塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.12

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 150-161.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.12

• 深层-超深层海相层系烃源岩发育、生烃演化和油气地球化学特征及示踪 • 上一篇下一篇

塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用

陈践发¹^,²^,³(), 许锦¹^,²^,^*(), 王杰¹^,², 刘鹏¹^,², 陈斐然⁴, 黎茂稳¹^,²

1.页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
3.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
4.中国石化勘探分公司, 四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2023-01-06 修回日期:2023-02-07 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通信作者: * 许锦(1981—),女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地球化学研究工作。E-mail: xujin.syky@sinopec.com
作者简介:陈践发(1961—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事天然气地质学和同位素地球化学研究工作。E-mail: jfchen@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003);中国石化油气成藏重点实验室基金项目“塔里木盆地下古生界海相烃源岩微量元素组成特征及其在烃源岩判识中的应用(G5800-19-ZS-KFZC003)

Paleo-environmental variation and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series, Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin

CHEN Jianfa¹^,²^,³(), XU Jin¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Jie¹^,², LIU Peng¹^,², CHEN Feiran⁴, LI Maowen¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
2. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, SINOPEC, Wuxi 214126, China
3. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
4. Exploration Company, SINOPEC, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2023-01-06 Revised:2023-02-07 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组沉积地层特征及地球化学分析,研究了玉尔吐斯组沉积时期水体氧化-还原环境及初级生产力的变化特征,探讨了玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系有机质富集机制及烃源岩分布的主要控制因素。塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组可分为5段:底部黑色含磷硅质岩段,下部黑色泥岩段,中部灰色白云岩段,上部黑色页岩与灰色微晶灰岩互层段,顶部浅灰色粉晶白云岩段。它们构成一个完整的海侵-海退沉积旋回。氧化-还原指标及热液示踪参数显示玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系不同层段的形成环境存在差异:底部硅质岩形成于缺氧环境,热液活动显著;下部黑色泥岩形成于强缺氧硫化环境,热液活动较强;上部黑色页岩形成于贫氧-氧化环境,热液活动较弱。综合研究表明:玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积时期,水体先变深后变浅,氧逸度先降低后升高,古生产力逐渐减弱,在缺氧的水体条件和热液作用主导的高生产力综合控制下形成了以玉尔吐斯组下部黑色泥岩为代表的优质烃源岩。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 玉尔吐斯组, 氧化-还原环境, 古生产力, 有机质富集

Abstract:

Based on the sedimentary and geochemical characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin, the variation of seawater redox condition and primary productivity during sediment deposition and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series and source rock distribution in the Yuertusi Formation were investigated. The Yuertusi Formation in the northwestern Tarim Basin can be divided into five members: black phosphorus-bearing siliceous rock at bottom; black mudstone in the lower part; gray dolomite in the middle part; interbedded black shale and gray microcrystalline limestone in the upper part; and gray crystal dolomite near top; this vertical lithofacies sequence incorporates a complete transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. The redox index and hydrothermal tracing parameters revealed the details of paleoenvironmental variation: the bottom siliceous rock is formed in an anoxic environment with strong hydrothermal activity; the lower black mudstone in an euxinic environment with slight hydrothermal activity; and the upper black shale in a sub-anoxic to anoxic environment with weak hydrothermal activity. Comprehensive studies have shown that during the deposition of the black rock series sea level first rises then falls, oxygen fugacity first decreases then increases, and paleo-productivity gradually weakens. The anoxic condition and high productivity influenced by hydrothermal activity jointly control the distribution of ancient, high-quality source rocks represented by the black mudstone in the lower part of the Yuertusi Formation.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Yuertusi Formation, redox conditions, primary productivity, organic enrichment

中图分类号:

陈践发, 许锦, 王杰, 刘鹏, 陈斐然, 黎茂稳. 塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 150-161.

CHEN Jianfa, XU Jin, WANG Jie, LIU Peng, CHEN Feiran, LI Maowen. Paleo-environmental variation and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series, Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 150-161.

图/表 8

图1 塔里木盆地西北缘地理位置及地层分布图(据文献[18-19]修改) a—塔里木盆地构造单元;b—盆地西北缘构造单元分布;c—阿克苏地区区域地质图;d—西北缘寒武系地层柱状图。

Fig.1 Location of the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin and the stratigraphic distribution. a and b. tectonic units of the Tarim Basin and its northwestern margin; c. geological setting of the Akes area of the NW Tarim Basin; d. Cambrian lithologic columns in NW Tarim Basin. Modified after [18-19].

图2 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面下寒武统玉尔吐斯组沉积地层序列

Fig.2 Location of the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin and the stratigraphic distribution. a and b. tectonic units of the Tarim Basin and its northwestern margin; c. geological setting of the Akes area of the NW Tarim Basin; d. Cambrian lithofacies in NW Tarim Basin

图3 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面玉尔吐斯组烃源岩氧化-还原敏感元素及TOC垂向分布

Fig.3 Profiles of TOC, Ni/V, V/Cr, Ni/Co and U/Th from the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation black rock series of Kungaikuotan section in NW Tarim Basin

图4 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面玉尔吐斯组烃源岩Ce/Ce*与稀土元素关系图 a—ΣREE含量-Ce/Ce*图; b—Eu/Eu*-Ce/Ce*图; c—(La/Yb)N-Ce/Ce*图。

Fig.4 Plots REE versus Ce/Ce* ratios of the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation black rock series of Kungaikuotan section in NW Tarim Basin

图5 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面玉尔吐斯组烃源岩热液参数垂向分布图

Fig.5 Profiles of ∑REEs, LREE/HREE, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* from the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation black rock series of Kungaikuotan section in NW Tarim Basin

图6 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面玉尔吐斯组稀土元素参数、生物生产力指标垂向分布

Fig.6 Profiles of Rb/Sr, Cu and Ba from the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation black rock series of Kungaikuotan section in NW Tarim Basin

图7 塔里木盆地西北缘昆盖阔坦剖面玉尔吐斯组烃源岩TOC与氧化还原、生物生产力指标相关性图 a—U/Th-TOC含量图; b—V/Cr-TOC含量图; c—Ni/V-TOC含量图; d—Rb/Sr-TOC含量图; e—Ba含量-TOC含量图; f—Cu含量-TOC含量图。

Fig.7 Plots TOC versus redox index and hydrothermal tracing parameters showing organic matter enrichment of black rock series in Cambrian Yuertusi Formation, NW Tarim Basin

图8 塔里木盆地西北缘昆玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系有机质富集模式图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram showing Early Cambrian marine redox variation, distribution of organic-rich rock, hydrothermal activities and spatial variation of TOC in NW Tarim Basin

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塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用

Paleo-environmental variation and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series, Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin

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