塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系差异发育特征及成因机制探讨

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.31

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 95-109.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.31

• 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层形成环境、发育机理和成因模式 • 上一篇下一篇

塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系差异发育特征及成因机制探讨

刘雨晴¹(), 邓尚¹^,²^,^*(), 张继标¹, 邱华标¹, 韩俊², 何松高³

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
2.中国石化西北油田分公司, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-01-17 修回日期:2023-02-19 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通讯作者: * 邓尚(1987—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事石油天然气地质研究工作。E-mail: shang_deng@126.com
作者简介:刘雨晴(1990—),女, 博士, 副研究员,主要从事含油气盆地构造解析研究工作。E-mail: liuyqsmile@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U21B2063)

Characteristics and formation mechainism of the strike-slip fault networks in the Shunbei area and the surroundings, Tarim Basin

LIU Yuqing¹(), DENG Shang¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Jibiao¹, QIU Huabiao¹, HAN Jun², HE Songgao³

1. Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2. Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, ürümqi 830011, China
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2023-01-17 Revised:2023-02-19 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂体系滑移距小、变形弱、埋深大,其成因机制一直以来是构造领域研究的热点和难点问题。基于高密度三维地震新资料,开展了顺北及邻区系统编图和走滑断裂精细解析工作,对比解剖和明确了顺北东区和顺北西区走滑断裂体系的差异发育特征及活动规律,并探讨了其成因机制。结果表明:顺北东区发育约NE30°走向近平行主次级走滑断裂体系,深部主干走滑断裂变形强于次级走滑断裂且自西向东挤压程度增强,上覆雁列断层活动整体呈现自西向东增强的变化;顺北西区走滑断裂体系南北差异明显,北部以一组由塔北隆起向南延伸减弱的NW向断裂体系发育为主,南部以一组数量多、密度大、多期活动的约NE15°走向断裂发育为主。顺北地区走滑断裂体系“南北分区展布、东西差异活动、多段拼接生长”的发育特征,揭示其由多套形成于不同区域应力场下的走滑断裂体系分区差异展布并向腹部延伸对接而成,推测这与晚奥陶世盆缘受到多方向挤压的构造事件有关。

关键词: 分段结构, 分层变形, 成因机制, 走滑断裂体系, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Intracratonic strike-slip fault systems in the Tarim Basin are characterized by small displacement, low strain deformation and large burial depth. These attributes make it challenging to study the formation mechanism of these fault systems. Based on the recently obtained high-density 3D seismic data, 3D mapping and detailed analysis of strike-slip faults are conducted in Shunbei and its surrounding area. The distinct characteristics of fault array development in the east and west of the Shunbei area are analyzed and clarified, and the formation mechanism of the strike-slip arrays is also discussed. It was found that a set of ~30NE trending strike-slip faults, including the major and secondary strike-slip faults, are developed in eastern Shunbei. At depth, strike-slip deformation is stronger in the major faults than in the secondary faults, and the compressive strain increases gradually eastward in the major faults. In the shallow strata en echelon fault activity intensifies eastward. The strike-slip fault systems differ between the northwest and southwest of Shunbei. The northwest mainly develops a set of NW-trending faults spreading southward from the Tabei uplift, whereas in the southwest a set of ~15NE trending faults with high density and multistage activity are developed. The strike-slip fault systems in Shunbei are characterized by “north-south zonal distribution, east-west differential activity and multi segments coalescing growth”, indicating the fault systems consist of multiple sets of strike-slip faults formed in different areas under distinct regional stress fields and later coalesced in the interior Tarim Basin, and their formation is probably related to multi-directional compressional tectonic event at the basin boundaries in the Late Ordovician.

Key words: segmented structure, layered deformation, formation mechanism, strike-slip fault system, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

刘雨晴, 邓尚, 张继标, 邱华标, 韩俊, 何松高. 塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系差异发育特征及成因机制探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 95-109.

LIU Yuqing, DENG Shang, ZHANG Jibiao, QIU Huabiao, HAN Jun, HE Songgao. Characteristics and formation mechainism of the strike-slip fault networks in the Shunbei area and the surroundings, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 95-109.

图/表 12

图1 塔里木盆地顺北地区及邻区走滑断裂体系分布及地层格架(a,c引自文献[12])

Fig.1 Distribution of major faults in the Lower Paleozoic andthe Paleozoic strata in the Shunbei area and the surroundings. a and c adapted from [12].

图2 顺北东区T74界面相干切片(a)及构造解释(b)

Fig.2 Coherence slices of T74 reflecting interface forstrike-slip faults (a) and the interpretations (b) in the eastern Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

图3 顺北东区走滑断裂体系T74界面走滑分段(a)和叠接段数据对比(b)

Fig.3 Segments (a) and overlap zones characteristics (b) in the T74 reflecting interface of the strike-slip fault system in the east Shunbei area

图4 顺北东区走滑断裂压脊构造特征对比(b引自文献[23]) a—压脊构造剖面特征;b—压脊构造表征方法;c—压脊构造最大挤压程度。

Fig.4 The characteristics of pressure ridges of the strike-slip fault system in the eastern Shunbei area. b adapted from[23].

图5 顺北东区T70和T56界面相干切片及构造解释

Fig.5 Coherence slices of T70 and T56 reflecting interfaces for strike-slip faults and the interpretations in the eastern Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

图6 顺北东区次级走滑断裂深部变形特征

Fig.6 Atypical seismic profile showing deep deformation charactristics of the secondary strike-slip faults in the eastern Shunbei area

图7 顺北东区主干与次级走滑断裂T56界面雁列断层发育特征对比

Fig.7 Comparison of en echelon faults’ characteristics in T56 interface between the main and secondary strike-slip faults in the eastern Shunbei area

图8 顺北西区北部T74界面走滑断裂体系展布特征(部分相干引自文献[29])

Fig.8 Coherence slice of the T74 reflecting interface forstrike-slip faults and the interpretations in the northwestern Shunbei area. Part of coherence slice adapted from [29].

图9 顺北西区北部走滑断裂典型分段样式(剖面位置见图8b)

Fig.9 The profiles showing the characteristics of typical overlap zones of strike-slip faults in the northwestern Shunbei area (see Fig.8b for the location of profiles)

图10 顺北西区南部多层系走滑断裂展布特征

Fig.10 Coherence slices of various reflecting interfaces forstrike-slip faults and the interpretations in the southwestern Shunbei area

图11 顺北西区南部走滑断裂体系剖面发育特征(剖面位置见图10b’)

Fig.11 Atypical seismic profile showing muti-stages charactristics of the strike-slip faults in the southwestern Shunbei area (see Fig.10b’ for the location of the profile)

图12 顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系成因模式图

Fig.12 Schematic models showing the formation mechanism of the strike-slip fault network in the Shunbei area and the surroundings

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塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂体系差异发育特征及成因机制探讨

Characteristics and formation mechainism of the strike-slip fault networks in the Shunbei area and the surroundings, Tarim Basin

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