深层致密碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带核带结构与断控储集体簇状发育模式:以塔里木盆地顺北4号断裂带为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.32

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 80-94.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.32

• 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层形成环境、发育机理和成因模式 • 上一篇下一篇

深层致密碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带核带结构与断控储集体簇状发育模式:以塔里木盆地顺北4号断裂带为例

李映涛¹^,²(), 邓尚¹^,²^,^*(), 张继标¹, 林会喜¹, 刘雨晴¹, 邱华标¹, 黄诚², 刘大卫¹, 姚怿立¹

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
2.中国石化西北油田分公司, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2023-01-21 修回日期:2023-02-22 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通讯作者: * 邓尚(1987—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事构造地质与石油地质综合研究工作。E-mail: shang_deng@126.com
作者简介:李映涛(1986—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层地质学方面研究工作。E-mail: li_yingtao2813@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究(U19B6003);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目“克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂体系成因及控藏机制研究:以塔里木盆地为例(U21B2063)

Fault zone architecture of strike-slip faults in deep, tight carbonates and development of reservoir clusters under fault control: A case study in Shunbei

LI Yingtao¹^,²(), DENG Shang¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Jibiao¹, LIN Huixi¹, LIU Yuqing¹, QIU Huabiao¹, HUANG Cheng², LIU Dawei¹, YAO Yili¹

1. Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2. Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, ürümqi 830011, China

Received:2023-01-21 Revised:2023-02-22 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综合利用地震属性、常规/成像测井、取心标定以及生产动态资料,通过对顺北4号断裂带内部核带结构综合厘定与统计分析,开展走滑断裂断控型储层发育特征研究。研究结果表明,走滑断裂带核带结构决定了主要储层类型,分段构造样式控制了核带结构及其对应优势缝洞的发育部位。断裂带内部并非“连片”发育均质储集体,在单个断面的控制范围内,角砾带与裂缝带通常呈组系展布,规模储层之间夹持致密的基岩,整体构成簇状发育特征。不同类型分段内部,断面控制的核带结构也有各自的特点。压隆段活动强度大,内部钻井揭示的角砾带和裂缝带从数量和宽度上均具有明显优势,呈现出“多破碎带+多裂缝带”的特征。拉分段核带结构多发育在边界断面附近,内部核带结构欠发育,活动强度仅次于压隆段。平移段活动强度为3类分段中最弱,核带结构规模相对最小,单断面控制的裂缝带个数最少且间距最大。为了最大限度地动用有效储层以获得更高的单井产能,应根据不同分段类型各自核带结构的发育特点,有针对性地设计井轨迹,确保尽可能多地钻揭断裂带内部核带结构。结合单井单位压降产能分析表明,储集体规模并非控制单井产能的唯一因素,不同性质分段的储集体连通性可能是控制单井产能的另一个关键因素。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩储层, 核带结构样式, 走滑断裂, 簇状发育模式, 顺北油气田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Combining seismic attribute analysis, well/imaging logging, coring calibration, and production performance data analysis, the fault zone architecture of the Shunbei No. 4 fault zone is determined and statistically analyzed to obtain insights into the characteristics of reservoir development under strike-slip fault control. The results show that the type of reservoir rock space is determined by the fault zone architecture which, in turn, is controlled by the segmentation structural style of the fault zone, as are the locations of favorite fractures and caves. In fact, the development of reservoir rocks in the interior of the fault zone is highly inhomogeneous, as fault braccias and damage zones usually develop into clusters within a single seismic-scale fault plane, with wall rocks in between the fracture zones. The fault zone architecture differs under different segmentation structural styles (e.g., push-ups, pull-aparts, strike-slip, etc.). The push-up structure is characterized by high fracture intensity, with densely distributed fault breccias and fracture zones; whereas in the pull-apart structure fault braccias/fracture zones are mostly localized in fault plane boundaries where the fault zone architecture is less developed. In comparison, the strike-slip structure is characterized by lower fracture intensity and the least number of fault zones and greater spacing between them. To maximize the production of effective reservoirs and obtain higher single-well productivity, the well trajectory should be designed based on the fault zone architectural characteristics under different structural styles. As the productivity of a single well per unit pressure drop is taking into account, it is clear that the size of the reservoir is not the only factor controlling the single-well productivity but also the reservoir connectivity across different segments.

Key words: carbonate reservoir, fault zone architecture, strike-slip fault, cluster development, Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

李映涛, 邓尚, 张继标, 林会喜, 刘雨晴, 邱华标, 黄诚, 刘大卫, 姚怿立. 深层致密碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带核带结构与断控储集体簇状发育模式:以塔里木盆地顺北4号断裂带为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 80-94.

LI Yingtao, DENG Shang, ZHANG Jibiao, LIN Huixi, LIU Yuqing, QIU Huabiao, HUANG Cheng, LIU Dawei, YAO Yili. Fault zone architecture of strike-slip faults in deep, tight carbonates and development of reservoir clusters under fault control: A case study in Shunbei[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 80-94.

图/表 16

图1 高孔隙型与致密型碳酸盐岩断裂带变形特征与孔渗结构差异(据文献[19]修改)

Fig.1 Differences in deformation characteristics and porosity-permeability structures of high-porosity and tight carbonate fault zones. Modified after [19].

图2 塔里木盆地顺北地区及邻区走滑断裂体系分布

Fig.2 Distribution of strike-slip fault systems in Shunbei area and its surroundings in Tarim Basin

图3 顺北4号断裂带各层系平面展布特征 a— T 7 4相干图;b— T 7 4分段图;c— T 7 0相干图;d— T 5 6相干图。

Fig.3 Distribution characteristics of layers in the Shunbei No.4 fault zone

图4 顺北4号断裂带典型分段样式 a,a’—平移段;b,b’—强拉分段;c,c’—弱拉分段;d,d’—强压隆段;e,e’—弱压隆段。

Fig.4 Typical subsection style of Shunbei No.4 fault zone

图5 顺北47X井测井解释与核带结构标定示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of well logging interpretation and fault core - damage zone structure calibration in well Shunbei 47X

图6 顺北4号断裂带单井试井曲线缝洞响应特征

Fig.6 Fracture-cavity response characteristics of single well test curve in Shunbei No.4 fault zone

图7 顺北44X井断面内部取心结构特征

Fig.7 Structural characteristics of internal coring in the section of well Shunbei 44X

图8 顺北47X井过压隆段内部结构特征 a—顺北47X井区 T 7 4界面相干平面图;b—过顺北47X井地震剖面解析及录井信息标定;c—顺北47X井过断面测井解释地震标定;d—顺北47X井揭示断面内部核带结构地质模式。

Fig.8 Internal structural characteristics of compression section in well Shunbei 47X

图9 顺北4号断裂带不同分段典型钻井测井响应特征

Fig.9 Logging response characteristics of typical drilling in different segments of Shunbei No.4 fault zone

图10 顺北44X井过拉分段内部结构特征 a—顺北44X井区 T 7 4界面相干平面图;b—过顺北44X井地震剖面解析及录井信息标定;c—顺北44X井过断面测井解释地震标定;d—顺北44X井揭示断面内部核带结构地质模式。

Fig.10 Internal structural characteristics of tension section of well Shunbei 44X

图11 顺北46X井过平移段内部结构特征 a—顺北46X井区 T 7 4界面相干平面图;b—过顺北46X井地震剖面解析及录井信息标定;c—顺北46X井过断面测井解释地震标定;d—顺北46X井揭示断面内部核带结构地质模式。

Fig.11 Internal structural characteristics of the slip section of well Shunbei 46X

表1 顺北4号断裂带单井内部核带结构数据表

Table 1 Structure data table of inner fault core and damage zone structure of single well in ShunbeiNo.4 fault zone

图12 破碎角砾带和裂缝带相关统计数据

Fig.12 Statistics on broken breccia and fracture zones

表2 顺北4号断裂带不同分段类型内部核带结构数据统计表

Table 2 Statistical table of inner inner fault core and damage zone structure data of different segment types of ShunbeiNo.4 fault zone

图13 走滑断裂不同分段中单断面内簇状结构发育模式图 a—走滑断裂典型分段结构示意图;b—拉分段单断面内核带结构发育模式图;c—平移段单断面内核带结构发育模式图;d—压隆段单断面内核带结构发育模式图。

Fig.13 The development model of the cluster structure inside the strike-slip fault section

图14 不同核带结构内部井轨迹钻井效果差异 a—单核带结构内小角度侧钻揭示有利储层情况示意图;b—单核带结构内大角度侧钻揭示有利储层情况示意图;c—多核带结构内小角度侧钻揭示有利储层情况示意图;d—多核带结构内大角度侧钻揭示有利储层情况示意图。

Fig.14 Differences in drilling effects of internal well trajectories in different fault core and damage zone structure structures

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深层致密碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带核带结构与断控储集体簇状发育模式:以塔里木盆地顺北4号断裂带为例

Fault zone architecture of strike-slip faults in deep, tight carbonates and development of reservoir clusters under fault control: A case study in Shunbei

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