Middle Eocene thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault and its regional tectonic implication: Insight from K-Ar dating of authigenic illite-bearing fault gouge

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.40

Abstract

Abstract:

Deformation characteristics and timing of the fold-and-thrust belt are the key in verifying the geodynamic end-member models of continental lithosphere of the Tibetan Plateau and its periphery. K-Ar dating of authigenic illite from fault gouge provides an effective means in determining the timing of deformation events in the fold-and-thrust belt. The Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault is a large-scale sinistral strike-slip fault system accompanying the collision of the Indo-Eurasian Plates and the lateral extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. The deformation process of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault system can provide significant insight into how the far-field stress of the Indo-Eurasian collision is transferred eastward. In this study, we focus on the Mianning-Xichang segment of the Anninghe fault. Based on the structural analyses characterizing fault kinematics, we dated authigenic illite from fault gouge to constrain the timing of deformation events along the Anninghe fault. Structural analyses reveal that the Anninghe fault experienced thrusting deformation under the EW-oriented compression. Detailed study of illite clay mineralogy and K-Ar dating of different grain-size fractions of the fault gouge suggest that the components of high-temperature 2M₁ illite relative to those of low-temperature 1M/1M_d illite polytype gradually decrease with the decreasing K-Ar ages. These results show that different illite K-Ar ages for different grain sizes are due to the mixing of two illite polytypes, represented by detrital 2M₁ and authigenic 1M/1M_d end members. Illite Age Analysis reveals that the K-Ar age for authigenic 1M/1M_d illite is (42.6±9.4) Ma, suggesting that the thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault occurred in the middle Eocene. Integrated with previously published tectonic, sedimentology, low-temperature thermochronology and paleomagnetism studies, it is suggested that the fold-and-thrust belt in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau and its periphery underwent quasi-contemporaneous tectonic compression deformation during the middle Eocene. The dynamic mechanism of this event may be related to the reactivation of the pre-existing tectonic belt caused by the combination of the hard collision of the Indo-Eurasian Plates and intra-continental subduction of the terranes within the Tibetan Plateau. The mid-Eocene thrusting event along the Anninghe fault suggests that the far-field stress from the early stage of the Indo-Eurasian collision has been transferred to the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Anninghe fault, fault gouge, authigenic illite, K-Ar dating, middle Eocene

CLC Number:

P542
P597

TONG Kui, LI Zhiwu, LIU Shugen, I.Tonguç UYSAL, SHI Zejin, LI Jinxi, Andrew TODD, WU Wenhui, WANG Zijian, LIU Shengwu, LI Ke, HUA Tian. Middle Eocene thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault and its regional tectonic implication: Insight from K-Ar dating of authigenic illite-bearing fault gouge[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 297-313.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 (a) Regional tectonic sketch of the Tibetan Plateau (modified after reference [37]). (b) Regional topography and tectonic map of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, showing the distribution of the regional faults (adapted from reference [1]).

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the study area. Modified after 1∶200000 scaled geological map, see Figure 1 for location.

Fig.3 Structural deformation characteristics of the Anninghe fault. See Figure 2 for locations.

Fig.4 SEM and TEM images exhibit clay mineralogy of 1->0.5 μm and <0.1 μm grain-size fractions of the fault gouge MJ12-f

Fig.5 XRD patterns for air-dried, glycoled oriented preparations of different grain-size fractions for the fault gouge MJ12-f of the Anninghe fault

Fig.6 XRD patterns (black curves) and best matches (red curves) for random powder preparations of different grain-size fractions for the fault gouge MJ12-f of the Anninghe fault

Table 1 Clay mineralogy of different grain-size fractions of the fault gouge MJ12-f of the Anninghe fault

样品	粒级/μm	黏土矿物含量/%			KI(Δ2θ)/(°)	极低级变质带	伊利石多型含量/%
样品	粒级/μm	I	Chl	Kao	KI(Δ2θ)/(°)	极低级变质带	2M₁	1M/1M_d
MJ12-f	1~>0.5	100	0	0	0.29	E	65	35
	0.5~>0.2	100	0	0	0.41	A	45	55
	0.2~0.1	100	0	0	0.70	D	30	70
	<0.1	100	0	0	0.97	D	15	85

Table 2 K-Ar dating results for different grain-size fractions of the fault gouge MJ12-f from the Anninghe fault

样品	粒级/ μm	K含量/%	Rad.⁴⁰Ar含量/ (mol·g^-1)	Rad.⁴⁰Ar 含量/%	K-Ar年龄 (±2σ)/Ma
MJ12-f	1~>0.5	8.26	2.574×10^-9	98.8	171.3±3.9
	0.5~>0.2	7.72	2.951×10^-9	99.1	208.0±4.8
	0.2~0.1	6.97	2.001×10^-9	97.8	158.3±3.6
	<0.1	5.87	1.033×10^-9	92.1	98.7±2.3

Fig.7 K-Ar age versus grain size spectra (a) and authigenic illite age analysis for the fault gouge MJ12-f of the Anninghe fault (b)

Fig.8 Middle-Eocene contractional deformation of the main thrust faults across the Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [95].

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