Degradation of naphthalene by microorganisms in groundwater: Characteristics and kinetics

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.18

Abstract

Abstract:

The effective naphthalene degrading bacteria Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were discovered through a screening of petroleum contaminated groundwater in Northeast China. These bacteria had high tolerance to naphthalene and good emulsification effect, and can automatically regulate cell surface hydrophobicity and self-aggregation. The effects of pH, naphthalene initial concentration, temperature and inoculation condition on naphthalene degradation were studied experimentally. We found that the optimal pH range for bacterial growth was 7.0-8.0; the degradation efficiency was positively correlated with the naphthalene initial concentration of 1.00-5.00 mg/L; and the bacteria performed most efficiently between 10-30 ℃. On this basis, the Guass, GuassAmp, LogNomal, Poisson and Pulse models were used to fit the degradation kinetics measurements. In the final analysis, the GuassAmp model gave the best fit and the kinetic equation of naphthalene degradation under the influence of multiple factors was derived.

Key words: groundwater, naphthalene, biodegradation, mixed bacterial community, kinetics

CLC Number:

X523
P593

ZHANG Shengyu, ZHANG Menghuan, WANG Ligang, WAN Yuyu. Degradation of naphthalene by microorganisms in groundwater: Characteristics and kinetics[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 146-158.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1 Bacterial culture parameters for naphthalene degradation experiment

pH值	萘初始浓度C/(mg·L^-1)	温度T/℃	菌接种量I/%
4.09.0	5.00	10	5
8.0	1.005.00	10	5
8.0	5.00	1030	5
8.0	5.00	10	15

Fig.1 Abundance of bacterial genera at the beginning (a) and after 30 days (b) of biodegradation

Table 2 Statistical table for alpha diversity indices (before and after microbial degradation)

时段	物种数目 OTUnum	多样性指数 Shannon	多样性指数 Simpson	丰度指数 Chao1	覆盖率 Coverage/%	丰度指数 ACE
降解前	1 787	0.67	0.84	194 617.75	0.97	679 207.00
降解后	1 509	0.79	0.76	924 67.58	0.96	383 534.55

Fig.2 Bacterial growth curves in groundwater medium and MSM

Fig.3 Bacteria growth and degradation efficiency in culture media with different naphthalene concentrations

Fig.4 Variation of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity with naphthalene concentration

Fig.5 Effect of naphthalene concentration on bacterial auto-aggregation

Fig.6 Emulsification of diesel oil by liquid bacteria

Fig.7 Changes of naphthalene concentration and biomass over time

Fig.8 Effect of pH on the naphthalene degradation kinetics (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation at different pH (b)

Fig.9 Naphthalene degradation curves (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation (b) under different initial concentrations

Fig.10 Effect of temperature on naphthalene degradation (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation under different temperatures (b)

Fig.11 Effect of inoculum concentration on naphthalene degradation (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation under different inoculum concentrations (b)

Table 3 Curve equations

方程名称	方程形式
Guass	y=y₀+ $A w π 2 e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
GuassAmp	y=y₀+A $e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
LogNomal	y=y₀+ $A 2 π wx e - ln x x c 2 2 w 2$
Poisson	y=y₀+ $e - r r x x!$
Pulse	y=y₀+A(1- $e x - x 0 t 1$ )^p $e - x - x 0 t 2$

Table 3 Curve equations

方程名称	方程形式
Guass	y=y₀+ $A w π 2 e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
GuassAmp	y=y₀+A $e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
LogNomal	y=y₀+ $A 2 π wx e - ln x x c 2 2 w 2$
Poisson	y=y₀+ $e - r r x x!$
Pulse	y=y₀+A(1- $e x - x 0 t 1$ )^p $e - x - x 0 t 2$

Table 4 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene at different pH fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)	温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%		pH值			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
5.00		10		5		8.0	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951
						7.0	2.635		51.13		25.90		0.991
						6.0	2.098		57.57		24.74		0.994
						5.0	1.639		58.89		20.86		0.983

Table 5 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different initial concentrations fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%		萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		10		5		5.00	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951
						4.00	2.182		33.79		23.59		0.945
						3.00	1.838		30.87		20.46		0.948
						2.00	1.429		25.96		16.45		0.994
						1.00	1.068		21.55		12.35		0.996

Table 6 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different temperatures fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)		菌接种量 I/%		温度 T/℃			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		5.00		5		30	3.394		25.89		20.32		0.970
						20	2.946		30.30		22.27		0.958
						10	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951

Table 7 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different inoculum concentrations fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)		温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		5.00		10		5	2.271		36.14		24.27		0.951
						4	2.047		39.80		29.26		0.949
						3	1.654		50.09		34.26		0.972
						2	1.431		56.23		33.94		0.985
						1	1.308		66.63		31.81		0.985

References 40

[1]	LOGESHWARAN P, MEGHARAJ M, CHADALAVADA S, et al. Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in groundwater aquifers:an overview of environmental fate, toxicity, microbial degradation and risk-based remediation approaches[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2018, 10:175-193.
[2]	GOUVEIA V, ALMEIDA C M R, ALMEIDA T , et al. Indigenous microbial communities along the NW Portuguese Coast:potential for hydrocarbons degradation and relation with sediment contamination[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 131:620-632. DOI URL
[3]	BIACHE C, OUALI S, CÉBRON A, et al. Bioremediation of PAH-contamined soils:consequences on formation and degradation of polar-polycyclic aromatic compounds and microbial community abundance[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 329:1-10. DOI URL
[4]	HUANG H Y, WU K J, KHAN A, et al. A novel Pseudomonas gessardii strain LZ-E simultaneously degrades naphthalene and reduces hexavalent chromium[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 207:370-378. DOI URL
[5]	陈思尹, 吕卫光, 张娟琴, 等. 萘降解菌的分离及其联合修复作用的研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(7):152-159.
[6]	刘建峰. Bio-trap技术研发及其在地下水中萘降解相关微生物群落研究中的应用[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2017.
[7]	郭亚男, 张馨予, 胥梦, 等. 低温萘降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解条件优化[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(7):100-107.
[8]	尹勇, 戴中华, 蒋鹏, 等. 苏南某焦化厂场地土壤和地下水特征污染物分布规律研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(8):1525-1531.
[9]	OBEROI A S, PHILIP L, BHALLAMUDI S M. Biodegradation of various aromatic compounds by enriched bacterial cultures: part A: monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015, 176(7):1870-1888. DOI URL
[10]	杨瑞芳. 水体多环芳烃类污染物3DEEM光谱数据定量分析方法研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2016.
[11]	ZAFRA G, TAYLOR T D, ABSALÓN A E , et al. Comparative metagenomic analysis of PAH degradation in soil by a mixed microbial consortium[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 318:702-710. DOI URL
[12]	EESHWARASINGHE D, LOGANATHAN P, KALARUBAN M, et al. Removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water using granular activated carbon:kinetic and equilibrium adsorption studies[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(14):13511-13524. DOI URL
[13]	吉芳英, 王晓东, 谭雪梅, 等. 高铁酸钾氧化系统中芳烃类物质转化特性[J]. 水处理技术, 2012, 38(10):47-49, 53.
[14]	高闯, 张全, 王继锋. 萘降解菌的筛选及其对多环芳烃的降解[J]. 化工环保, 2015, 35(1):17-20.
[15]	冯凯婕. 铁矿物对微生物降解萘的影响研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2019.
[16]	YU B, JIN X Y, KUANG Y, et al. An integrated biodegradation and nano-oxidation used for the remediation of naphthalene from aqueous solution[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 141:205-211. DOI URL
[17]	DUTTA K, SHITYAKOV S, KHALIFA I, et al. Effects of secondary carbon supplement on biofilm-mediated biodegradation of naphthalene by mutated naphthalene 1, 2-dioxygenase encoded by Pseudomonas putida strain KD9[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018, 357:187-197. DOI URL
[18]	ABO-STATE M A M, RIAD B Y, BAKR A A, et al. Biodegradation of naphthalene by Bordetella avium isolated from petroleum refinery wastewater in Egypt and its pathway[J]. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2018, 11(1):1-9. DOI URL
[19]	VARJANI S J, UPASANI V N. A new look on factors affecting microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017, 120:71-83.
[20]	唐娜. 苍白杆菌生物膜降解萘的动力学研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2019.
[21]	RIBEIRO H, DE SOUSA T, SANTOS J P, et al. Potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 199:54-67. DOI URL
[22]	WANG F K, LI C, WANG H J, et al. Characterization of a phenanthrene-degrading microbial consortium enriched from petrochemical contaminated environment[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2016, 115:286-292.
[23]	王博, 刘兆普, 隆小华, 等. 一株萘降解菌的筛选及其降解途径[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2012, 24(12):1697-1702.
[24]	JEGAN J, VIJAYARAGHAVAN K, SENTHILKUMAR R, et al. Naphthalene degradation kinetics of Micrococcus sp., isolated from activated sludge[J]. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2010, 38(9):837-842. DOI URL
[25]	LI C Y, ZHONG S, ZHANG F J, et al. Response of microbial communities to supercritical CO₂ and biogeochemical influences on microbially mediated CO₂-saline-sandstone interactions[J]. Chemical Geology, 2017, 473:1-9. DOI URL
[26]	ZHANG J S, SUN Z T, LI Y Y, et al. Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by Rhodococcus sp. CN₆ with high cell surface hydrophobicity[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 163(2/3):723-728. DOI URL
[27]	KOS B, ŠUŠKOVI- J, VUKOVI- S, et al. Adhesion and aggregation ability of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus M92[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2003, 94(6):981-987. DOI URL
[28]	PŁAZA G A, ZJAWIONY I, BANAT I M. Use of different methods for detection of thermophilic biosurfactant-producing bacteria from hydrocarbon-contaminated and bioremediated soils[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2006, 50(1):71-77. DOI URL
[29]	HASSANSHAHIAN M, BOROUJENI N A. Enrichment and identification of naphthalene-degrading bacteria from the Persian Gulf[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 107(1):59-65. DOI URL
[30]	刘小娜, 李彪, 唐晨, 等. 萘的微生物降解研究进展[J]. 生物加工过程, 2019, 17(6):581-589.
[31]	郭伟, 何孟常, 杨志峰. 土壤/沉积物中石油烃微生物降解研究综述[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26(3):276-283.
[32]	ANYIKA C, ABDUL MAJID Z, IBRAHIM Z, et al. The impact of biochars on sorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils: a review[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(5):3314-3341. DOI URL
[33]	LU X Y, ZHANG T, FANG H P, et al. Biodegradation of naphthalene by enriched marine denitrifying bacteria[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2011, 65(1):204-211.
[34]	田晓娟, 唐凌天, 彭立娥, 等. 石油脱硫微生物菌株的筛选及鉴定的研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2008, 15(6):192-198.
[35]	朱星, 王若宇, 汪锐, 等. 萘降解菌的分离鉴定、生长特性和降解途径探究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(4):379-383.
[36]	田晶. 降解多环芳烃真菌的筛选及其性能的研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2018.
[37]	赵晴. 疏水性石油烃降解菌强化降解系统的构建及其降解能力研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2005.
[38]	FARRELL A, QUILTY B. Substrate-dependent autoaggregation of Pseudomonas putida CP₁ during the degradation of mono-chlorophenols and phenol[J]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2002, 28(6):316-324.
[39]	雒晓芳, 温文静, 谭丽婵, 等. 两株芽孢杆菌对萘、菲、芘的降解特性研究[J]. 西北民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 37(3):46-51.
[40]	史延华, 任磊, 贾阳, 等. 施氏假单胞菌YC-YH1的萘降解特性及产物分析[J]. 微生物学通报, 2015, 42(10):1866-1876.