鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩过剩钡成因及其对有机质富集的指示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.34

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 66-82.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.34

• 寒武系页岩地质、地球化学特征 • 上一篇下一篇

鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩过剩钡成因及其对有机质富集的指示

罗欢¹(), 邵德勇², 孟康², 张瑜², 宋辉², 闫建萍¹, 张同伟³^,^*()

1.兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院, 甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
3.Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78713, USA

收稿日期:2022-04-06 修回日期:2022-04-30 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-04-27
通信作者: *张同伟(1965—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事石油、天然气地质地球化学及成藏地球化学研究工作。E-mail: tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu
作者简介:罗欢(1995—),男,博士研究生,地球化学专业。E-mail: luoh17@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国南方寒武系页岩有机质、流体和孔隙演化耦合机制研究”(41730421)

Origin of excess barium in the Cambrian shale of Yichang area, western Hubei, and its implication for organic matter accumulation

LUO Huan¹(), SHAO Deyong², MENG Kang², ZHANG Yu², SONG Hui², YAN Jianping¹, ZHANG Tongwei³^,^*()

1. Gansu Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
3. Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78713, USA

Received:2022-04-06 Revised:2022-04-30 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-04-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对鄂西宜昌地区鄂阳页1井(EYY1)寒武系底部岩家河组和水井沱组下部的总有机碳(TOC)、总无机碳(TIC)、微量元素(Ba、U、Th)和稀土元素分析,并结合前人对中上扬子地区7个位于不同沉积环境区寒武系剖面的研究结果和已有数据报道,讨论了寒武系水井沱组富有机质页岩中过剩钡(Ba_过剩)的成因、来源及其对海洋古生产力水平的指示。结果表明,中上扬子地区寒武系富有机质页岩普遍富集Ba_过剩,而且从浅水内陆棚到深水外陆棚——大陆斜坡,再到热水沉积区,寒武系页岩的Ba_过剩富集程度趋于增加,反映了与古陆物源区的距离远近以及古地理背景对Ba_过剩富集的控制。寒武系富有机质页岩中所富集的Ba_过剩有热液成因和生物成因两种来源,Ba_过剩-Eu异常图版可用于推测其主要来源:黔北—湘西北地区所处的热水沉积区内Ba_过剩含量极高(>10 000 μg/g),具有显著的正Eu异常,且Ba_过剩与Eu异常值具有正相关性,指示Ba_过剩主要为热液成因,其含量变化反映了热液活动的强度;鄂西地区和黔南地区Ba_过剩含量相对较高(5 000~10 000 μg/g),四川盆地西部Ba_过剩含量相对较低(<1 000 μg/g),而且都不具备正Eu异常,指示Ba_过剩为生物成因,其含量变化与古生产力水平有关。与中上扬子其他地区寒武系页岩的TOC含量、U/Th值及Ba_过剩富集程度的综合对比表明,宜昌地区较高的古生产力水平和强还原条件为有机质的来源和保存提供了物质基础和有利条件,共同决定了寒武系水井沱组页岩有机质的富集。

关键词: 中上扬子地区, 寒武系, 水井沱组, 鄂阳页1井, 富有机质页岩, 过剩钡, 稀土元素

Abstract:

We analyzed the total organic and inorganic carbon, trace elements, and rare earth elements in shale samples from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe and lower Shuijingtuo Formations of well EYY1, Yichang area, western Hubei Province. Combining with already published studies and data on other 7 Cambrian sections in the middle-upper Yangtze region, we discussed the origin and source of excess barium (Ba_ex) in the organic-rich Cambrian Shuijingtuo shale and their implications for paleo-productivity. According to our analysis, there is a general barium enrichment in the organic-rich Cambrian shale of the middle-upper Yangtze region. The Ba_ex level increases from the shallow-water inner shelf to the deepwater outer shelf and slope then to the hydrothermal depositional area, which implies that the Ba_ex level increase is controlled by the distance from terrigenous source and by the paleo-geographic background. The excess Ba is of hydrothermal or biogenic origins, and the Ba_ex-Eu anomaly plot can be utilized to infer its main source. The Ba_ex levels are extremely high (>10000 μg/g) in the hydrothermal depositional regions across northern Guizhou to northwest Hunan, with obvious positive Eu anomalies in these regions. The anomaly values are positively correlated with Ba_ex levels, indicating that Ba_ex is mainly of hydrothermal origin and change in Ba_ex reflects the intensity of hydrothermal activity. In contrast, the Ba_ex levels are not as high (5000-10000 μg/g) in western Hubei and southern Guizhou and relatively low (<1000 μg/g) in the western Sichuan Basin, where no positive Eu anomalies are present in these regions, indicating Ba_ex is of biogenic origin and change in Ba_ex is related to paleo-productivity level. By comparing TOC contents, U/Th ratios, and Ba_ex levels in Cambrian shales from different areas of middle-upper Yangtze, we found the Yichang area has a relatively high paleo-productivity level and strong reducing depositional environment, which provides rich organic source and favorable preservation conditions for organic matter accumulation in the Cambrian Shuijingtuo shale formation.

Key words: middle-upper Yangtze region, Cambrian, Shuijingtuo Formation, EYY1 well, organic-rich shale, excess barium, rare earth elements

中图分类号:

P595

罗欢, 邵德勇, 孟康, 张瑜, 宋辉, 闫建萍, 张同伟. 鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩过剩钡成因及其对有机质富集的指示[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(3): 66-82.

LUO Huan, SHAO Deyong, MENG Kang, ZHANG Yu, SONG Hui, YAN Jianping, ZHANG Tongwei. Origin of excess barium in the Cambrian shale of Yichang area, western Hubei, and its implication for organic matter accumulation[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(3): 66-82.

图/表 11

图1 鄂西宜昌地区地质简图(据文献[11]修改)

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of Yichang area, western Hubei Province. Modified after [11].

图2 寒武纪第二世(521~509 Ma)初期中上扬子地区古地理图(据文献[34]修改)

Fig.2 Paleo-geographic map of the middle-upper Yangtze region in the Early Cambrian Epoch 2 (521-507 Ma). Modified after [34].

表1 中上扬子地区寒武系剖面信息汇总表

Table 1 Basic information on the studied Cambrian sections in the middle-upper Yangtze region

编号	剖面名称	剖面位置	古地理背景	采样层位	样品总数^*	寒武系第二统富有机质段厚度^***/m	富有机质段内样品数	参考文献
1	沙滩剖面	四川南江	浅水内陆棚	郭家坝组下部	26	32(28~60 )	10	[1]
2	W201	四川威远	浅水内陆棚	筇竹寺组下部	20	30(2 820~2 790 )	5	[4]
3	N206	四川长宁	资阳—长宁裂陷槽内部	筇竹寺组下部	10	31(1 890~1 859 )	7	[4]
4	EYY1	湖北宜昌	深水外陆棚	岩家河组和水井沱组下部	64	63(3 057~2 994 )	43	本研究
5	YK1	重庆酉阳	深水外陆棚 (靠近热水沉积区)	牛蹄塘组	53^**	37(62~25 )	42^*****	[2]
6	GMD1	贵州湄潭	热水沉积区	牛蹄塘组	44	110(1 709~1 599 )	37	[5]
7	松桃剖面	贵州松桃	热水沉积区	九门冲组下部	14	>16^****(44~60 )	10	[1]
8	TX1	贵州岑巩	大陆斜坡	牛蹄塘组	17	42(1 817~1 775 )	10	[5]

表2 鄂西宜昌地区鄂阳页1井(EYY1)剖面地球化学测试结果

Table 2 Geochemical analysis results for samples from the EYY1 section

图3 鄂西宜昌地区鄂阳页1井(EYY1)剖面地球化学测试结果

Fig.3 Stratigraphic column diagram and geochemical proxies profiles profiles for the EYY1 section

图4 中上扬子地区寒武系第二统富有机质页岩对比图

Fig.4 Stratigraphic correlation of organic-rich shale formations ( blue shaded area) of Cambrian Series 2 in the middle-upper Yangtz region

图5 中上扬子地区寒武系第二统页岩全岩Ba与Th含量半对数交会图

Fig.5 Log-linear plot of whole rock Ba and Th contents in shales for Baex assessment

图6 用于区分富有机质页岩中Ba过剩来源的Ba过剩-Eu异常判别图版投点样品均选自各剖面寒武系第二统富有机质段。

Fig.6 Baex-Eu anomaly chart for the identification of Baex source in organic-rich shale

图7 鄂阳页1井(EYY1)剖面岩家河组上部(即2层)钙质页岩中的自形重晶石单偏光,样品EYY1-178(3 059.70 m,w(Ba)=32 541.90 μg/g)。

Fig.7 Euhedral barite in the upper Yanjiahe Formation (bed 2) of the EYY1 section

图8 鄂阳页1井(EYY1)剖面水井沱组富有机质段下部(3层下部)的Ba过剩异常富集样品中的重晶石脉体

Fig.8 Vein barite in sample with abnormally high Baex level from the lower part of organic-rich interval of the Shuijingtuo Formation, EYY1 section (lower part of bed 3)

图9 中上扬子地区各剖面寒武系第二统富有机质段内TOC含量、U/Th值、Ba过剩含量和Eu异常值箱型图

Fig.9 Box plots of TOC contents, U/Th ratios, Baex levels, and Eu anomaly values in Cambrian Stage 2 shale samples from different areas of the middle-upper Yangtze region

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鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩过剩钡成因及其对有机质富集的指示

Origin of excess barium in the Cambrian shale of Yichang area, western Hubei, and its implication for organic matter accumulation

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