in a petroleum contaminated site. The results show that the multiphase flow numerical model established by TMVOC can predict the attenuation laws of VOCs in groundwater. In the study area, the pollution plumes of benzene, toluene and naphthalene in groundwater have different distribution patterns due to the differences in their physicochemical properties, and the natural attenuation process is affected to various degrees by volatilization, adsorption and microbial degradation. The effects of volatilization and biodegradation on VOC remediation are benzene > toluene > naphthalene, while the effect of adsorption is naphthalene > toluene> benzene. Assuming the pollution source is blocked, benzene, toluene and naphthalene are predicted to achieve ideal remediation through MNA at 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 years, respectively, after oil leak. The above simulation results can provide theoretical support for the implementation and evaluation of MNA technology in remediation of VOC contaminated sites under similar hydrogeological conditions.

Key words: VOCs, natural attenuation, multiphase flow numerical simulation, groundwater

CLC Number:

X523

SHEN Xiaofang, WAN Yuyu, WANG Ligang, SU Xiaosi, DONG Weihong. Multiphase flow modeling of natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petroleum contaminated sit[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 90-103.

Figures/Tables 14

References 43

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参数	干密度^*/(kg·m^-3)	孔隙度^*	绝对渗透率(水平)/m²	绝对渗透率(垂直)/m²
黏土	2 600	0.31	4.0×10^-14	1.0×10^-14
细砂	2 650	0.31	8.0×10^-11	8.0×10^-10
中粗砂	2 660	0.30	4.0×10^-10	1.0×10^-10
含砾中粗砂	2 670	0.30	4.0×10^-10	1.1×10^-10
砂砾石	2 660	0.32	8.0×10^-10	5.0×10^-10

参数	干密度^*/(kg·m^-3)	孔隙度^*	绝对渗透率(水平)/m²	绝对渗透率(垂直)/m²
黏土	2 600	0.31	4.0×10^-14	1.0×10^-14
细砂	2 650	0.31	8.0×10^-11	8.0×10^-10
中粗砂	2 660	0.30	4.0×10^-10	1.0×10^-10
含砾中粗砂	2 670	0.30	4.0×10^-10	1.1×10^-10
砂砾石	2 660	0.32	8.0×10^-10	5.0×10^-10

有机物名称	分子式	标准沸点/K	摩尔质量/ (g·mol^-1)	临界温度/K	临界压强/bar	临界体积/ (cm³·mol^-1)	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	溶解度常数 (摩尔分数)	分配系数 K_oc/ (m³·kg^-1)	分配系数 K_d/ (mL·g^-1)	生物降解衰变常数 /s^-1	介质中的有机碳分数
苯	C₆H₆	353.2	78.114	562.2	48.2	259	0.878 6	4.11×10^-4	0.089 1	0.06	4.0×10^-8
萘	C₁₀H₈	217.9	128.17	748.4	40.5	431	1.162 0	4.86×10^-6	1.29	2.04	2.4×10^-8	0.159%
甲苯	C₇H₈	383.8	92.14	591.8	41.0	316	0.866 0	1.01×10^-4	0.273	1.007	2.0×10^-8

有机物名称	分子式	标准沸点/K	摩尔质量/ (g·mol^-1)	临界温度/K	临界压强/bar	临界体积/ (cm³·mol^-1)	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	溶解度常数 (摩尔分数)	分配系数 K_oc/ (m³·kg^-1)	分配系数 K_d/ (mL·g^-1)	生物降解衰变常数 /s^-1	介质中的有机碳分数
苯	C₆H₆	353.2	78.114	562.2	48.2	259	0.878 6	4.11×10^-4	0.089 1	0.06	4.0×10^-8
萘	C₁₀H₈	217.9	128.17	748.4	40.5	431	1.162 0	4.86×10^-6	1.29	2.04	2.4×10^-8	0.159%
甲苯	C₇H₈	383.8	92.14	591.8	41.0	316	0.866 0	1.01×10^-4	0.273	1.007	2.0×10^-8

情景	条件设置	模拟目的
情景一	石油以定速率3.21×10^-5 kg/s泄漏6个月后切断污染源	了解VOCs在地下环境中的迁移距离以及分布特征,为分析情景二、三、四中各自然衰减过程对VOCs的迁移转化过程的影响提供参考
情景二	以情景一的输出结果作为初始条件,模拟在考虑挥发、溶解作用条件下,VOCs在多相间的迁移	分析挥发、溶解作用对VOCs自然衰减过程的影响
情景三	以情景一的输出结果作为初始条件,模拟在考虑吸附作用的条件下,VOCs在多相间的迁移	分析吸附作用对VOCs自然衰减过程的影响
情景四	以情景一的输出结果作为初始条件,模拟在考虑生物降解作用的条件下,VOCs在多相间的迁移转化	分析生物降解作用对VOCs自然衰减过程的影响
情景五	在综合考虑挥发、吸附和生物降解作用的情况下,模拟场地内VOCs的自然衰减过程	模拟场地内苯、甲苯和萘达到理想修复效果所需的时间