富油凹陷油气分布规律与勘探潜力分析:以东濮凹陷为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

渤海湾盆地各大油田均进行了长期的精细勘探,但最新资源评价仍表明富油气凹陷剩余资源潜力大,剩余资源丰度高,仍将是勘探开发坚持的长期阵地。如何深化富油气凹陷的油气富集规律,将对下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。本文从烃源岩角度入手,明晰东濮凹陷古近系湖相泥岩和上古生界煤系源岩成烃特征,然后结合典型油气藏解剖和油气藏评价单元,建立源藏对应关系,结合其他成藏要素,建立油气成藏模式并明晰剩余油气富集规律。研究表明:东濮凹陷古近系富油气凹陷具有近源聚集、连续成藏和断超控富的特征,油气主要来自TOC含量大于1.0%的优质烃源岩,富油气区之所以富集油气主要是由于富油气区具有多套优质源岩、多含油气系统和多期油气成藏的“三多”特征。东濮凹陷上古生界煤成气主要分布在煤系源岩热演化程度R_o大于1.3%的区域,存在源内和源外两种成藏模式。上述成果认识,不仅将为常规油气藏的勘探提供技术支撑,也将为薄层致密油、页岩油的勘探提供技术支撑。

关键词: 东濮凹陷, 富油凹陷, 煤成气, 成藏模式, 富集规律

Abstract:

The major oil fields in the Bohai Bay Basin have undergone long-term detailed exploration, yet the latest resource assessments still indicate a large potential for remaining resources in oil-rich depressions with high resource abundance. These areas will continue to be a long-term focus for exploration and development. Deepening the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in oil-rich depressions is crucial for guiding future oil and gas exploration. This paper begins from the perspective of source rocks, clarifying the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of the Paleogene lacustrine shales in the Dongpu Depression and the coal-bearing source rocks of the Upper Paleozoic. It then integrates typical oil and gas reservoir analyses and reservoir evaluation units to establish a correspondence between source and reservoir. By combining this with other accumulation factors, it aims to develop hydrocarbon accumulation models and clarify the patterns of remaining oil and gas enrichment. The research indicates that the oil-rich depression in the Dongpu Depression is characterized by “proximity to source aggregation, continuous accumulation, and fault-controlled richness”. The hydrocarbons primarily originate from high-quality source rocks with TOC greater than 1.0%. The richness of oil and gas in the oil-rich zones is mainly due to the presence of multiple sets of high-quality source rocks, multiple oil and gas systems, and multiple stages of hydrocarbon accumulation, referred to as the “three multiplicities”. In the Dongpu Depression, coalbed methane is primarily distributed in areas where the thermal maturity level of coal-bearing source rocks (Ro) exceeds 1.3%, exhibiting both in-source and out-of-source accumulation modes. The findings of this study not only provide technical support for the exploration of conventional oil and gas reservoirs but also for the exploration of thin-layer tight oil and shale oil.

Key words: Dongpu Depression, oil-rich depression, coalbed methane, accumulation model, enrichment patterns

中图分类号:

P618.130.2

徐田武, 张洪安. 富油凹陷油气分布规律与勘探潜力分析:以东濮凹陷为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 368-380.

XU Tianwu, ZHANG Hong’an. Analysis of oil and gas distribution and exploration potential in oil-rich depression: Taking Dongpu Depression as an example[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 368-380.

图/表 13

图1 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷油气田分布

Fig.1 Distribution of oil and gas fields in the Dongpu Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin

图2 东濮凹陷不同地区探明油气资源与剩余油气资源关系图

Fig.2 Relationship between proven oil and gas resources and remaining oil and gas resources in different areas of the Dongpu Depression

图3 富油凹陷γ-蜡烷—Pr/Ph(a)、伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷—TOC含量散点图(b)

Fig.3 Scatter plots of oil-rich depression γ-wax-Pr/Ph (a) and gamma wax/C30 hopane-TOC (b)

图4 东濮凹陷原油单体烃碳同位素分布特征

Fig.4 Distribution characteristics of carbon isotope in crude oil in the Dongpu Depression

图5 东濮凹陷北部不同成因类型原油分布特征

Fig.5 Distribution characteristics of crude oil of different genetic types in the northern Dongpu Depression

图6 东濮凹陷富油气区含油气系统的划分

Fig.6 Classification of oil and gas systems in the oil-rich area of the Dongpu Depression

图7 东濮凹陷不同层系探明储量离排烃中心距离分布图

Fig.7 Distribution of proven reserves from different strata relative to hydrocarbon expulsion centers in the Dongpu Depression

图8 东濮凹陷文留地区(富油气区)油气成藏序列分布图

Fig.8 Distribution of hydrocarbon accumulation sequences in the Wenliu area (oil-rich area) of the Dongpu Depression

图9 东濮凹陷沙三中压力系数与超压关系分布图

Fig.9 Distribution of pressure coefficient and overpressure relationship in the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongpu Depression

图10 东濮凹陷上古生界煤、暗色泥岩和碳质泥岩显微组分构成图

Fig.10 Composition of microscopic components of coal, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone in the Upper Paleozoic of the Dongpu Depression

图11 全国不同地区(a)及东濮凹陷(b)煤气发生率图版(据文献18)

Fig.11 Coal gas generation rates in different regions nationwide (a) and in the Dongpu Depression (b). Adapted from [18].

图12 东濮凹陷石炭—二叠系现今生气强度等值线图

Fig.12 Overlay of hydrocarbon generation intensity of Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing source rocks in the Dongpu Depression

图13 东濮凹陷煤成气成藏模式图

Fig.13 Hydrocarbon accumulation models of coalbed methane in the Dongpu Depression

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