考虑流固耦合作用的超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性表征:以塔里木盆地富满油田满深区块为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.33

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 301-312.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.33

• 碳酸盐岩储层裂缝研究 • 上一篇下一篇

考虑流固耦合作用的超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性表征:以塔里木盆地富满油田满深区块为例

蔡振忠¹^,²^,³(), 赵海涛¹^,²^,³, 王彭¹^,²^,³, 李静⁴, 徐国金⁴

1.中国石油塔里木油田公司, 新疆库尔勒 841000
2.中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000
3.新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000
4.中国石油大学(华东) 深层油气全国重点实验室, 山东青岛 266580

收稿日期:2023-11-15 修回日期:2024-06-25 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
作者简介:蔡振忠(1970—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发研究与管理工作。E-mail: zhenzhongcai@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972138);中国石油塔里木油田分公司揭榜挂帅项目(671023060003);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ16YJ02);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ16YJ04)

Characterization of Connectivity in Ultra-Deep Fractured-Caveate Reservoirs Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling: A Case Study of the Manfen Block in the Fuman Oil Field of the Tar Basin

CAI Zhenzhong¹^,²^,³(), ZHAO Haitao¹^,²^,³, WANG Peng¹^,²^,³, LI Jing⁴, XU Guojin⁴

1. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China
2. R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, CNPC, Korla 841000, China
3. Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Korla 841000, China
4. National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China

Received:2023-11-15 Revised:2024-06-25 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层埋藏深,压力高,储集空间复杂多样,流体流动渗流、自由流并存,储层连通性表征困难,而储层连通性的精确表征是寻找油气富集区、储量精确预测、井网优化和井位部署的关键所在。为此,以塔里木盆地富满油田超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象,考虑流固耦合作用,建立缝洞型储层应力-渗流-自由流耦合数学模型,采用岩石渗透率演化试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统开展了超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性研究。研究结果表明:随着围压、轴压的增加,岩石渗透率逐渐降低,岩石连通性减弱;低围压条件下,轴压对岩石渗透能力和连通性影响显著;随着裂缝开度和倾角的增加,储层连通性逐渐增强;裂缝连通溶洞能够显著改善储层连通性;随着溶洞体积的增加,流体流速与等效渗透率增大,显著改善储层连通性;而单纯增加溶洞数量,会减弱自由流(Stokes)效应,改善储层连通性效果不明显。研究成果可为深层碳酸盐岩储层精确评价,提高油气高效勘探开发效果提供技术支撑。

关键词: 超深层, 碳酸盐岩, 储层连通性, 岩石力学特性, 流固耦合作用

Abstract:

Ultra-deep fractured-cave carbonate reservoirs are buried at great depths, with high stresses, and possess complex and diverse storage spaces. Fluid flow and seepage coexist, making the characterization of reservoir connectivity challenging. Accurate characterization of reservoir connectivity is crucial for identifying oil and gas enrichment areas, predicting reserves precisely, optimizing well patterns, and planning well locations. Therefore, this study focuses on the ultra-deep fractured-cave carbonate reservoirs in the Fuman Oil Field of the Tarim Basin. Considering the effect of fluid-solid coupling, a coupled mathematical model of stress seepage and free flow in fractured-cave reservoirs was established. A systematic study on the connectivity of ultra-deep fractured-cave carbonate reservoirs was conducted using a combination of rock permeability evolution experiments and numerical simulations. The research results indicate that with the increase of confining stress and axial stress, rock permeability gradually decreases, leading to weakened rock connectivity. Under low confining stress conditions, axial stress significantly affects rock permeability and connectivity. As the fracture aperture and angle increase, reservoir connectivity gradually improves. Fracture-connected caves can significantly enhance reservoir connectivity. The fluid flow rate and equivalent permeability increase with the increase in cave volume, which greatly improves reservoir connectivity. However, simply increasing the number of caves weakens the free flow (Stokes) effect, resulting in a less significant improvement in reservoir connectivity. The research findings provide technical support for the precise evaluation of deep carbonate reservoirs and enhance the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.

Key words: ultra-deep reservoir, carbonate reservoir, reservoir connectivity, rock mechanical properties, fluid-solid coupling

中图分类号:

蔡振忠, 赵海涛, 王彭, 李静, 徐国金. 考虑流固耦合作用的超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性表征:以塔里木盆地富满油田满深区块为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 301-312.

CAI Zhenzhong, ZHAO Haitao, WANG Peng, LI Jing, XU Guojin. Characterization of Connectivity in Ultra-Deep Fractured-Caveate Reservoirs Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling: A Case Study of the Manfen Block in the Fuman Oil Field of the Tar Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 301-312.

图/表 14

图1 研究区区位及顶面构造图(中国石油塔里木油田,2023)

Fig.1 Study area location and top structure map (based on data from PetroChina Tarim Oilfield, 2023)

图2 岩心渗透率测试实验仪器及原理示意图 a—岩心渗透率演化试验测定仪;b—实验原理。

Fig.2 Experimental instrument and schematic diagram of core permeability test

表1 三向应力条件下岩心渗透率测试围压、轴压汇总表

Table 1 Summary of confining stress and axial stress in core permeability tests under tri-axial stress

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

表2 三向应力条件下岩心渗透率测试结果

Table 2 Core permeability test results under three-way stress

围压/MPa	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)
围压/MPa	σ=0 MPa	σ=5 MPa	σ=10 MPa	σ=15 MPa	σ=20 MPa	σ=25 MPa
5	0.620 2	0.434 2	0.369 9	0.300 2	0.251 7	0.202 5
10	0.437 8	0.344 1	0.273 4	0.213 0	0.167 5	0.132 1
20	0.287 3	0.221 2	0.182 3	0.130 6	0.093 2	0.065 3
30	0.201 3	0.151 4	0.118 0	0.084 7	0.060 0	0.031 5
40	0.134 3	0.106 0	0.074 7	0.062 5	0.039 4	0.020 8
50	0.095 3	0.075 9	0.060 3	0.049 3	0.037 0	0.020 6
60	0.079 6	0.063 1	0.050 9	0.041 6	0.032 3	0.020 5
70	0.077 9	0.063 0	0.047 0	0.037 7	0.030 2	0.020 3
80	0.077 6	0.063 0	0.048 7	0.037 5	0.030 0	0.020 3

图3 三向应力作用下岩心渗透率测试结果 a—不同围压下渗透率演化规律;b—不同轴压下渗透率演化规律;c—渗透率下降差值;d—渗透率拟合曲面。

Fig.3 Core permeability test results under tri-axial stress

图4 储层应力-渗流-自由流耦合数学方程建立流程

Fig.4 Flowchart for establishing the coupled mathematical equation of reservoir stress, percolation, and free flow

图5 储层岩石单元体受力示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of stress of reservoir rock unit

表3 数值模型基本参数汇总

Table 3 Summary of basic parameters of numerical model

参数	孔隙度/%	渗透率/ (10^-3μm²)	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	基岩密度/ (g·cm^-3)	滑移系数α_BJ
数值	4.3	0.62	0.297	34.18	2.68	1
参数	流体密度/ (g·cm^-3)	动力黏度/ (mPa·s)	最大主应力/MPa	垂向应力/MPa	最小主应力/MPa
数值	0.806	1.725	150	140	130

图6 数值模型尺寸示意图

Fig.6 Dimensions of the numerical model

图7 不同裂缝开度数值模拟结果 a—总达西流速分布;b—裂缝区渗流速度(截面A)。

Fig.7 Numerical simulation results with different frure apertures

图8 不同裂缝倾角数值模拟结果

Fig.8 Numerical simulation results under different fracture angles a—0°;b—30°;c—45°;d—85°。

图9 不同溶洞数量数值模拟结果 a—溶洞数量为1;b—溶洞数量为4;c—溶洞数量为9。

Fig.9 Numerical simulation results with different numbers of karst caves

图10 不同溶洞体积分数下数值模拟结果 a—溶洞体积分数0.014;b—溶洞体积分数0.028;c—溶洞体积分数0.056。

Fig.10 Numerical simulation results under different cave volume fractions

图11 缝洞型储层数值模拟结果 a—裂缝未连通溶洞;b—裂缝连通溶洞。

Fig.11 Numerical simulation results of fractured-cave reservoirs

参考文献 23

[1]	马永生, 蔡勋育, 云露, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北超深层碳酸盐岩油气田勘探开发实践与理论技术进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(1): 1-17. DOI
[2]	王清华, 杨海军, 汪如军, 等. 塔里木盆地超深层走滑断裂断控大油气田的勘探发现与技术创新[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 58-71.
[3]	倪新锋, 杨海军, 沈安江, 等. 塔北地区奥陶系灰岩段裂缝特征及其对岩溶储层的控制[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(6): 933-940. DOI
[4]	LI J, WANG H S, WU Z P, et al. Mesoscale migration of oil in tight sandstone reservoirs by multi-field coupled two-phase flow[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2024, 161: 106684.
[5]	何治亮, 朱成宏, 徐蔚亚, 等. 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩多类型储集体地震预测[J]. 地球物理学报, 2023, 66(1): 65-82.
[6]	王平, 潘文庆, 李世银, 等. 利用单井动态判识缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏多缝洞体: 以哈拉哈塘油田哈6井区为例[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2017, 38(3): 363-368.
[7]	李静, 彭成乐, 周汉国, 等. 基于显微红外光谱技术的岩石微观渗流特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(增刊1): 3184-3191.
[8]	耿甜, 吕艳萍, 巫波, 等. 缝洞型油藏储量评价方法及开发对策[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021, 28(6): 129-136. DOI
[9]	FADLELMULA F M M, KILLOUGH J, FRAIM M. TiConverter: a training image converting tool for multiple-point geostatistics[J]. Computers and Geosciences, 2016, 96: 47-55.
[10]	HØYER A S, VIGNOLI G, HANSEN T M, et al. Multiple-point statistical simulation for hydrogeological models: 3-D training image development and conditioning strategies[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2017, 21(12): 6069-6089.
[11]	刘军, 廖茂辉, 王来源, 等. 顺北油田顺北4号断裂带中段断控储集体连通性评价[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2023, 44(4): 456-464.
[12]	PU C S, JING C, HE Y L, et al. Multistage interwell chemical tracing for step-by-step profile control of water channeling and flooding of fractured ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(4): 679-688.
[13]	JING C, DONG X W, CUI W H, et al. Artificial neural network-based time-domain interwell tracer testing for ultralow-permeability fractured reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 195: 107558.
[14]	YANG H R, GUO K L, ZHU G W, et al. Application of trace substance tracer test method in low permeability reservoir-CQ oilfield[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 11309-11319.
[15]	KUMAR A, SETH P, SHRIVASTAVA K, et al. Integrated analysis of tracer and pressure-interference tests to identify well interference[J]. SPE Journal, 2020, 25(4): 1623-1635.
[16]	MANCHANDA R, SHARMA M M M, HOLZHAUSER S. Time-dependent fracture-interference effects in pad wells[J]. SPE Production and Operations, 2014, 29(4): 274-287.
[17]	SERRES-PIOLE C, PREUD’HOMME H, MORADI-TEHRANI N, et al. Water tracers in oilfield applications: guidelines[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2012, 98: 22-39.
[18]	雷裕红, 罗晓容, 张立宽, 等. 东营凹陷南斜坡东段沙河街组砂岩输导层连通性量化表征[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(4): 692-700. DOI
[19]	谢昕翰, 闫长辉, 赖思宇, 等. 塔河六区缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏井间连通类型研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2013, 13(34): 10284-10288.
[20]	康志宏, 陈琳, 鲁新便, 等. 塔河岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞系统流体动态连通性研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2012, 19(2): 110-120.
[21]	赵辉, 李伯英, 周玉辉, 等. 基于高速非达西渗流的断溶体油藏连通性预测模型[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(7): 1026-1034. DOI
[22]	MORENO G A, LAKE L W. On the uncertainty of interwell connectivity estimations from the capacitance-resistance model[J]. Petroleum Science, 2014, 11(2): 265-271.
[23]	ZENG X J, ZHANG W S, CHEN T, et al. Evaluating interwell connectivity in waterflooding reservoirs with graph-based cooperation-mission neural networks[J]. SPE Journal, 2022, 27(4): 2443-2452.

考虑流固耦合作用的超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性表征:以塔里木盆地富满油田满深区块为例

Characterization of Connectivity in Ultra-Deep Fractured-Caveate Reservoirs Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling: A Case Study of the Manfen Block in the Fuman Oil Field of the Tar Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 23

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

[1]	周伟, 马啸, 陈文毅, 高锐, 王雁, 胡大伟. 华北平原蓟县系雾迷山组碳酸盐岩热储岩体原位环境下力学特性研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 95-103.
[2]	董少群, 曾联波, 冀春秋, 张延兵, 郝静茹, 徐小童, 韩高松, 徐辉, 李海明, 李心琦. 超深层致密砂岩裂缝测井识别深度核方法[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 166-176.
[3]	韩鹏远, 丁文龙, 杨德彬, 邓光校, 王震, 马海陇, 吕晶, 耿甜. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝表征与主控因素分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 209-226.
[4]	李云涛, 丁文龙, 韩俊, 黄诚, 王来源, 孟庆修. 顺北地区走滑断裂带奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝分布预测与主控因素研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 263-287.
[5]	陈发家, 肖琼, 胡祥云, 郭永丽, 孙平安, 张宁. 典型岩溶小流域碳酸盐岩风化过程及其碳汇效应[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 449-459.
[6]	王俊鹏, 曾联波, 徐振平, 王珂, 曾庆鲁, 张知源, 张荣虎, 蒋俊. 成岩流体对超深致密砂岩储层构造裂缝充填及溶蚀改造的影响:以塔里木盆地克拉苏油气田为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 312-323.
[7]	马永生, 蔡勋育, 李慧莉, 朱东亚, 张军涛, 杨敏, 段金宝, 邓尚, 尤东华, 武重阳, 陈森然. 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层发育机理新认识与特深层油气勘探方向[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 1-13.
[8]	吴淳, 刘航宇, 芦飞凡, 刘波, 石开波, 何卿. 北京西山下苇甸中上寒武统风暴沉积特征及模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 110-124.
[9]	李丹, 常健, 邱楠生, 熊昱杰. 塔里木盆地台盆区超深层热演化及对储层的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 135-149.
[10]	鲁鹏达, 李泽奇, 田腾振, 吴娟, 孙玮, 乔占峰, 王永生, 刘树根, 邓宾. 四川盆地震旦系灯影组二段葡萄-花边结构成因及其对储层控制作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 14-31.
[11]	马安来, 漆立新. 顺北地区四号断裂带奥陶系超深层油气地球化学特征与相态差异性成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 247-262.
[12]	朱秀香, 曹自成, 隆辉, 曾溅辉, 黄诚, 陈绪云. 塔里木盆地顺北地区走滑断裂带压扭段和张扭段油气成藏实验模拟及成藏特征研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 289-304.
[13]	曾帅, 邱楠生, 李慧莉, 马安来, 朱秀香, 贾京坤, 张梦霏. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩超压差异分布研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 305-315.
[14]	陈强路, 马中良, 黎茂稳, 席斌斌, 郑伦举, 庄新兵, 袁坤, 马晓潇, 许锦. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系超深层液态烃演化与保存机制:来自模拟实验的证据[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 329-340.
[15]	孙科, 刘慧卿, 王敬, 刘人杰, 冯亚斌, 康志江, 张允. 深层碳酸盐岩缝洞介质应力敏感特性研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 351-364.

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80

轴压/MPa	围压/MPa
0	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
10	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
15	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
20	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
25	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80