Content and speciation distributions of Fe and As in disposed quartz sand from groundwater treatment by sequential aeration and sand filtration

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.17

Abstract

Abstract:

Drinking water security is threatened by elevated iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater. Sequential aeration and sand filtration has been widely used for the high-performance, low-cost groundwater treatment in rural areas. During filtration, Fe, As-enriched quartz sand needs periodic replacement. The disposed sand frequently piles up on land, risking As release. In this research, the content and speciation distributions of Fe and As in disposed quartz sand collected from a drinking water treatment plant in the Jianghan plain, were investigated by LA-ICP-MS, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and sequential chemical extraction. The results show that the sand surface was coated with a 20-100 μm thick Fe, As-rich layer, with Fe and As significantly concentrated in the central layer than on the outer layers; the As and Fe spatial distributions in the coating were highly correlated (R²> 0.985). The Fe phases were mainly amorphous and weakly crystalline, and the presence of hematite and scorodite was detected. The total contents of Fe and As in the quartz were 20.1 mg/g and 53.4 μg/g, respectively. The highly dissolvable Fe (oxy)hydroxides and carbonate-bound, reducible Fe species predominated in the coatings, whereas As was mainly adsorbed on the surface of Fe phases. Due to the abundant rainfall in the study area, As release from the disposed quartz sand could occur as a consequence of rain washing or anaerobic Fe bio-reduction.

Key words: disposed quartz sand, high-arsenic groundwater, arsenic release, sand filtration, drinking water treatment

CLC Number:

X523
P641.8

ZHANG Yaoqiang, HU Bingbing, XIE Shiwei, YUAN Songhu. Content and speciation distributions of Fe and As in disposed quartz sand from groundwater treatment by sequential aeration and sand filtration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 208-214.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

[1]	FENDORF S, MICHAEL H A, VAN GEEN A. Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater arsenic in South and Southeast Asia[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5982):1123-1127. DOI URL
[2]	SMEDLEY P L, KINNIBURGH D G. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2002, 17(5):517-568. DOI URL
[3]	ANAWAR H M, AKAI J, MOSTOFA K M G, et al. Arsenic poisoning in groundwater: health risk and geochemical sources in Bangladesh[J]. Environment International, 2002, 27(7):597-604. DOI URL
[4]	段艳华, 甘义群, 郭欣欣, 等. 江汉平原高砷地下水监测场水化学特征及砷富集影响因素分析[J]. 地质科技情报, 2014, 33(2):140-147.
[5]	王焰新, 苏春利, 谢先军, 等. 大同盆地地下水砷异常及其成因研究[J]. 中国地质, 2010, 37(3):771-780.
[6]	HUG S J, LEUPIN O X, BERG M. Bangladesh and Vietnam: different groundwater compositions require different approaches to arsenic mitigation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(17):6318-6323. DOI URL
[7]	BERG M, LUZI S, TRANG P T K, et al. Arsenic removal from groundwater by household sand filters: comparative field study, model calculations, and health benefits[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(17):5567-5573. DOI URL
[8]	VOEGELIN A, KAEGI R, BERG M, et al. Solid-phase characterisation of an effective household sand filter for As, Fe and Mn removal from groundwater in Vietnam[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 11(5):566. DOI URL
[9]	JESSEN S, LARSEN F, KOCH C B, et al. Sorption and desorption of arsenic to ferrihydrite in a sand filter[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(20):8045-8051. DOI URL
[10]	WATANABE C, KAWATA A, SUDO N, et al. Water intake in an Asian population living in arsenic-contaminated area[J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2004, 198(3):272-282. DOI URL
[11]	CLANCY T M, HAYES K F, RASKIN L. Arsenic waste management: a critical review of testing and disposal of arsenic-bearing solid wastes generated during arsenic removal from drinking water[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(19):10799-10812. DOI URL
[12]	SULLIVAN C, TYRER M, CHEESEMAN C R, et al. Disposal of water treatment wastes containing arsenic: a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408(8):1770-1778. DOI URL
[13]	VOEGELIN A, SENN A C, KAEGI R, et al. Reductive dissolution of As(V)-bearing Fe(III)-precipitates formed by Fe(II) oxidation in aqueous solutions[J]. Geochemical Transactions, 2019, 20(1):1-13. DOI URL
[14]	SENN A C, HUG S J, KAEGI R, et al. Arsenate co-precipitation with Fe(II) oxidation products and retention or release during precipitate aging[J]. Water Research, 2018, 131:334-345. DOI URL
[15]	WEBER F A, HOFACKER A F, VOEGELIN A, et al. Temperature dependence and coupling of iron and arsenic reduction and release during flooding of a contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(1):116-122. DOI URL
[16]	田飞翔, 郑天亮, 李琦, 等. 江汉平原第四系沉积物中砷的垂向分布规律及其对地下水中砷浓度的影响[J]. 地质科技情报, 2018, 37(3):226-234.
[17]	PEARCE N J G, PERKINS W T, WESTGATE J A, et al. A compilation of new and published major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 glass reference materials[J]. Geostandards Newsletter, 1997, 21(1):115-144. DOI URL
[18]	HERON G, CROUZET C, pBOURG A C M, et al. Seciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in contaminated aquifer sediments using chemical extraction techniques[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1994, 28(9):1698-1705. DOI URL
[19]	POULTON S W, CANFIELD D E. Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates[J]. Chemical Geology, 2005, 214(3/4):209-221. DOI URL
[20]	JAVED M B, KACHANOSKI G, SIDDIQUE T. A modified sequential extraction method for arsenic fractionation in sediments[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013, 787:102-110. DOI URL
[21]	NEUMANN A, KAEGI R, VOEGELIN A, et al. Arsenic removal with composite iron matrix filters in Bangladesh: a field and laboratory study[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(9):4544-4554. DOI URL
[22]	DAS S, HENDRY M J. Application of Raman spectroscopy to identify iron minerals commonly found in mine wastes[J]. Chemical Geology, 2011, 290(3/4):101-108. DOI URL
[23]	PAIGE C R, SNODGRASS W J, NICHOLSON R V, et al. An arsenate effect on ferrihydrite dissolution kinetics under acidic oxic conditions[J]. Water Research, 1997, 31(9):2370-2382. DOI URL
[24]	DAS S, ESSILFIE-DUGHAN J, HENDRY M J. Arsenate partitioning from ferrihydrite to hematite: spectroscopic evidence[J]. American Mineralogist, 2014, 99(4):749-754. DOI URL
[25]	FORD R G. Rates of hydrous ferric oxide crystallization and the influence on coprecipitated arsenate[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(11):2459-2463. DOI URL

步骤	提取条件	目标形态	测试结果		参考文献
步骤	提取条件	目标形态	Fe含量/(mg·g^-1)	As含量/(μg·g^-1)	参考文献
(1)氯化钙	1 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂, pH=7,24 h	离子交换态Fe和As	<0.0	0.5±0.0	Heron等^[18]
(2)醋酸钠	1 mol·L^-1 醋酸钠, pH=4.5,24 h	碳酸盐结合态Fe及易溶解态的铁(氢)氧化物,表面吸附态As及该形态对应的As	11.7±0.2	22.6±0.3	Poulton等^[19], Javed等^[20], Neumann等^[21]
(3)盐酸羟胺	1 mol·L^-1 HONH₂HCl, 48 h	易还原态Fe,包括水铁矿、纤铁矿等,与该铁形态共存的As	8.4±2.0	32.2±0.4	Poulton等^[19]

步骤	提取条件	目标形态	测试结果		参考文献
步骤	提取条件	目标形态	Fe含量/(mg·g^-1)	As含量/(μg·g^-1)	参考文献
(1)氯化钙	1 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂, pH=7,24 h	离子交换态Fe和As	<0.0	0.5±0.0	Heron等^[18]
(2)醋酸钠	1 mol·L^-1 醋酸钠, pH=4.5,24 h	碳酸盐结合态Fe及易溶解态的铁(氢)氧化物,表面吸附态As及该形态对应的As	11.7±0.2	22.6±0.3	Poulton等^[19], Javed等^[20], Neumann等^[21]
(3)盐酸羟胺	1 mol·L^-1 HONH₂HCl, 48 h	易还原态Fe,包括水铁矿、纤铁矿等,与该铁形态共存的As	8.4±2.0	32.2±0.4	Poulton等^[19]