顺北地区四号断裂带奥陶系超深层油气地球化学特征与相态差异性成因

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

顺北地区4号断裂带奥陶系油气藏相态复杂,自NE向SW,油气藏相态的变化情况是挥发油藏—低气油比凝析气藏—高气油比凝析气藏—中等气油比凝析气藏。使用地球化学分析方法研究了顺北4号断裂带油气藏的地球化学特征,分析了相态差异性的成因。4号断裂带原油生标含量低甚至缺失,原油生源与1号断裂带原油生源相同。4号断裂带原油成熟度高于1号断裂带原油,等效反射率为1.14%~1.60%。4号断裂带天然气干燥系数由NE向SW 方向渐进增大,天然气成熟度为1.30%~1.70%。天然气中H₂S、CO₂含量由NE向SW方向呈现增加的趋势。全油色谱正构烷烃摩尔分数对数与正构烷烃碳数的关系表明,4号断裂带原油未遭受蒸发分馏作用;4号带原油金刚烷含量分布范围为27.26~523.31 μg/g,原油裂解作用程度为20.5%~95.8%,裂解程度较1号断裂带原油裂解作用高;SB4、SB41X-C和SB42X井原油硫代金刚烷含量为33.76~76.92 μg/g,表明这些油气藏发生了硫酸盐热化学还原(TSR)作用。顺北4号断裂带奥陶系油气藏相态变化与两个因素有关:一是4号断裂带地温梯度呈现两侧略低、中部较高的特点,这使得中部烃源岩生成的油气成熟度较高,中部油气藏原油裂解作用较强;二是中部及SW部油气藏发生了TSR作用,这导致油气藏中CO₂、H₂S和GOR(气油比)增加。

关键词: 油气藏相态, 次生改造, 顺北地区, 奥陶系, 超深层, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The phase behavior of the Ordovician ultra-deep reservoir fluid, No. 4 fault (F4), northern Shuntuoguole, is complex. From NE to SW, the fluid phase changes from volatile oil to condensate, with the solution GOR increasing from 358 m³/m³ to 3200 m³/m³ then decreasing to 1800 m³/m³. Using geochemical methods the geochemical characteristics of the reservoir fluid and the cause of its phase change were investigated. It was found that while the biomarker concentrations in oil from F4 were low to non-measurable, the source rocks were similar for oils from F1 and F4; and oil from F4, with R_c of 1.14%-1.60%, was of higher maturity. For natural gas from F4, its dryness coefficient showed an increasing trend from NE to SW, with R_c ranging between 1.3%-1.7%, while its CO₂ and H₂S contents showed the same spatial variation trend. The reservoir fluid experienced no evaporative fractionation as inferred from the relationship between the mole fraction and carbon number of n-alkanes. In F4, the concentration of diamondoids in oil ranged between 27.26-523.31 μg/g, indicating 20.5%-95.8% thermal cracking which is higher than in F1; while the concentration of thiodiamondoids in oil from wells SB4, SB41X-C and SB42X ranged between 33.76-76.92 μg/g, suggesting occurrence of thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR). Thus, two factors contributed to the phase change in F4: one is geothermal gradient, where relatively strong thermal gradient in the middle compared to either sides of the fault led to high-maturity oil and gas generation and high degree of cracking in the middle of the fault; the other is TSR, which took place in the middle and SW of the fault and further increased CO₂, H₂S and GOR.

Key words: reservoir fluid phase, secondary alteration, North Shuntuoguole area, Ordovician, ultra-deep, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

马安来, 漆立新. 顺北地区四号断裂带奥陶系超深层油气地球化学特征与相态差异性成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 247-262.

MA Anlai, QI Lixin. Geochemical characteristics and phase behavior of the Ordovician ultra-deep reservoir fluid, No.4 fault, northern Shuntuoguole, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 247-262.

图/表 20

图1 顺北地区构造位置图

Fig.1 Tectonic map of northern Shuntuoguole, Tarim Basin

表1 原油物性及全油碳同位素

Table 1 Physical properties and 13C composition of crude oil samples from wells, F4, northern Shuntuoguole

井号	井深/m	层位	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	黏度/ (mPa·s)	蜡含量/ %	硫含量/ %	凝固点/ ℃	GOR/ (m³·m^-3)	油气藏温度/℃	δ¹³C_全油/ ‰
MS3^a		O₂yi	0.796 0					358
MS1^*	7 509.50~7 665.62	O₂yj	0.793 6	1.358 9	12.3	0.13		536	162
SB44X	7 493.49~7 882.55	O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.790 2	2.037	3.60	0.039	-12	795	165	-31.7
SB41X	7 529.70~7 632.84	O₂yj	0.784 3	1.90	7.64	0.075 3	-2			-31.5
SB41X-C	7 531.00~7 984.10	O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.759 2	1.34	1.74	0.374	-24	2 888	168	-30.2
SB4	7 777.00~7 950.00	O₂yj	0.825 4	3.40	2.08	0.413	-10	3 200		-29.4
SB42X	7 422.00~7 635.00	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.772 7	1.43	8.66	0.176	-12	2 394	157	-31.3

表2 顺北地区四号断裂带奥陶系油气藏pVT数据

Table 2 pVT data for Ordovician reservoirs, F4

井号	生产井段深度/m	层位	油气藏压力/ MPa	油气藏温度/ ℃	生产气油比/ (m³·m^-3)	露点压力/ MPa	地露压差/ MPa	临界压力p_c/ MPa	临界温度/ ℃	临界蒸发压力p_m/ MPa	临界凝析温度T_m/ ℃	凝析油含量/ (g·m^-3)
MS3^*		O₂yj	84.05	150.3				29.46	310.5	36.59	415
SB41X-C	7 531.00~7 984.10	O₂yj+O_1-2y	92.51	168.1	2 670	37.54	54.97	22.04	-42.2	40.15	319.5	230.33
SB42X	7 462.00~7 635.00	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	86.85	158.81	2 568	46.58	40.27	38.52	-7.4	48.07	376.7	245.15
SB4-1H	7 397.00~7 935.5	O₂yj+O_1-2y	86.18	163.81	1 616	43.64	42.54	13.72	-110.35	45.336	335.89	306.75

图2 顺北地区4号断裂带奥陶系油气藏流体pVT相图

Fig.2 pVT diagrams for the Ordovician reservoir fluid, F4

图3 顺北地区4号断裂带油气藏流体组分三角图 A—凝析油气藏;B—挥发性油藏;C—黑油油藏;D—低蒸发油藏;E—干气藏。

Fig.3 Phase diagram of the reservoir fluid, F4

图4 顺北地区4号断裂带原油全油气相色谱图

Fig.4 Whole-oil chromatograms of the studied oil samples from F4

表3 4号断裂带原油全油色谱参数及>nC11正构烷烃含量

Table 3 Whole-oil n-alkane (n>11) parameters and contents in the studied oil samples, F4

井号	层位	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	n $C 21 -$ /n $C 22 +$	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/ (nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	>nC₁₁含量/ (mg·g^-1)
MS3	O₂yj	0.91	0.32	0.41	4.96	2.64	97.45
MS1	O₂yj	1.01	0.34	0.40	4.82	2.66	99.91
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.08	0.25	0.27	5.69	3.38	97.64
SB41X	O₂yj	1.25	0.28	0.27	4.82	2.97	133.44
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.23	0.19	0.20	9.15	4.02	92.64
SB4	O₂yj	1.63	0.17	0.12	8.19	3.87	119.98
SB4	O₂yj	1.40	0.14	0.13	12.77	5.56	120.29
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.20	0.31	0.32	7.07	3.29	83.49

表3 4号断裂带原油全油色谱参数及>nC11正构烷烃含量

Table 3 Whole-oil n-alkane (n>11) parameters and contents in the studied oil samples, F4

井号	层位	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	n $C 21 -$ /n $C 22 +$	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/ (nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	>nC₁₁含量/ (mg·g^-1)
MS3	O₂yj	0.91	0.32	0.41	4.96	2.64	97.45
MS1	O₂yj	1.01	0.34	0.40	4.82	2.66	99.91
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.08	0.25	0.27	5.69	3.38	97.64
SB41X	O₂yj	1.25	0.28	0.27	4.82	2.97	133.44
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.23	0.19	0.20	9.15	4.02	92.64
SB4	O₂yj	1.63	0.17	0.12	8.19	3.87	119.98
SB4	O₂yj	1.40	0.14	0.13	12.77	5.56	120.29
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.20	0.31	0.32	7.07	3.29	83.49

图5 顺北地区4号断裂和1号断裂原油Pr/nC17-Ph/nC18(a)、DBT/P-Pr/Ph(b)比值关系图

Fig.5 Plots of Pr/nC17 vs. Ph/nC18 (a) and DBT/P vs. Pr/Ph (b) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

图6 顺北地区4号断裂带和1号断裂带原油二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃和芴系列组成三角图

Fig.6 Ternary plots (benzothiophene, fluorene and dibenzofuran series) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

表4 顺北4号断裂带原油成熟度参数

Table 4 Maturity parameters for the studied oil samples from F4

井号	H/%	I	MPI1	MPI2	F1	R_c1/%	R_c2/%	R_c3/%	MDR	R_c4/%	MAI/%	MDI/%	R_c5/%
MS3	38.21	2.47	1.31	1.57	0.64	1.18	1.52	1.27	31.84	1.81	74.08	43.57	1.50
MS1	38.81	2.53	1.29	1.54	0.63	1.17	1.53	1.26	37.22	1.85	74.66	42.87	1.48
SB44X	37.21	2.89	1.23	1.44	0.62	1.14	1.56	1.23	13.04	1.58	75.88	43.32	1.50
SB41X	44.61	3.15	0.82	0.89	0.48	0.89	1.81	0.91	2.22	1.11	73.16	45.68	1.55
SB41X-C	41.20	3.31	0.92	0.91	0.61	0.95	1.75	1.20	4.71	1.31	79.28	44.53	1.53
SB4	42.63	3.06	1.18	1.25	0.67	1.11	1.59	1.33	9.87	1.51	77.55	45.43	1.55
SB4	46.48	2.91	0.99	0.99	0.68	0.99	1.71	1.35	3.14	1.20	80.03	46.61	1.58
SB42X	42.20	2.76	0.98	1.05	0.59	0.99	1.71	1.16	3.22	1.21	77.47	47.08	1.59

图7 顺北地区4号断裂和1号断裂原油庚烷值和异庚烷的关系

Fig.7 Plot of heptane value vs. iso-heptane value of the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

图8 顺北地区4号断裂和1号断裂原油MAI、MDI之间的关系

Fig.8 Plot of MAI vs. MDI for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

表5 顺北4号断裂带天然气组成及干燥系数

Table 5 Alkane composition and dryness coefficient of the studied natural gas samples from F4

井号	层位	C₁ 含量/%	C₂ 含量/%	C₃ 含量/%	iC₄ 含量/%	nC₄ 含量/%	iC₅ 含量/%	nC₅ 含量/%	n $C 6 +$ 含量/%	CO₂ 含量/%	N₂ 含量/%	H₂S质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	干燥系数
MS1^*	O₂yj	82.41	5.89							3.77		4 767	0.890
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.33	5.20	2.18	0.61	0.92	0.31	0.30	0.09	4.25	3.57	19 526(6)	0.896
SB43X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.22	4.48	1.71	0.64	0.77	0.31	0.32	0.11	5.33	2.72	6 262(6)	0.910
SB4-9H	O_1-2y	83.45	4.20	1.23	0.28	0.33	0.08	0.07	0.005	5.92	3.25	16 157(9)	0.931
SB4-4H	O_1-2y	80.22	3.73	1.39	0.56	0.62	0.27	0.23	0.07	10.34	2.25	23 88(1)	0.922
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	79.67	3.79	1.11	0.34	0.40	0.19	0.15	0.09	11.69	2.45	8 255(9)	0.930
SB4-2H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.15	2.77	0.80	0.41	0.38	0.19	0.15	0.02	9.65	2.12	19 272(10)	0.946
SB4-7H	O_1-2y	83.70	3.04	0.77	0.24	0.22	0.07	0.045	0.085	9.71	2.11	19 998(7)	0.950
SB4	O₂yj	81.13	1.59	0.51	0.16	0.26	0.14	0.14	0.15	8.52	7.39	69 853(6)	0.965
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.74	2.75	0.90	0.33	0.40	0.17	0.16	0.04	9.24	3.03	27 085(6)	0.946
SB4-3H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.23	2.49	0.62	0.15	0.21	0.07	0.06	0.02	9.82	3.10		0.958
SB4-1H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	81.44	2.23	0.69	0.32	0.27	0.09	0.09	0.00	11.25	3.22	22 506(3)	0.957

表5 顺北4号断裂带天然气组成及干燥系数

Table 5 Alkane composition and dryness coefficient of the studied natural gas samples from F4

井号	层位	C₁ 含量/%	C₂ 含量/%	C₃ 含量/%	iC₄ 含量/%	nC₄ 含量/%	iC₅ 含量/%	nC₅ 含量/%	n $C 6 +$ 含量/%	CO₂ 含量/%	N₂ 含量/%	H₂S质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	干燥系数
MS1^*	O₂yj	82.41	5.89							3.77		4 767	0.890
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.33	5.20	2.18	0.61	0.92	0.31	0.30	0.09	4.25	3.57	19 526(6)	0.896
SB43X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.22	4.48	1.71	0.64	0.77	0.31	0.32	0.11	5.33	2.72	6 262(6)	0.910
SB4-9H	O_1-2y	83.45	4.20	1.23	0.28	0.33	0.08	0.07	0.005	5.92	3.25	16 157(9)	0.931
SB4-4H	O_1-2y	80.22	3.73	1.39	0.56	0.62	0.27	0.23	0.07	10.34	2.25	23 88(1)	0.922
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	79.67	3.79	1.11	0.34	0.40	0.19	0.15	0.09	11.69	2.45	8 255(9)	0.930
SB4-2H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.15	2.77	0.80	0.41	0.38	0.19	0.15	0.02	9.65	2.12	19 272(10)	0.946
SB4-7H	O_1-2y	83.70	3.04	0.77	0.24	0.22	0.07	0.045	0.085	9.71	2.11	19 998(7)	0.950
SB4	O₂yj	81.13	1.59	0.51	0.16	0.26	0.14	0.14	0.15	8.52	7.39	69 853(6)	0.965
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.74	2.75	0.90	0.33	0.40	0.17	0.16	0.04	9.24	3.03	27 085(6)	0.946
SB4-3H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.23	2.49	0.62	0.15	0.21	0.07	0.06	0.02	9.82	3.10		0.958
SB4-1H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	81.44	2.23	0.69	0.32	0.27	0.09	0.09	0.00	11.25	3.22	22 506(3)	0.957

图9 根据ln(C1/C2)和ln(C2/C3)划分4号断裂带天然气成因

Fig.9 Natural gas classification of No.4 fault from North Shuntuoguole area using ln(C1/C2) and ln(C2/C3)

图10 4号断裂带原油正构烷烃摩尔分数与碳数之间的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between the mole fraction and carbon number of n-alkanes in the studied oil samples from F4

图11 SB41X-C原油金刚烷系列化合物质量色谱图

Fig.11 Mass chromatograms of diamondoids (DDs) in oil from well SB41X-C

图12 顺北地区4号断裂带和1号断裂带原油(4-+3-)MD-C29 20R甾烷含量之间的关系

Fig.12 Plot of C29 20R vs. (4-+3-)MD (MD, methyldiamantane) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

图13 SB41X-C井原油硫代金刚烷质量色谱图

Fig.13 Mass chromatograms of thiadiamondoids (TDs) in oil from well SB41X-C

图14 顺北地区4号断裂和1号断裂原油中硫代金刚烷含量与(4-+3-)双金刚烷含量(a)、硫代金刚烷含量与天然气H2S质量浓度(b)的关系图

Fig.14 Plots of TDs vs. (4-+3-)MD in oil (a) and H2S in natural gas (b) from F1 and F4

图15 顺北4号断裂带原油与ZS1井原油单体烃碳同位素分布曲线

Fig.15 Evaluation of δ13C values of n-alkane carbons (35>n>11) for oils from F4 and well ZS1

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