化隆-循化盆地含水层沉积物地球化学特征及其对地下水氟富集的影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.10

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 526-538.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.10

• 表层地球系统与生态环境效应 • 上一篇下一篇

化隆-循化盆地含水层沉积物地球化学特征及其对地下水氟富集的影响

邢世平¹(), 吴萍²^,^*(), 胡学达¹, 郭华明¹^,^*(), 赵振², 袁有靖²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 水资源与环境学院/中国地质大学(北京) 地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.青海省环境地质勘查局青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司青海省环境地质重点实验室, 青海西宁 810007

收稿日期:2022-08-20 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-01-05
通讯作者: 吴萍,郭华明
作者简介:邢世平(1991—),男,博士,水文地质学专业。E-mail: spxing@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
青海省科学技术厅重点实验室创建平台建设专项(2021-ZJ-Y11);国家自然科学基金项目(42130509);国家自然科学基金项目(41825017)

Geochemical characteristics of aquifer sediments and their influence on fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Hualong-Xunhua basin

XING Shiping¹(), WU Ping²^,^*(), HU Xueda¹, GUO Huaming¹^,^*(), ZHAO Zhen², YUAN Youjing²

1. School of Water Resources and Environment/MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Lab of Geo-environment Qinghai Province, Qinghai 906 Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Environmental Geological Exploration Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China

Received:2022-08-20 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-01-05
Contact: WU Ping,GUO Huaming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在干旱-半干旱地区天然成因的高氟地下水严重影响饮用水安全。前人对高氟地下水的化学特征和形成过程已开展了大量研究,但是对高氟含水层沉积物特征及其地下水氟富集的影响机理尚不明确。本文以化隆-循化盆地黄河河谷高氟区含水层地下水和沉积物为研究对象,分析了地下水化学特征、含水层沉积物的元素组成和可溶组分、含水层沉积物总氟和可溶态氟含量,探究了沉积物地球化学特征对地下水氟富集的影响。结果表明,地下水F^-浓度为0.51~3.78 mg/L(平均值:1.38 mg/L),且随着井深的增加有增大的趋势。高氟地下水主要以Na⁺为主,且F^-浓度与Na⁺浓度呈显著的正相关关系。沉积物中总氟含量为460~1 030 mg/kg,可溶态氟的含量为0.53~19.9 mg/kg。萤石未达到饱和状态的地下水中,F^-与Ca²⁺的正相关关系表明萤石等矿物持续溶解向地下水中提供F^-,而地下水中F^-与Si和Al的正相关关系表明含氟硅酸盐风化也促进了地下水氟的富集。沉积物可溶态提取液和地下水pH值、 $HCO 3 -$ 以及Na⁺/Ca²⁺均与F^-浓度呈正相关关系,表明解吸以及离子交换是高氟地下水形成的重要水文地球化学过程。沉积物中可溶态氟与总铁、总锰的正相关关系表明,F^-的解吸来源于铁、锰氧化物矿物表面的吸附态氟。此外,地下水盐度对地下水氟的富集有着积极的影响。研究成果对揭示高氟地下水的形成机理具有重要意义。

关键词: 化隆-循化盆地, 高氟地下水, 沉积物, 地球化学特征, 水-岩相互作用

Abstract:

Natural occurrence of high-fluoride groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas seriously threatens the safety of drinking water. The chemical characteristics and formation processes of high-fluoride groundwater have been well studied, but the characteristics of high-fluoride aquifer sediments and their influence on the enrichment of groundwater fluoride remain unclear. This paper investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics of high fluoride groundwater and the elemental compositions and water-soluble components of high-fluoride aquifer sediments to reveal how sediment geochemical characteristics affect fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Yellow River Valley of the Hualong-Xunhua basin. The results showed that groundwater fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.51 to 3.78 mg/L (average 1.38 mg/L) and tended to increase with depth. Na⁺ was the major cation in the high fluoride groundwater and positively correlated with F^-. Total fluoride contents of sediments ranged from 460 to 1030 mg/kg, and water-soluble F^- contents ranged from 0.53 to 19.9 mg/kg. In groundwater at below fluorite saturation, a positive correlation between F^- and Ca²⁺ indicates that fluorite continues to dissolve and provides F^- to groundwater, and positive correlations between F^- and Si and F^- and Al illustrate that weathering of fluoride-containing silicate also promotes fluoride enrichment in groundwater. Positive correlations between F^- and pH, F^- and $HCO 3 -$ , and F^- and Na⁺/Ca²⁺ in both water-soluble extract of sediment and groundwater indicate that desorption and cation exchange are important hydrogeochemical processes in the formation of high-fluoride groundwater. Positive correlations between water-soluble F^- and total Fe/Mn in sediments suggest that desorbed F^- originated from Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluoride. Additionally, groundwater salinity had a positive impact on fluoride enrichment in groundwater. The results of this study are of great significance for revealing the genetic mechanisms of high fluoride groundwater.

Key words: Hualong-Xunhua basin, high fluoride groundwater, sediments, geochemical characteristics, water-rock interaction

中图分类号:

P641.3

邢世平, 吴萍, 胡学达, 郭华明, 赵振, 袁有靖. 化隆-循化盆地含水层沉积物地球化学特征及其对地下水氟富集的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 526-538.

XING Shiping, WU Ping, HU Xueda, GUO Huaming, ZHAO Zhen, YUAN Youjing. Geochemical characteristics of aquifer sediments and their influence on fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Hualong-Xunhua basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 526-538.

图/表 10

图1 研究区地理位置以及地下水和沉积物采样点分布图

Fig.1 The geographical location of the study area and groundwater and sediment sampling sites

图2 研究区地下水F-以及pH值随井深变化

Fig.2 Variation of F- and pH with depth in groundwater of the study area

图4 沉积物(钻孔ZK-1、ZK-2、ZK-3以及ZK-4)中元素组成(总Ca、总Mg、总Si、总Al、总Fe以及总Mn)随深度变化

Fig.4 Variations of elemental compositions (total Ca, total Mg, total Si, total Al, total Fe and total Mn) in the sediments (boreholes ZK-1, ZK-2, ZK-3, and ZK-4) with depth

图5 沉积物(钻孔ZK-1、ZK-2、ZK-3以及ZK-4)可溶组分提取液pH、电导率(EC)以及可溶组分含量随深度变化

Fig.5 Variations of pH and EC and component contents in water-soluble extraction of sediments (boreholes ZK-1, ZK-2, ZK-3, and ZK-4) with depth

图6 沉积物(钻孔ZK-1、ZK-2、ZK-3以及ZK-4)中总F(a)以及可溶态F-(b)含量随深度变化

Fig.6 Variations of total F (a) and water-soluble F- (b) in sediments (boreholes ZK-1, ZK-2, ZK-3, and ZK-4) with depth

图7 各钻孔沉积物中溶解态F-与各指标之间的关系

Fig.7 Relationships between water-soluble F- content and other components in sediments (boreholes ZK-1, ZK-2, ZK-3, and ZK-4)

图8 沉积物中总F与总Ca(a)、可溶态F-与总Fe(b)以及可溶态F-与总Mn(c)之间的关系

Fig.8 Relationships between total F- and total Ca (a), water-soluble F- and total Fe (b) and between water-soluble F- and total Mn (c) in sediments (boreholes ZK-1, Zk-2, ZK-3, and ZK-4)

图3 研究区地下水F-浓度与各指标之间关系图(注:在分析相关性的时候不考虑虚线框内的点)

Fig.3 The relationships between F- concentration and other components in groundwater of the study area

图9 研究区地下水F-与方解石饱和指数(SI方解石)(a)和白云石饱和指数(SI白云石)(b)之间的关系

Fig.9 Relationships between F- concentration and saturation indices of calcite (a) and dolomite (b) in groundwater of the study area

图10 地下水F-浓度与Na+/Ca2+(a)以及沉积物可溶组分中可溶态F-与可溶态Na+/Ca2+(b)之间的关系

Fig.10 Plots of F- concentration vs. Na+/Ca2+ ratio in groundwater (a) and water-soluble F- of sediments vs. water-soluble Na+/Ca2+ ratios of sediments (b)

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化隆-循化盆地含水层沉积物地球化学特征及其对地下水氟富集的影响

Geochemical characteristics of aquifer sediments and their influence on fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Hualong-Xunhua basin

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