川西南地区下寒武统细粒沉积岩高精度层序地层特征及其充填演化模式

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.34

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 162-180.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.34

• 深层-超深层海相层系烃源岩发育、生烃演化和油气地球化学特征及示踪 • 上一篇下一篇

川西南地区下寒武统细粒沉积岩高精度层序地层特征及其充填演化模式

袁钰轩¹(), 李一凡¹^,^*(), 樊太亮¹, 杜伟², 陈格格¹, 张坦¹, 匡明志³, 刘旺威⁴

1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
3.成都理工大学能源学院, 四川成都 610059
4.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214035

收稿日期:2023-01-19 修回日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通讯作者: * 李一凡(1987—),男,副教授,博士生导师,从事细粒沉积学、沉积地球化学、非常规油气勘探研究工作。E-mail: liyifan@cugb.edu.cn
作者简介:袁钰轩(1998—),男,硕士研究生,从事细粒沉积岩沉积层序研究。E-mail: kbzz@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究(U19B6003-01-02);国家自然科学基金面上项目“古气候-古环境高频协同演化作用下的富有机质页岩形成机制:以中上扬子地区陡山沱组为例(42272173)

High-resolution sequence-stratigraphic characteristics and filling evolution model of Lower Cambrian fine-grained sedimentary rocks in southwestern Sichuan

YUAN Yuxuan¹(), LI Yifan¹^,^*(), FAN Tailiang¹, DU Wei², CHEN Gege¹, ZHANG Tan¹, KUANG Mingzhi³, LIU Wangwei⁴

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
4. Wuxi Institute of Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC, Wuxi 214035, China

Received:2023-01-19 Revised:2023-02-20 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

上扬子地区下寒武统页岩展现出了良好的页岩气勘探前景,是中国乃至全球开展古老层系海相页岩气勘探研究的重要领域。利用高分辨率层序地层学方法在海相细粒沉积岩中建立高精度层序地层格架,对川西南地区下寒武统进行层序划分与对比,可有效预测富有机质发育层段,指导非常规油气勘探。本文以川西南地区下寒武统麦地坪组-筇竹寺组细粒沉积岩为研究对象,选取金石103井,通过岩心精细描述和高精度薄片分析,将麦地坪组-筇竹寺组划分为磷质岩、弱纹层硅质泥岩、硅质粉砂质泥岩、变形层理泥质粉砂岩、块状硅质粉砂岩、暗纹层粉砂质泥岩、透镜状粒序泥质粉砂岩、波状纹层泥质粉砂岩、贫纹层粉砂质泥岩、富纹层泥质粉砂岩和钙质胶结硅质粉砂岩等11种岩相类型,并以此为基础识别了混积潮坪、泥质深水陆棚、砂泥质深水陆棚、泥质浅水陆棚和砂泥质浅水陆棚5类沉积相;通过岩心精细观察,识别出了3个三级层序界面,包括震旦系-寒武系不整合面SB1、麦地坪组-筇竹寺组岩性突变面SB2和岩性组合转换面SB3。根据岩相叠加样式及沉积构造定量统计,在麦地坪组-筇竹寺组中划分了35个准层序、14个准层序组,总结了由潮汐流控主导的“磷质颗粒灰岩+磷质-钙质砂岩+钙质-磷质泥质粉砂岩”(HST1准层序单元)、受重力流和底流协同作用的“钙质胶结粉砂岩+块状粉砂岩/变形层理泥质粉砂岩+暗纹层粉砂质泥岩”(HST2准层序单元)、受风暴浪作用为主导底流作用协同影响的“透镜状粒序泥质粉砂岩/波状纹层泥质粉砂岩/变形层理泥质粉砂岩+暗纹层粉砂质泥岩”(TST3准层序单元)和受波浪与重力流共同影响的“钙质胶结粉砂岩+富纹层状泥质粉砂岩+贫纹层状粉砂质泥岩”(HST3准层序单元)等4类典型准层序叠加样式,识别了6个体系域,划分出3个完整的三级层序单元。结合沉积相和层序特征,建立了麦地坪组-筇竹寺组“混积陆棚—深水陆棚—浅水陆棚”的演化过程。

关键词: 川西凹陷, 麦地坪组-筇竹寺组, 细粒沉积, 岩相, 高频层序

Abstract:

The Lower Cambrian shale in Upper Yangtze has good shale gas prospects and is of great importance for the exploration and research of deep marine shale gas in China and even in the world. This paper carried out high-resolution sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the fine-grained marine sediment rocks in the Lower Cambrian, southwestern Sichuan to establish a high-precision sequence-stratigraphic framework of the rock formation which can be used, by sequence comparison analysis, to effectively predict the organic-rich intervals and guide unconventional oil and gas exploration in the region. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Lower Cambrian Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103 were examined through elaborate core description and high-precision thin section analysis. The rock formations were divided into 11 lithofacies types: phosphatic rocks; weak-laminar siliceous mudstone; siliceous silty mudstone; deformed bedding argillaceous siltstone; massive siliceous siltstone; dark-laminar silty mudstone; lenticular sequence argillaceous siltstone; wavy lamellar argillaceous siltstone; lean laminated silty mudstone; laminar-rich argillaceous siltstone; and calcareous cementation siliceous siltstone. On this basis, five sedimentary facies types were identified: mixed tidal flat; muddy deep-water shelf; sandy argillaceous deep-water shelf; muddy shallow-water shelf; and sandy muddy shallow-water shelf. By fine core observation, three third-order sequence boundaries—Sinian-Cambrian unconformable surface, SB1, and lithological interfaces between contrasted lithologies, SB2, and between lithologic assemblages, SB3, within the studied rock formation—were identified. Based on quantitative statistical analysis of lithofacies superposition styles and sedimentary structures, 35 parasequences and 14 parasequence sets were delineated in the studied rock formation. Four parasequence superposition styles were summarized: “phosphorite grainstone+calcareous phosphatic sandstone+calcareous phosphatic argillaceous siltstone” parasequence unit (HST1) controlled by tidal flow; “cemented calcareous siltstone+massive siltstone+deformed bedded argillaceous siltstone+dark laminated silty mudstone” (HST2) controlled by synergy of gravity and bottom flows; “lenticular graded argillaceous siltstone/wavy-laminated argillaceous siltstone/deformed bedded argillaceous siltstone+dark laminated silty mudstone” (TST3) controlled by storm wave and co-influenced by bottom flow; and “cemented calcareous siltstone+richly-laminated argillaceous siltstone+poorly-laminated silty mudstone” (HST3) influenced by wave and gravity flow. Finally, 6 system tracts were identified and 3 complete third-order sequence units were delineated. Combined with sedimentary facies/sequence characteristics, a “mixed shelf, to deep shelf, to shallow shelf” evolution model for the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations was established.

Key words: western Sichuan depression, Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations, fine-grained sediments, lithofacies, high-frequency sequence

中图分类号:

袁钰轩, 李一凡, 樊太亮, 杜伟, 陈格格, 张坦, 匡明志, 刘旺威. 川西南地区下寒武统细粒沉积岩高精度层序地层特征及其充填演化模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 162-180.

YUAN Yuxuan, LI Yifan, FAN Tailiang, DU Wei, CHEN Gege, ZHANG Tan, KUANG Mingzhi, LIU Wangwei. High-resolution sequence-stratigraphic characteristics and filling evolution model of Lower Cambrian fine-grained sedimentary rocks in southwestern Sichuan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 162-180.

图/表 15

表1 上扬子地区下寒武统对比表(据文献[15]修改)

Table 1 Stratigraphic correlation table for the Lower Cambrian, Upper Yangtze. Modified after [15].

图1 中上扬子地区早寒武世筇竹寺期沉积相展布(据文献[18]修改)

Fig.1 Sedimentary facies distribution of Early Cambrian Qiongzhusi period in Upper Yangtze area. Modified after [18].

图2 金石103井混积潮坪相标志特征 a—磷质颗粒灰岩,双黏土层构造,岩心照片;b—磷质颗粒灰岩,磷质条带,岩心照片;c—钙质-磷质泥质粉砂岩,波状层理、钙质结核,岩心照片;d—磷质颗粒灰岩,磷质条带,薄片扫描;e—磷质颗粒灰岩,磷质颗粒杂基支撑,正交偏光显微镜;f—钙质-磷质泥质粉砂岩,滞留沉积,薄片扫描;g—钙质-磷质泥质粉砂岩,杂基支撑,正交偏光显微镜;h—磷质-钙质砂岩,磷质砂级颗粒支撑,单偏光显微镜。

Fig.2 Characteristics of mixed tidal flat facies markers in well Jingshi 103

图3 金石103井泥质深水陆棚相标志特征 a—弱纹层硅质泥岩,重荷模特征磷质结核,岩心照片;b—弱纹层硅质泥岩,黄铁矿集合体和黄铁矿条带,岩心照片;c—弱纹层硅质泥岩,黄铁矿结核,岩心照片;d—弱纹层硅质泥岩,不明显弱纹层,薄片扫描;e—弱纹层硅质泥岩,黏土矿物悬浮沉积组成不明显纹层,单偏光显微镜;f—弱纹层硅质泥岩,磷质结核,薄片扫描;g—弱纹层硅质泥岩,黄铁矿与自生石英结合体,正交偏光显微镜;h—弱纹层硅质泥岩,黄铁矿与自生石英结合体,单偏光显微镜。

Fig.3 Characteristics of muddy deep-water shelf facies markers in well Jinshi 103

图4 金石103井砂泥质深水陆棚相标志特征 a—块状硅质粉砂岩,流水沙纹,岩心照片;b—块状硅质粉砂岩,粒序特征,岩心照片;c—变形层理泥质粉砂岩,变形层理,岩心照片;d—块状硅质粉砂岩,薄片扫描;e—硅质粉砂质泥岩,生物扰动,岩心照片;f—变形层理泥质粉砂岩,砂质透镜体、高角度交错层理,岩心照片;g—块状硅质粉砂岩,粗泥级石英颗粒,正交偏光显微镜;h—变形层理泥质粉砂岩,软沉积物变形,薄片扫描;i—变形层理泥质粉砂岩,正交偏光显微镜;j—块状硅质粉砂岩,单偏光显微镜。

Fig.4 Characteristics of sandy-muddy deep-water shelf facies markers in well Jinshi 103

图5 金石103井泥质浅水陆棚相标志特征 a—暗纹层粉砂质泥岩,断续暗纹层,岩心照片;b—波状纹层泥质粉砂岩,连续波状纹层,岩心照片;c—透镜状粒序泥质粉砂岩,曲状粒序韵律,岩心照片;d—波状纹层泥质粉砂岩,连续波状纹层,薄片扫描;e—透镜状粒序泥质粉砂岩,粒序特征,薄片扫描;f—暗纹层粉砂质泥岩,断续暗纹层,薄片扫描;g—暗纹层粉砂质泥岩,正交偏光显微镜;h—暗纹层粉砂质泥岩,单偏光显微镜。

Fig.5 Characteristics of argillaceous shallow-water shelf facies markers in well Jinshi 103

图6 金石103井砂泥质浅水陆棚相标志特征 a—富纹层状泥质粉砂岩,流水沙纹、纹层较密,岩心照片;b—富纹层状泥质粉砂岩,粒序特征,岩心照片;c—钙质胶结粉砂岩,泥质条带,岩心照片;d—贫纹层状粉砂质泥岩,流水沙纹,薄片扫描;e—贫纹层状粉砂质泥岩,流水沙纹、纹层较疏,岩心照片;f—富纹层状泥质粉砂岩,低角度交错层理,岩心照片;g—贫纹层状粉砂质泥岩,钙质胶结透镜状条带,正交偏光显微镜;h—钙质胶结粉砂岩,泥质条带,薄片扫描;i—钙质胶结粉砂岩,钙质胶结程度高,正交偏光显微镜;j—钙质胶结粉砂岩,钙质胶结程度高,单偏光显微镜。

Fig.6 Characteristics of sandy-muddy shallow shelf facies markers in well Jinshi 103

图7 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组层序界面特征

Fig.7 Lithofacies characteristics of sequence boundaries in the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103

图8 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组准层序岩相组合和沉积特征

Fig.8 Parasequences within lithofacies assemblages in and characteristics of sedimentary rocks of the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103

图9 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组柱状图

Fig.9 Stratigraphic column diagram for the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jingshi 103

图10 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组层序SQ1结构特征

Fig.10 Composite diagram showing the structural characteristics of sequence SQ1 of the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103

图11 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组层序SQ2结构特征

Fig.11 Structural characteristics of sequence SQ2 of the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103

图12 金石103井麦地坪组-筇竹寺组层序SQ3结构特征

Fig.12 Structural characteristics of sequence SQ3 of the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in well Jinshi 103

图13 川西凹槽麦地坪组-筇竹寺组对比剖面(峨边葛村剖面据文献[30];资阳1井据文献[31];高石17井据文献[32];Mx9井据文献[33])

Fig.13 Stratigraphic correlation diagram for the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations from Ebiangecun site to well Mx9. Modified from [30⇓⇓-33].

图14 川西凹槽麦地坪组-筇竹寺组沉积充填演化模式图

Fig.14 Depositional evolution model for the Maidiping-Qiongzhusi Formations in western Sichuan

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川西南地区下寒武统细粒沉积岩高精度层序地层特征及其充填演化模式

High-resolution sequence-stratigraphic characteristics and filling evolution model of Lower Cambrian fine-grained sedimentary rocks in southwestern Sichuan

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