塔里木盆地富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区走滑断裂控储模式

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地台盆区深层海相油气勘探目标由层间岩溶向断控岩溶转变,并在处于坳陷区的富满地区发现了以走滑断裂为主控因素的断控型油田。富满地区储层特征与盆地内古隆起区、斜坡区均有不同,因此需要建立适合研究区的走滑断裂控储模式。本次研究通过高密度三维地震资料刻画了研究区走滑断裂的分布,利用岩心、测井、试井资料以及缝洞体识别技术明确了不同类型的储层分布,分析了研究区走滑断裂样式与差异变形对储层发育的影响,建立了走滑断裂控储模式。研究结果表明:(1)富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区储集空间主要由多期走滑构造破裂作用与岩溶作用形成的洞穴型、裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型与孔洞型空间组成;(2)走滑断裂活动性越强,断裂带宽度越大,储层发育规模越大,张扭段与压扭段断层破碎带型储层较平移段平面分布范围更广,纵向发育深度更大;(3)张扭段为汇水区,断裂联通性好,有利于大气流体下渗以及热流体上涌从而对储层进行溶蚀改造;压扭段为分流区,岩溶储层多发育于断裂带两侧,断裂开启程度低,受流体改造程度低于张扭段。

关键词: 走滑断裂, 储层, 富满地区, 阿满过渡带, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The exploration target for deep marine hydrocarbon in the platform basin area, Tarim Basin has changed from interlayer karst to fault-controlled reservoir, and a strike-slip fault- controlled oilfield is discovered in the Fuman depression area. The strike-slip fault and reservoir characteristics of the Fuman area differ from the paleo-uplift slope area of the basin. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a fault-control reservoir model for the study area. In this paper, the strike-slip fault system is described based on high-density 3D seismic data; the distribution pattern of different types of reservoirs is revealed by core, logging, and fracture-cavity recognition technology; the impact of strike-slip fault style and differential deformation on reservoir development is analyzed; and a strike-slip fault-control reservoir model is established. Here are the main conclusions: (1) The large carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation area of Fuman mainly contains cave, fracture-hole, fracture, and hole-pore type reservoirs formed by multi-stage strike-slip faulting and karstification. (2) Differential deformation of strike-slip faults controls the reservoir type and reservoir distribution by influencing the extent of the fracture zone and the fluid activity range—larger activity range corresponds to larger fracture zone, and reservoir development in the tenso- and compresso-shear sections is better than in the linear section. (3) The tenso-shear section is a catchment area with good fault connectivity conducive to meteoric water infiltration and thermal fluid upwelling for carbonate dissolution. The compresso-shear section, on the other hand, is a distributary area, where karst reservoirs developed mostly on the two sides of the fault zone, with relatively small fracture opening thus lesser fluid transformation compared to the tenso-shear section.

Key words: strike-slip fault, reservoir, Fuman area, Aman transition zone, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

王清华, 杨海军, 李勇, 吕修祥, 张银涛, 张艳秋, 孙冲, 欧阳思琪. 塔里木盆地富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区走滑断裂控储模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(6): 239-251.

WANG Qinghua, YANG Haijun, LI Yong, LÜ Xiuxiang, ZHANG Yintao, ZHANG Yanqiu, SUN Chong, OUYANG Siqi. Control of strike-slip fault on the large carbonate reservoir in Fuman, Tarim Basin—a reservoir model[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(6): 239-251.

图/表 15

图1 塔里木盆地中部构造单元及地层结构简图 a—研究区位置图;b—富满地区奥陶系地层柱状图;c—阿满过渡带过A-A’剖面东西向油气藏剖面图。

Fig.1 Tectonic sketch map and stratigraphic structural diagram of central Tarim Basin

图2 不同类型储层的成像测井特征 a—洞穴型,满深4井;b—裂缝-孔洞型,裂缝倾角35°~55°,满深4井;c—裂缝型,裂缝密集,倾角60°~75°,富源302H井;d—孔洞型,果勒301H井。

Fig.2 Imaging logging characteristics of different types of reservoirs

图3 洞穴型储层酸压曲线(a);洞穴型储层试井曲线(b)

Fig.3 Vapor-pressure (a) and well testing (b) curves for cave reservoir

图4 不同类型储层铸体薄片与岩心特征 a—沿构造裂缝扩溶及粒间溶孔,满深5井,7 607.81 m;b—沿裂缝串珠状溶孔,哈得27井,第4筒第26/82块;c—早期裂缝方解石全充填,晚期裂缝切割早期裂缝,或沿早期裂缝张开,并溶蚀扩大,哈得27井,第4筒第54/82块;d—构造缝,哈得27井,6 286.2 m;e—构造缝扩溶,哈得27井,6 286.2 m;f—沿雁列构造缝溶蚀,满深5井,7 608.12 m;g—溶洞充填物,角砾表面被溶蚀, 跃满22井,第1筒第8/25块;h—粒内溶孔、铸模孔,跃满2井,7 217.6 m;i—粒间溶孔及粒内溶孔、铸模孔,满深5井,7 607.81 m。

Fig.4 Cast thin-sections and core characteristics of different types of reservoirs

图5 裂缝-孔洞型储层酸压曲线(a); 裂缝-孔洞型储层试井曲线(b)

Fig.5 Vapor-pressure (a) and well testing (b) curves for fracture-hole reservoir

图6 裂缝型储层酸压曲线(a); 裂缝型储层试井曲线(b)

Fig.6 Vapor-pressure (a) and well testing (b) curves for fracture reservoir

图7 孔洞型储层酸压曲线(a);孔洞型储层试井曲线(b)

Fig.7 Vapor-pressure (a) and well testing (b) curves for hole-pore reservoir

图8 富满地区典型走滑构造样式

Fig.8 Typical strike-slip fault styles in Fuman area

图9 富满地区走滑断裂演化特征

Fig.9 Evolutionary characteristics of strike-slip faults in Fuman area

图10 FI17走滑断裂分段特征 a—满深区块一间房组顶面相干;b—走滑断裂分布(与a对应);c、d、e—FI17走断断裂不同段地震剖面。

Fig.10 Segmentation characteristics of the FI17 strike-slip fault

图11 FⅠ17断裂带自南向北微地貌幅度曲线图(a);FⅠ17断裂带自南向北一间房组断距绝对值与断裂带宽度图(b)

Fig.11 Micro geomorphic amplitude curve of the FⅠ17 fault zone from south to north (a) and plots of fault distance (absolute value) and fault zone width in the Yijianfang Formation of the FⅠ17 fault zone from south to north (b)

图12 储层分布特征 a—沿FⅠ17断裂地震剖面;b—沿FⅠ17断裂“双相控”反演剖面(与a对应);c—富满油田满深区一间房组—鹰山组2段均方根振幅属性图;d—沿FⅠ17断裂储层三维空间雕刻图。

Fig.12 Reservoir distribution characteristics

图13 塔里木盆地周边露头断裂破碎带结构特征 a—断层结构,硫磺沟剖面;b—断层破碎带,永安坝剖面;c—断层破碎带裂缝,蓬莱坝剖面;d—沿裂缝发育的洞穴,一间房剖面。

Fig.13 Structural characteristics of outcrop fault zone around Tarim Basin

图14 断层破碎带储层发育模式

Fig.14 Reservoir model of strike-slip fault fragmentation zone

图15 断控岩溶储层发育模式

Fig.15 Model of fault-controlled dissolution reservoir

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