地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 135-149.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.25

• 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层形成环境、发育机理和成因模式 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地台盆区超深层热演化及对储层的影响

李丹1,2(), 常健1,2,*(), 邱楠生1,2,*(), 熊昱杰1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-12 修回日期:2023-02-15 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
  • 通信作者: * 常健(1982—),男,教授,博士生导师,从事沉积盆地温压场和热年代学研究工作。E-mail: changjian@cup.edu.cn;邱楠生(1968—),男,教授,博士生导师,从事盆地构造、热演化和温压演化研究工作。E-mail: qiunsh@cup.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李丹(1994—),女,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: lidan941009@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究(U19B6003);国家自然科学基金面上项目“塔里木盆地台盆区深层、古老层系有效古温标探索与热史重建(42272135)

Thermal analysis of ultra-deep layers and its influence on reservoir utilization in platform area, Tarim Basin

LI Dan1,2(), CHANG Jian1,2,*(), QIU Nansheng1,2,*(), XIONG Yujie1,2   

  1. 1. National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2023-01-12 Revised:2023-02-15 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要:

温度场是制约有效储层发育的关键因素之一,然而关于塔里木盆地超深层储层热演化及其对储层有效性的影响研究还很少。本文选取塔里木盆地台盆区近几年新钻井作为研究对象,通过实测等效镜质体反射率参数热史模拟揭示了台盆区显生宙时期以来的古热流演化史。台盆区大地热流从早古生代的45~65 mW/m2逐渐降至现今的32~45 mW/m2,仅局部地区在早二叠世受岩浆活动影响出现短暂的热流高峰,为46~62 mW/m2。在此基础上,结合沉积埋藏史明确了超深层碳酸盐岩储层古温度史和关键变革时期古温度平面分布特征,并对比分析了不同构造单元碳酸盐岩储层温度场差异演化特征及主控因素。奥陶系储层受控于大地热流和地层埋深影响,经历了早期缓慢升温和晚期快速升温的过程,除局部地区在早二叠世存在高异常外,塔里木盆地奥陶系储层在关键构造时期均表现出由中部向南北两侧降温的平面展布特征,与现今油气相态特征匹配。通过建立温度场与储层孔隙演化模式,深入讨论了台盆区有效储层发育的温度场条件。超深层碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀-沉淀作用和油气相态与温压密切相关,温度不仅可以通过改善储层物性间接为油气充注提供储集空间,而且长期低温高压背景有利于液态烃的保存。本研究有助于厘清塔里木盆地台盆区超深层碳酸盐岩储层的热演化过程,并通过探讨对储层有效性的影响为下一步油气勘探提供参考。

关键词: 超深层碳酸盐岩, 温度场, 塔里木盆地, 油气成藏, 石油地质

Abstract:

The temperature field is one of the key factors restricting the development of effective reservoirs, however, few studies have focused on the thermal evolution of ultra-deep reservoirs and its influence on reservoir performance in the Tarim Basin. In this paper, the paleothermal history of the Tarim Basin platform area since the Phanerozoic are investigated by vitrinite reflectance modeling using well logs from new wells. The heat flow in the basin platform area has decreased gradually since the Early Paleozoic, from 45-65 to 32-45 mW/m2, and peaked briefly to ~46-62 mW/m2 during the Early Permian in some areas. Combined with the burial history, the thermal history of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs and the distribution characteristics of key tectonic events are revealed, and the differential evolution of temperature field in different tectonic units and the main controlling factors are analyzed. The Ordovician reservoirs experienced slow heating then rapid heating processes. The reservoir cooling characteristics, i.e., planar cooling from the central area to the north and south sides during the key tectonic episodes, matches the hydrocarbon phase behavior, except for the local high anomaly during the Early Permian. The temperature field conditions for effective reservoir development in the platform area are discussed through building the temperature field and porosity evolution models. The phase behavior of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs is strongly influenced by temperature and pressure, where not only the reservoir temperature can affect pore space for oil/gas charging, but also the long-term low-temperature, high-pressure environment is beneficial to the preservation of liquid hydrocarbons. This study helps to clarify the thermal evolution process of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the platform area of the Tarim Basin, and provides a reference for the next stage of hydrocarbon exploration.

Key words: ultra-deep carbonate rock, temperature field, Tarim Basin, hydrocarbon accumulation, petroleum geology

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