地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 219-236.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.5

• 非主题来稿选登:新能源与成烃成藏作用 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地塔北地区多期断裂差异匹配控制下超深岩溶缝洞储层成藏特征

李凤磊1,2,3(), 林承焰1,2,3, 任丽华1,2,3, 张国印1,2,3, 关宝珠4   

  1. 1.深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)), 山东 青岛 266580
    2.山东省油藏地质重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266580
    3.中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院, 山东 青岛 266580
    4.中国石油塔里木油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-26 修回日期:2023-07-11 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-10
  • 作者简介:李凤磊(1984—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为油藏描述、地震解释等。E-mail: lfl_winter@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42002144);中国石油重大科技项目(ZD2019-183-006)

Characteristics of deep karst fracture-cavity reservoir formation controlled by multi-phase faults matching in the northern Tarim Basin

LI Fenglei1,2,3(), LIN Chengyan1,2,3, REN Lihua1,2,3, ZHANG Guoyin1,2,3, GUAN Baozhu4   

  1. 1. National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
    2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil Reservoir Geology, Qingdao 266580, China
    3. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
    4. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla 841000, China
  • Received:2023-05-26 Revised:2023-07-11 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-07-10

摘要:

超深断控岩溶缝洞型油藏是塔北地区重要油藏类型,探讨多期构造活动与深层油气成藏匹配关系对区域油气勘探具有重要意义。基于哈拉哈塘油田、金跃油田和富满油田连片地震资料,以野外地质露头断裂特征为指导,采用多种地震精细解释手段,分期、分级、分段刻画研究区断裂。基于研究区中寒武统玉尔吐斯烃源岩认识,结合加里东期、海西期和喜马拉雅期3期成藏的特点,将研究区走滑为主的控藏断裂划分为加里东早期、加里东中晚期、海西晚期和喜马拉雅期。进一步分析多期断裂继承性关系、通源特点和调整作用等,结合多种类型岩溶缝洞型储层的开发现状,探讨了研究区走滑断裂控制下的岩溶缝洞型储层成藏差异性。结果表明: (1)研究区油气藏关键因素是油源断裂通源性与后期断裂的调整作用,将加里东早期正断裂系统定义为源内断裂,加里东晚期形成的走滑断裂系统定义为源外断裂,源内断裂利于寒武系烃源岩排烃,源外断裂进一步沟通烃源岩实现油气运移成藏,基于这种认识建立4种通源模式;(2)结合研究区存在加里东晚期、海西期和喜马拉雅期3个主力生烃期的认识,海西晚期部分北西向走滑断裂继承性发育至二叠系,对加里东期油藏有一定的破坏和调整作用,喜马拉雅期部分北东向走滑断裂系统继承性发育至新近系,对早期油气藏起破坏和调整作用,建立了3种调整样式;(3)根据断裂匹配关系,建立6种走滑断裂控藏等级,并将研究区加里东中晚期走滑断裂带逐一划分,叠合开采现状图显示差异控藏断裂与油气生产情况匹配度较高;(4)选择发育断裂与岩溶共同控储的研究区,建立多期断裂系统与多种类型岩溶缝洞油气藏的匹配关系,并将认识成功应用于研究区井位勘探中,取得较好效果,为受控于走滑断层的岩溶缝洞油气藏勘探开发提供一定指导意义。

关键词: 超深断控岩溶缝洞型油藏, 塔里木盆地塔北地区, 通源断裂, 油气调整, 成藏模式

Abstract:

Investigating the correlation between multi-phase tectonic activity and deep reservoir formation is crucial for oil and gas exploration endeavors. Utilizing seismic data from the Halahatang, Jinyue, and Fuman oilfields, coupled with an analysis of field geological outcrop faults, various seismic fine interpretation methods were employed to delineate faults within the study area. Building upon an understanding of the Middle Cambrian Yuertusi source rock and the characteristics of the Caledonian, Hercynian, and Himalayan accumulation stages, faults controlling oil accumulation were classified into four stages: Early Caledonian, Middle and Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, and Himalayan. Further analysis of the inheritance relationship, source characteristics, and adjustment effects of multi-stage fractures, along with an assessment of various types of karst fracture-cavity reservoir development, led to discussions on the variations in karst fracture-cavity reservoirs under the influence of strike-slip faults in the study area. Key findings include: (1) Identification of primary factors influencing oil and gas reservoirs, including intra-source faults from the early Caledonian normal fault system facilitating hydrocarbon expulsion from Cambrian source rocks, and outer source faults formed during the late Caledonian enabling communication with source rocks for oil and gas migration and accumulation. Four source rocks-linking models were established based on this understanding. (2) Recognition of three main hydrocarbon generation periods in the study area: late Caledonian, Hercynian, and Himalayan, with inherited development of northwest strike-slip fractures into the Permian during the Late Hercynian period, impacting Garridonian reservoirs, and destruction and adjustment of early oil and gas reservoirs by northeast strike-slip fault systems inherited to the Neogene during the Himalayan period. Three modes of oil and gas remigration were established. (3) Establishment of six types of strike-slip fault control grades based on fracture matching relationships, along with classification of Middle and Late Caledonian strike-slip fault zones in the study area. A mining status map revealed a high matching degree between differential reservoir-controlling faults and oil and gas production. (4) Joint control of reservoirs by strike-slip faults and karstification in the study area, with an established matching relationship between the multi-stage fault system and various types of karst fracture-cavity reservoirs. This understanding has been successfully applied to well location exploration in the study area, yielding favorable results and providing guidance for the exploration and development of karst fracture-cavity reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults.

Key words: ultra-deep fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoirs, Northern Tarim Basin, source rocks-linking fault, hydrocarbon adjustment, accumulation model

中图分类号: