塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起走滑断裂带流体时空分布及油气成藏意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.36

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 316-328.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.36

• 海相深层-超深层碳酸盐岩油气动态成藏和聚集 • 上一篇下一篇

塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起走滑断裂带流体时空分布及油气成藏意义

李慧莉¹^,²(), 高键¹^,², 曹自成¹^,³, 朱秀香¹^,³, 郭小文⁴, 曾帅⁵

1.中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
3.中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.中国地质大学(武汉) 资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074
5.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2023-02-04 修回日期:2023-03-05 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
作者简介:李慧莉(1972—),女,博士,研究员,主要从事油气地质与勘探生产研究工作。E-mail: lihl.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金企业联合创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003)

Spatial-temporal distribution of fluid activities and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in the strike-slip fault zones, Shuntuoguole low-uplift, Tarim Basin

LI Huili¹^,²(), GAO Jian¹^,², CAO Zicheng¹^,³, ZHU Xiuxiang¹^,³, GUO Xiaowen⁴, ZENG Shuai⁵

1. Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Stratum, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
3. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Northwest Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC, ürümqi 830011, China
4. School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
5. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2023-02-04 Revised:2023-03-05 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地顺北油气田走滑断裂对成储和成藏具有重要的控制作用。本文采集研究区8条主要走滑断裂上23口钻井岩心中的构造成因裂缝充填方解石脉,开展断裂-流体耦合活动研究。根据方解石脉微观岩相(成岩矿物类型和阴极发光特征)、岩石化学(稀土元素、碳氧锶同位素)和方解石原位U-Pb定年结果,将方解石脉分为3期。第一期方解石脉在东西部数条断裂带内普遍发育,方解石岩石化学特征指示流体来源于中-下奥陶统地层水;方解石原位U-Pb年龄为474~444 Ma,时代为加里东中期。第二期方解石脉主要在顺北5号带以东断裂带内发育普遍,方解石岩石化学特征指示来源于下部寒武系地层水和埋藏期深部热流体;方解石原位U-Pb年龄为441~403和374~326 Ma,时代集中分布在加里东晚期—海西早期。第三期方解石脉在5号带、4号带和顺南地区少数样品较为发育,方解石岩石化学特征指示埋藏期深部热流体特征,方解石原位U-Pb年龄为295.9~232 Ma,时代主要为海西晚期。三期方解石脉形成时期与断裂活动期次相吻合。方解石脉含烃包裹体产状和特征指示加里东晚期—海西早期和海西晚期液态烃充注和液态烃热裂解演化过程。本文利用构造成因裂缝充填方解石微区原位U-Pb定年,确定走滑断裂形成时间的方法,以及结合烃类包裹体分析直接确定油气成藏时限的方法,对于研究多旋回盆地多源多期油气成藏过程有推广应用价值。

关键词: 方解石脉, 断裂-流体耦合活动, 油气成藏, 顺北油气田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The strike-slip faults in the Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin are essential for the reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation. This research selects carbonate core samples containing fractured calcite veins from 23 drilling wells in eight major strike-slip faults in Shuntuoguole area to investigate fault-fluid interaction in the oil and gas field. Based on the petrography (diagenetic mineral types and cathodoluminescence characteristics) and lithogeochemistry (rare earth elements, strontium isotopes, carbon and oxygen isotopes) of calcite veins and laser ablation in situ U-Pb dating of calcite, the fractured calcite veins are divided into three types based on their formation environment and stage. Calcite veins formed in the first stage (474-444 Ma) are widely distributed in many faults, and their lithogeochemical characteristics indicate the diagenetic fluids are derived from formation water of the Middle-Lower Ordovician. Calcite veins formed in the second stage (441-403 Ma) are mostly distributed in fault zones east of Shunbei No. 5 fault, and Cambrian formation water and deep thermal fluids of the burial period are the sources of the diagenetic fluids. Calcite veins formed in the third stage (374-326 Ma)—with diagenetic fluids likely originated from deep thermal fluids—are only observed in a few samples from Shunbei Nos. 4 and 5 strike-slip faults and Shunnan area. In situ U-Pb dating results suggest the three calcite phases coincide with faulting events in the Middle Caledonian, Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian, and Late Hercynian, respectively. Moreover, the occurrence and characteristics of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions in calcite veins imply liquid hydrocarbon charging during the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and Late Hercynian and crude oil cracking in the study area. The method of direct dating of strike-slip faults by in-situ U-Pb dating of carbonate minerals has broad applications, and the combination of in situ calcite U-Pb dating and hydrocarbon inclusion analysis can directly establish the time of hydrocarbon charging and evolution of dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation in a multi-cycle superposition basin.

Key words: calcite vein, fault-fluid coupling, hydrocarbon accumulation, Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

李慧莉, 高键, 曹自成, 朱秀香, 郭小文, 曾帅. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起走滑断裂带流体时空分布及油气成藏意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 316-328.

LI Huili, GAO Jian, CAO Zicheng, ZHU Xiuxiang, GUO Xiaowen, ZENG Shuai. Spatial-temporal distribution of fluid activities and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in the strike-slip fault zones, Shuntuoguole low-uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 316-328.

图/表 8

图1 塔里木盆地顺北地区构造位置与生储盖组合示意图 a—研究区位置;b—顺北地区取样断裂带和钻井分布位置;c—地层综合柱状图。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of structural location and source-reservoir-cap combination within the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

图2 顺北油气田钻井岩心构造成因方解石脉体岩心照片 a—顺北7井,7 731.9 m,O1-2ys,灰色泥晶灰岩,见顺层方解石脉;b—顺北42井,7 413.93 m,O2yj,灰色泥晶灰岩,高角度扩溶缝半充填方解石与黑色沥青,沿裂隙溶蚀孔发育;c—顺北42井,7 411.58 m,O2yj,灰色泥晶灰岩,高角度裂缝充填方解石脉与黑色沥青质;d—顺北16井,6 471.42~6 471.81 m,O2yj,灰色含硅质泥晶灰岩,见厚层高角度方解石脉。

Fig.2 Photographs of the Ordovician cores contained tectogenetic calcite veins in the Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin

图3 顺托果勒低隆起中-下奥陶统储层典型方解石脉显微特征、阴极发光特征和扫描电镜特征照片

Fig.3 Photos showing transmission light (A), cathodoluminescence (B), and scanning electron microscope (C-D) of representative calcite samples from the Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs in the Shuntuoguole low uplift, Tarim Basin

图4 顺托果勒低隆起不同断裂带中-下奥陶统储层方解石脉微区原位U-Pb年龄分布特征和代表性U-Pb年龄

Fig.4 In-situ U-Pb ages distribution characteristics and representative U-Pb ages of the calcite veins in Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs from different strike-slip faults, Shuntuoguole low uplift

图5 顺托果勒低隆起不同断裂带中-下奥陶统储层方解石脉微与围岩稀土元素配分曲线

Fig.5 Rare-earth element distribution model of calcite veins and surrounding rocks in Middle- Lower Ordovician reservoirs from different strike-slip faults, Shuntuoguole low uplift

图6 顺托果勒低隆起不同断裂带中-下奥陶统储层方解石脉Sr同位素特征

Fig.6 Strontium isotopes characteristics of calcite veins from Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs in the different strike-slip faults, Shuntuoguole Low Uplift

图7 顺托果勒低隆起不同断裂带中-下奥陶统储层方解石脉δ13CPDB与δ18OPDB关系图

Fig.7 Crosspot of carbon and oxygen isotopes of calcite veins from Lower-Middle Ordovician reservoirs in different strike-slip faults, Shuntuoguole low uplift

图8 顺托果勒低隆起不同断裂带中-下奥陶统储层方解石脉中油包裹体典型显微照片 A,B—顺北47井,7 353.5 m,O1-2ys,C2方解石脉捕获原生气液两相油包裹体,油包裹体发黄色荧光;C,D—顺北16井, 6 468 m,O2yj,C2方解石脉捕获原生气液两相油包裹体,油包裹体发蓝色荧光;E,F—顺北评3井,7 425.64 m,O2yj,C2方解石脉捕获原生气液两相油包裹体,油包裹体发蓝白色荧光;G,H—顺北5-1井,7 471.04 m,O2yj,C1期方解石脉捕获次生裂纹油包裹体和同期盐水包裹体,油包裹体发蓝色荧光;I,J—顺北16井,6 471.42~6 471.81 m,O2yj,C2期方解石脉捕获原生含沥青饱和烃包裹体和甲烷包裹体等烃类包裹体;K,L—顺北42X,7 415.86 m,O2yj,C3方解石脉捕获次生裂纹油包裹体,油包裹体发蓝绿色荧光。

Fig.8 Micrograph of typical oil inclusions in calcite veins in the Middle and Lower Ordovician reservoirs of different strike-slip faults, Shuntuoguole low uplift

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塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起走滑断裂带流体时空分布及油气成藏意义

Spatial-temporal distribution of fluid activities and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in the strike-slip fault zones, Shuntuoguole low-uplift, Tarim Basin

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