鄂西宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组页岩破碎气地球化学特征及其对页岩含气性的指示意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.41

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 14-27.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.41

• 寒武系页岩含气性主控因素 • 上一篇下一篇

鄂西宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组页岩破碎气地球化学特征及其对页岩含气性的指示意义

孟康¹(), 邵德勇¹, 张六六², 李立武³, 张瑜¹, 罗欢², 宋辉¹, 张同伟⁴^,^*()

1.西北大学地质学系, 大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
2.兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃兰州 730000
4.Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA

收稿日期:2022-04-02 修回日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-04-27
通讯作者: 张同伟
作者简介:孟康(1994—),男,博士研究生,主要从事非常规页岩油气研究。E-mail: mengkang17@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国南方寒武系页岩有机质、流体和孔隙演化耦合机制研究”(41730421)

Geochemical characteristics of residual gas released from crushed shale from the Shuijingtuo Formation in Yichang, western Hubei—indication for gas-bearing capacity of shale

MENG Kang¹(), SHAO Deyong¹, ZHANG Liuliu², LI Liwu³, ZHANG Yu¹, LUO Huan², SONG Hui¹, ZHANG Tongwei⁴^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2. School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
3. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4. Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA

Received:2022-04-02 Revised:2022-05-10 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-04-27
Contact: *张同伟(1965—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事石油、天然气地质地球化学及成藏地球化学研究工作。 E-mail: tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文选取鄂西宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩岩心样品13块,开展破碎气测试分析,并结合TOC含量、矿物组成含量以及邻近地区高氮气井—秭地1井的解吸气特征,综合探讨鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩气中氮气成因和富集机理。结果表明,研究区水井沱组页岩样品破碎气含量为1.45~14.75 μL.STP/g,变化大,主要受控于页岩中碳酸盐矿物丰度;破碎气以氮气和甲烷为主,相对含量分别为7.92%~86.27%和10.10%~90.88%,且氮气含量明显受控于页岩中TOC含量和黏土矿物含量,并与页岩破碎气含量呈良好的负相关关系。破碎气主要保存在方解石、白云石、黏土矿物及有机质封闭孔隙中,高—过成熟阶段有机质中氮和铵基黏土矿物中氮的释放是水井沱组富有机质页岩中氮气的主要来源。此外,持续性构造抬升剥蚀等地质过程不仅可能造成页岩气散失,还会导致氮气的相对富集。结合我国南方不同地区古生界海相页岩气中氮气含量和氮同位素组成特征的对比分析发现,寒武系页岩气中氮气含量(2.69%~98.92%)远高于下志留统龙马溪组页岩气(0.01%~9.30%)。鄂西宜昌地区水井沱组页岩气中氮气δ¹⁵N_N2相较于其他地区明显偏重(Δ¹⁵N_N2=1.5‰~12.7‰),可能与铵基黏土矿物高温热裂解成因氮气有关。

关键词: 页岩气, 氮气, 地球化学特征, 破碎气, 宜昌地区, 水井沱组

Abstract:

In this paper, 13 shale samples from the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation of well Liuxi ZK003, Yichang area, western Hubei Province were collected for the degassing experiment where residual shale gas released from the crushed shale samples were analyzed. Combined with results on TOC content and mineral composition in shale samples as well as characteristics of desorbed nitrogen-rich shale gas from adjacent area (well ZD1), the origin and source of nitrogen in the Cambrian shale gas were discussed. The total residual gas content in shale samples ranged between 1.45-14.75 μL.STP/g, varying greatly according to the abundance of carbonate minerals. The residual gas was dominated by nitrogen and methane with relative respective abundances of 7.92%-86.27% and 10.10%-90.88%, where the nitrogen abundance was obviously controlled by TOC and clay mineral contents in shale and negatively correlated with residual gas content. The residual gas was mainly hosted in the closed pores of calcite, dolomite, clay minerals and organic matter; whilst nitrogen released from organic matter and amino-clay minerals, under increasing thermal maturation, was the main source of nitrogen in the organic-rich shale formation. In addition, geological processes such as continuous tectonic uplift and denudation might not only cause shale gas leakage, but also lead to nitrogen enrichment in shale. The comparison of nitrogen contents and nitrogen isotopic compositions in Lower Paleozoic marine shale gas from different regions of southern China revealed that the nitrogen content in Cambrian shale gas (2.69%-98.92%) was much higher compared to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation (0.01%-9.30%), and the ¹⁵N_N2 value in the Shuijingtuo shale gas was obviously higher compared to other areas (¹⁵N_N2=1.5‰-12.7‰). This enrichment of nitrogen might be related to nitrogen released from high temperature pyrolysis of amino-clay minerals.

Key words: shale gas, nitrogen, geochemical characteristics, residual gas, Yichang area, Shuijingtuo Formation

中图分类号:

P593

孟康, 邵德勇, 张六六, 李立武, 张瑜, 罗欢, 宋辉, 张同伟. 鄂西宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组页岩破碎气地球化学特征及其对页岩含气性的指示意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(3): 14-27.

MENG Kang, SHAO Deyong, ZHANG Liuliu, LI Liwu, ZHANG Yu, LUO Huan, SONG Hui, ZHANG Tongwei. Geochemical characteristics of residual gas released from crushed shale from the Shuijingtuo Formation in Yichang, western Hubei—indication for gas-bearing capacity of shale[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(3): 14-27.

图/表 12

图1 宜昌地区构造简图(a)和流溪ZK003井岩性柱状图(b) (构造简图据文献[10]修改) 1—第四系;2—古-新近系;3—白垩系;4—侏罗系;5—三叠系;6—泥盆系—二叠系;7—志留系;8—寒武系—奥陶系;9—南华系—震旦系;10—元古宇;11—主要断裂;12—推测断裂;13—构造边界;14—基底;15—页岩气井;16—采样点。

Fig.1 (a) Simplified geological map of the Yichang area (modified after [10]) showing the location of sampling sites, and (b) lithologic column of well Liuxi ZK003

图2 岩石样品脱气分析装置示意图 1—RCD—高真空电磁破碎器;2—DP—薄膜真空计;3—GC—气相色谱仪;4—V1~V8—高真空阀门1~8。

Fig.2 Experimental setup for rock degassing

图3 渝东南地区酉阳剖面牛蹄塘组页岩破碎气平行实验气体组分及含量对比

Fig.3 Comparison of relative abundances (b) and contents (b) of gas components in residual gas from four parallel degassing experiments on crushed shales from the Niutitang Formation, Youyang section, southeastern Chongqing

图4 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩破碎气气体组分及含量

Fig.4 Gas compositions in residual gas release from crushed shale samples

图5 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩破碎气校正后气体组分及含量

Fig.5 Contents (a) and relative abundances (b) of gas components in residual gas released from crushed shale samples after corrections for atmospheric and water contamination

图6 页岩残余气赋存位置模式图

Fig.6 Modes of residual gas occurrences within pores of shale rock

图7 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩破碎气含量与页岩TOC、矿物含量相关关系

Fig.7 Correlations between residual gas content and (a) TOC or (b-d) mineral contents in shale samples

图8 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩TOC含量、主要矿物成分及破碎气含量纵向变化特征

Fig.8 TOC, main mineral and residual gas profiles for the Shuijingtuo shale formation

图9 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井水井沱组页岩TOC含量和黏土矿物含量交汇图

Fig.9 Cross-plot of TOC and clay contents in shale samples

图10 宜昌地区流溪ZK003井和秭地1井水井沱组页岩气中N2含量与破碎气量/解吸气量相关关系

Fig.10 Correlation between N2 content and residual/desorbed gas contents in the Shuijingtuo shale formation of wells Liuxi ZK003 (blue dot) and Zidi 1 (orange dot), Yichang area

图11 我国南方下古生界典型海相页岩气井分布(a)及氮气相对含量对比(b) (图a底图据文献[51]修改)

Fig.11 (a) Distribution of typical Lower Paleozoic marine shale gas wells in southern China (basemap modified from [51]), and (b) comparison of nitrogen contents in shale gas from different regions

图12 我国南方下古生界海相页岩气中氮气成因鉴别(底图参数来源于文献[58])

Fig.12 Identification of nitrogen origin for Lower Paleozoic marine shale gas in southern China (basemap parameters modified after [58])

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鄂西宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组页岩破碎气地球化学特征及其对页岩含气性的指示意义

Geochemical characteristics of residual gas released from crushed shale from the Shuijingtuo Formation in Yichang, western Hubei—indication for gas-bearing capacity of shale

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