四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带及伴生构造特征与演化

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.8

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 252-264.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.8

• 克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂构造理论 • 上一篇下一篇

四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带及伴生构造特征与演化

管树巍¹(), 梁瀚², 姜华¹, 付小东³^,⁴, 谷明峰³^,⁴, 雷明⁵, 陈涛⁴^,⁵, 杨荣军⁴^,⁵

1.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610041
3.中国石油杭州地质研究院, 浙江杭州 310023
4.中国石油勘探开发研究院四川盆地研究中心, 四川成都 610094
5.中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2022-07-07 修回日期:2022-07-27 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
作者简介:管树巍(1970—),男,高级工程师,主要从事含油气盆地构造分析工作。E-mail: guan@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0504);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0301);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0204);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2022DJ80)

Characteristics and evolution of the main strike-slip fault belts of the central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, and associated structures

GUAN Shuwei¹(), LIANG Han², JIANG Hua¹, FU Xiaodong³^,⁴, GU Mingfeng³^,⁴, LEI Ming⁵, CHEN Tao⁴^,⁵, YANG Rongjun⁴^,⁵

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China
3. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China
4. Research Center of Sichuan Basin, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Chengdu 610094, China
5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2022-07-07 Revised:2022-07-27 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据下—中三叠统嘉陵江组和雷口坡组膏盐岩层内的伴生构造及上震旦统灯影组台缘带被错动的位置、方向与距离,判定川中及北斜坡地区主干走滑断裂带的性质与分布规律。嘉陵江组和雷口坡组膏盐岩层内发育多排呈左阶排列的NW向雁列式构造,与深部(盐下)走滑断裂构成2种伴生组合。第1种组合主要发育在磨溪地区,膏盐岩层内的雁列式构造位于深部走滑断裂的正上方;第2种组合主要发育在北斜坡地区,膏盐岩层内的雁列式构造发育在2条主干走滑断裂带之间。根据这2种组合及灯影组台缘带的错动位置,共识别出6条主干走滑断裂带。在盆地整体演化格架的制约下,通过川中地区代表性生长构造的定量解析,将走滑断裂演化划分为3个阶段:(1)晚奥陶世—志留纪右行走滑阶段;(2)晚古生代—三叠纪走滑断裂沉寂阶段;(3)中侏罗世至今左行走滑阶段。其中,上震旦统灯影组二段台缘带呈现出有规律的向东逐段错动(错动距离20~40 km)的特征,可作为加里东期右行走滑活动的间接证据;川中及北斜坡地区在晚三叠世处于扬子地块北缘和雪峰山前陆盆地前缘隆起的隆后稳定地区,而中侏罗世以来周缘造山带的急剧隆升与差异性演化使得川中地区遭受持续的挤压和抬升,激发了基底断裂与早期走滑断裂的再次活动。

关键词: 膏盐岩层, 伴生构造, 雁列式构造, 灯影组台缘, 走滑断裂, 厚度域, 动力学背景, 川中地区

Abstract:

We identify the property and distribution of main strike-slip fault belts of central Sichuan Basin according to the characteristics of associated structures in the gypsum-salt rock layers of the Lower-Middle Triassic Jialingjiang and Leikoupo Formations, as well as the dislocation position, direction and distance of carbonate platform margins in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation. We find that large amounts of NW-trending en echelon folds and faults with dense distribution and left order arrangement are developed in the gypsum-salt rock layers. These en echelon faults and folds form two types of structural association with the deep (subsalt) strike-slip faults: one type is mainly developed in the Moxi area, where the en echelon structures situate right above the deep strike-slip faults; and the other type, with the en echelon structures distributed between the two strike-slip fault belts, is mainly developed in the slope area north of Moxi. According to the two structural types and the dislocation positions of the carbonate platform margins in the Dengying Formation, six main strike-slip fault belts are recognized in the central Sichuan Basin. Under the constraint of basin evolutionary frame, and based on the quantitative analysis of a representative growth structure between the Moxi and Gaoshiti areas, evolution of strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin is divided into three stages, i.e., stages of (1) right-lateral strike-slip fault activity in the Late Ordovician-Silurian, (2) no fault activity from the Late Paleozoic to Triassic, and (3) left-lateral strike-slip activity since the Middle Jurassic. The carbonate platform margins of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the central Sichuan Basin exhibit a regular step-by-step eastward dislocation with a distance of 20-40 km, which can be used as an indirect evidence for Caledonian right-lateral strike-slip activities. The central Sichuan Basin is located at the stable back-area of frontal uplifts in the northern upper Yangtze and Xuefeng foreland basins in the Late Triassic; however, due to rapid uplifts and differential evolution processes of orogenic belts around the Sichuan Basin, the central Sichuan area undergo compressional transformation and uplift since the Middle Jurassic, which triggers the strike-slip activities in the basement faults and early strike-slip faults.

Key words: gypsum-salt rock layer, associated structure, en echelon structure, platform margin of the Dengying Formation, strike-slip fault, thickness domain, dynamic background, central Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

管树巍, 梁瀚, 姜华, 付小东, 谷明峰, 雷明, 陈涛, 杨荣军. 四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带及伴生构造特征与演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(6): 252-264.

GUAN Shuwei, LIANG Han, JIANG Hua, FU Xiaodong, GU Mingfeng, LEI Ming, CHEN Tao, YANG Rongjun. Characteristics and evolution of the main strike-slip fault belts of the central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, and associated structures[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(6): 252-264.

图/表 10

图1 四川盆地断裂体系分区与分期特征(基底断裂位置引自文献[15])

Fig.1 Zoning and staging characteristics of fault systems in the Sichuan Basin. Locations of basement faults adapted from [15].

图2 四川盆地中部寒武系底断裂分布(a)与地层柱状图(b)

Fig.2 (a) Fault distributions in the base of the Lower Cambrian of and (b) stratigraphic column for the central Sichuan Basin

图3 左行力偶下的雁列式褶皱及其他伴生构造平面图(据文献[34]修改)

Fig.3 Geometry of en echelon folds in a left simple shear. Modified after [34].

图4 四川盆地中部主要走滑断裂带地震解释剖面(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.4 Interpreted seismic sections of the main strike-slip fault belts of the central Sichuan Basin (section location see Fig.1)

图5 磨溪—高石梯地区须家河组底界沿层相干属性(a)与左行力偶控制下的雁列断裂(b)(位置见图2a)

Fig.5 (a) Coherence attribute of the bottom of the Xujiahe Formation, and (b) en echelon faults controlled by left simple shear in the Moxi and Gaoshiti structural belts (see Fig.2a for location of the structural belts)

图6 北斜坡地区盐上、盐间与盐下相干体切片(位置见图2a)(a)、左行力偶控制的盐间雁列褶皱(b)及剖面构造特征(c)

Fig.6 (a) Coherence slices of supra-, intra-, and sub-salt sequences in the northern slop area (location see Fig.2a), (b) en echelon folds in salt bed controlled by left simple shear, and (c) structural characteristics in seismic section

图7 穿过磨溪走滑断裂带内NE向张性断裂的未解释剖面(a)与解释剖面(b)(剖面位置见图4a)

Fig.7 Uninterpreted (a) and interpreted (b) seismic sections across the NE-trending extensional faults in the Moxi strike-slip fault belt (see Fig.4a for section locations)

图8 磨溪与高石梯之间凹陷构造及20个层位的厚度域沉降量示意图(剖面位置见图4a)

Fig.8 Sag and thick-domain subsidence in 20 horizons between Moxi and Gaoshiti (section location see Fig.4a)

图9 磨溪与高石梯之间凹陷构造20个层位的缩短量与厚度域沉降量变化特征及构造意义

Fig.9 Variation characteristics of shortening and thick-domain subsidence in 20 horizons between Moxi and Gaoshiti

图10 四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带构造演化

Fig.10 Structural evolution of the main strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin

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四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带及伴生构造特征与演化

Characteristics and evolution of the main strike-slip fault belts of the central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, and associated structures

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