白云石晶体结构和地球化学特征对沉积环境响应:以扬子地台晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组白云岩为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.16

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 68-79.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.16

白云石晶体结构和地球化学特征对沉积环境响应:以扬子地台晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组白云岩为例

杨志波¹^,²(), 季汉成¹^,²^,^*(), 鲍志东¹^,², 史燕青¹^,², 赵雅静¹^,², 向鹏飞¹^,²

1.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2023-01-17 修回日期:2023-06-06 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
通信作者: *季汉成(1966—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事储层地质学、沉积学等的研究。E-mail: jhch@cup.edu.cn
作者简介:杨志波(1995—),男,博士研究生,地质学专业。E-mail: 1132081603@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0603104);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1504101);中国石油化工股份有限公司重点科技项目(JP21005)

Dolomite crystal structure and geochemical characteristics in response to depositional environment: An example of dolomite from the Late Ediacaran Dengying Formation of the Yangzi Plateau

YANG Zhibo¹^,²(), JI Hancheng¹^,²^,^*(), BAO Zhidong¹^,², SHI Yanqing¹^,², ZHAO Yajing¹^,², XIANG Pengfei¹^,²

1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2023-01-17 Revised:2023-06-06 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受沉积环境的影响,在白云石形成过程中,其晶体结构与地球化学记录着相应的环境信息。本文以扬子地台晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组杨坝剖面为例,通过系统采样研究了白云石的晶体结构和地球化学特征,明晰了基于岩石学和地球化学特征的灯影组沉积环境演化,归纳出了白云石晶体结构、地球化学特征与形成环境的耦合关系。结果表明:(1)杨坝剖面灯影组主要发育叠层石、核形石、泡沫棉石及凝块石等4种微生物白云岩和少量的晶粒、颗粒及角砾白云岩,垂向发育多期的微生物白云岩叠置韵律层,主要为局限台地潮坪相-颗粒滩相。(2)地球化学分析表明,灯影组沉积演化过程为:一段主要为干旱气候、较高盐度的较浅水体,发育泥、粉晶白云岩沉积;二段下部水体加深、潮湿、低盐度,微生物白云岩最为发育;二段中上部水体总体相对较浅,湿度降低,盐度略增高;四段时水体先加深后迅速变浅,湿度逐渐降低,盐度亦逐渐增大。(3)研究区白云石晶体结构特征突显出典型的高Mg/Ca环境下流体参与形成,在干旱、高盐度的环境下,a/c值负偏,潮湿、低盐度的环境会导致晶胞参数a/c值正偏。有序度分布表明,随有序度的增加,a/c值逐渐靠近理想白云石。该结果不仅阐明准同生白云石晶体结构与形成环境关联,还揭示元古宇灯影组古海水环境特征。

关键词: 晶体结构, 地球化学特征, 沉积环境, 扬子地台, 灯影组

Abstract:

The crystal structure and geochemistry of dolomite in the Yangba section of the Late Ediacaran Dengying Formation on the Yangtze Platform are investigated to understand how they reflect the sedimentary environment in the paper. The study involves systematic sampling to analyze the evolution of the sedimentary environment based on petrological and geochemical characteristics. The research aims to elucidate the relationship between the crystal structure of dolomite, its geochemical properties, and the formation environment. The findings indicate the following: (1) The Yangba section of the Dengying Formation predominantly contains various types of microbial dolomite, including stromatolites, oncoids, foam asbestos, thrombolites, as well as some grain, particle, and breccia dolomite. The vertical sequence shows rhythmic layers of multi-stage microbial dolomite, primarily in restricted platform tidal flat and grain beach facies. (2) Geochemical analysis reveals that the Dengying Formation underwent sedimentary evolution in a shallow water environment characterized by arid conditions and high salinity, resulting in the deposition of mud and powder crystal dolomite. The lower part of the second section experienced deepening water conditions with increased humidity and lower salinity, leading to the prevalence of microbial dolomite. The middle and upper parts of the second section had relatively shallower water, decreasing humidity, and slightly higher salinity. In the fourth period, the water fluctuated between deepening and quick shallowing, accompanied by decreasing humidity and increasing salinity. (3) The dolomite crystal structure in the study area indicates the involvement of Mg²⁺-rich fluids. In arid, high salinity environments, there is a/c negative deviation, while in humid, low salinity conditions, there is a/c positive deviation. The order degree distribution suggests that a/c approaches ideal dolomite as the order degree increases. These results not only elucidate the connection between the crystal structure of contemporaneous dolomite and the formation environment but also provide insights into the ancient seawater environment of the late Proterozoic Dengying Formation.

Key words: crystal structure, geochemical characteristics, depositional environment, Yangtze Platform, Dengying Formation

中图分类号:

杨志波, 季汉成, 鲍志东, 史燕青, 赵雅静, 向鹏飞. 白云石晶体结构和地球化学特征对沉积环境响应:以扬子地台晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组白云岩为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 68-79.

YANG Zhibo, JI Hancheng, BAO Zhidong, SHI Yanqing, ZHAO Yajing, XIANG Pengfei. Dolomite crystal structure and geochemical characteristics in response to depositional environment: An example of dolomite from the Late Ediacaran Dengying Formation of the Yangzi Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 68-79.

图/表 8

图1 研究区地质概况综合图 a—剖面位置点;b—杨坝剖面岩性柱状图及采样位置。

Fig.1 Comprehensive geological survey map of the study area

图2 杨坝剖面灯影组野外典型白云岩岩石类型 (a)观音崖组砂岩与灯影组白云岩分界处,由底部的石英砂岩过渡到上部的白云岩;(b)厚层泥、粉晶藻白云岩(黄色方框),灯一段(黄色箭头指示顶部);(c)纹层白云岩,具有斗篷状、瓦状纹层结构,镜下特征见(d),灯二段;(d)纹层边界具有环带状结构,(c)中黄色方框位置;(e)藻纹层白云岩韵律层,灯二段;(f)葡萄状凝块石白云岩,呈现圈层结构的肾球、椭球以及不规则的球体特征,灯二段;(g)窗格构造凝块石白云岩,宏观上为斑状溶蚀孔分布,溶蚀边界呈现灰黑色,溶蚀孔道不均一,内部充填灰白色白云石,微观特征具有环带状纹层结构;(h)灯二段;(i)薄层泥质条带与中厚层泥晶白云岩互层,反应水体逐渐变深的沉积旋回,灯二段;(j)硅质砂屑白云岩,杨坝剖面,灯四段;(k)图j的显微镜下微观特征;(l)角砾白云岩,发育平直裂缝(黄色箭头处),杨坝剖面,灯四段;(m)灰黑色泥粉晶白云岩,块状构造,向上逐渐过渡到泥粉晶白云岩,镜下微观特征见图(n),灯四段;(n)泥粉晶白云岩,(m)中黄色方框位置。黄色正三角表示沉积水动力由强变弱。

Fig.2 Typical dolomite types of the Dengying Formation in Yangba profile

图3 杨坝剖面灯影组微生物白云岩镜下特征 (a)纹层状叠层石,杨坝剖面,灯二段;(b)凝块石,含葡萄花边,厚层环带纤维状介壳阴极发光下呈现暗红色,核部浅红色,壳间中-粗晶白云石呈现橙红色,且存在亮暗相间生长层理(图e);(c)泡沫绵石,球状、似球状藻粒,泥晶化边界,部分内部发生重结晶现象,粒间亮晶白云石充填,阴极发光下,泥晶边界呈现暗红色,粒间呈现橙红色,且具有环带状生长层理(图f);(d)核形石,次椭圆形为主,内部以泥晶组分为主,部分发生重结晶,壳层为富藻暗层和晶粒相间的同心圈层结构,长短轴比值中等。

Fig.3 Microscopic characteristics of microbial dolomite in the Dengying Formation of Yangba profile

图4 杨坝剖面灯影组地层柱状图

Fig.4 Comprehensive strata histogram of the Dengying Formation in the Yangba profile

图5 杨坝剖面灯影组白云岩晶体结构分布图左:晶胞参数(a/c);右:有序度。

Fig.5 Crystal structure distribution map of dolomite in the Dengying Formation of Yangba profile

图6 杨坝剖面灯影组白云岩地球化学柱状图

Fig.6 Geochemical histogram of dolomite in the Dengying Formation of the Yangba profile

图7 扬子地台区灯影组碳酸盐岩碳同位素对比图 a—据文献[37];b—据文献[16];c—据文献[38];d—据文献[36]。

Fig.7 Carbon isotope comparison of carbonate rocks in the Dengying Formation of the Yangtze Platform

图8 杨坝剖面灯影组白云岩晶体结构与地球化学特征交汇图

Fig.8 Intersection diagram of crystal structure and geochemical characteristics of dolomite in Dengying Formation of Yangba section

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白云石晶体结构和地球化学特征对沉积环境响应:以扬子地台晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组白云岩为例

Dolomite crystal structure and geochemical characteristics in response to depositional environment: An example of dolomite from the Late Ediacaran Dengying Formation of the Yangzi Plateau

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