Interaction between surface water and groundwater during the dry season in Lake Dongting based on 222Rn tracing

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf

Abstract

Abstract:

Lake Tongting area has a dynamic water environment with developed surface water networks, complex hydrogeological conditions and intensive human activities, which makes it difficult to gain in-depth understanding of groundwater storage and movement in the lake area. This study applies dynamic analysis of water levels and radon (²²²Rn) tracer method to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses of surface water-groundwater interaction and exchange fluxes in Lake Tongting area in the dry season. The spatial distribution patterns of water levels and ²²²Rn concentrations in the lake area in the dry season (between 2018-2020) indicated that groundwater (GD) discharge to the lake occurred in the dry season, especially in eastern Lake Dongting. According to calculation using radon box model, the GD-borne ²²²Rn flux in the dry season was 455.09 Bq/(m²·d), or 60.07% of total ²²²Rn flux to the lake; the total groundwater discharge was 0.29×10⁸ m³/d, and the average discharge rate was 56.27 mm/d. Groundwater discharge contributed to 7.04% of surface water in the dry season. Sensitivity analysis showed that sensitive variables in the model were wind speed, ²²²Rn concentration in groundwater/lake water and surface area. Improvements of sampling scheme and measurement accuracy of sensitive variables can improve reliability of calculation results. With clear physical significance and simple application protocol, radon (²²²Rn) tracer has certain application advantageous that it can be effectively used to quantify groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge in complex water environments. The research results provide better understanding of water balance in Lake Dongting and can serve as reference for water resource evaluation and management in the lake area.

Key words: surface water-groundwater interaction, water level dynamics, ²²²Rn isotope, dry season, Lake Dongting

CLC Number:

CHEN Hongwei, YANG Yao, HUANG He, ZHOU Hui, PENG Xiangxun, YU Shasha, YU Weihou, LI Zhengzui, WANG Zhaoguo. Interaction between surface water and groundwater during the dry season in Lake Dongting based on ²²²Rn tracing[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 423-434.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Topography and river system of the Dongting Lake Area (Including sampling sites)

Fig.2 Diagram of radon box model

Table 1 Relative sensitivity classification

相对敏感度范围	敏感度等级	敏感性特征
$S$ <0.05	Ⅰ	不敏感
0.05≤ $S$ <0.20	Ⅱ	弱敏感
0.20≤ $S$ <0.50	Ⅲ	一般敏感
0.50≤ $S$ <1.00	Ⅳ	比较敏感
$S$ ≥1.00	Ⅴ	非常敏感

Table 1 Relative sensitivity classification

相对敏感度范围	敏感度等级	敏感性特征
$S$ <0.05	Ⅰ	不敏感
0.05≤ $S$ <0.20	Ⅱ	弱敏感
0.20≤ $S$ <0.50	Ⅲ	一般敏感
0.50≤ $S$ <1.00	Ⅳ	比较敏感
$S$ ≥1.00	Ⅴ	非常敏感

Fig.3 Distribution of groundwater level in Dongting Lake Area (January 2020)

Fig.4 Dynamic changes of lake water levels and groundwater levels in the typical areas of Dongting Lake Area

Fig.5 Concentration distribution of 222Rn in Dongting Lake during the dry season

Table 2 Calculation results of radon box model parameters

Table 3 Sensitivity analysis and calculation results of radon box model parameters

参数	相对敏感度	敏感分级	敏感性特征
湖水²²²Rn浓度C_w	1.37	Ⅴ	非常敏感
空气²²²Rn浓度C_a	0.02	Ⅰ	不敏感
地下水²²²Rn浓度C_g	1.11	Ⅴ	非常敏感
湖水温度T	0.01	Ⅰ	不敏感
空气温度T_a	0.26	Ⅲ	一般敏感
平衡试验后上覆水²²²Rn浓度C₀	0.13	Ⅱ	弱敏感
孔隙度n	0.05	Ⅱ	弱敏感
湘江²²²Rn浓度	0.21	Ⅲ	一般敏感
资水²²²Rn浓度	0.09	Ⅱ	弱敏感
沅江²²²Rn浓度	0.08	Ⅱ	弱敏感
澧水²²²Rn浓度	0.03	Ⅰ	不敏感
松滋河²²²Rn浓度	0.01	Ⅰ	不敏感
城陵矶²²²Rn浓度	0.35	Ⅲ	一般敏感
湘江流量	0.21	Ⅲ	一般敏感
资江流量	0.08	Ⅱ	弱敏感
沅江流量	0.08	Ⅱ	弱敏感
澧水流量	0.02	Ⅰ	不敏感
松滋河流量	0.01	Ⅰ	不敏感
城陵矶流量	0.35	Ⅲ	一般敏感
湖泊面积	1.16	Ⅴ	非常敏感
风速	1.49	Ⅴ	非常敏感
湖水深度	0.32	Ⅲ	一般敏感

Fig.6 Analysis of relative error of parameters in radon box model

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Interaction between surface water and groundwater during the dry season in Lake Dongting based on ²²²Rn tracing

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