相山铀矿尾矿区植物—根际土壤稀土元素和铀、钍生物富集特征

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.18

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 474-489.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.18

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇

相山铀矿尾矿区植物—根际土壤稀土元素和铀、钍生物富集特征

董姝¹^,²(), 刘海燕¹^,²^,^*(), 张一帆¹^,², 王振¹^,², 郭华明³, 孙占学¹^,², 周仲魁¹^,²

1.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 江西南昌 330032
2.东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 江西南昌 330032
3.中国地质大学(北京) 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-01-17 修回日期:2024-03-09 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-25
通信作者: 刘海燕
作者简介:董姝(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水文地球化学研究工作。E-mail: 1278968432@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42262029);国家自然科学基金项目(42302284);江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB203066);江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB213068);江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBG71011)

Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements, uranium and thorium in plant-rhizosphere soil in Xiangshan uranium tailings areas

DONG Shu¹^,²(), LIU Haiyan¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Yifan¹^,², WANG Zhen¹^,², GUO Huaming³, SUN Zhanxue¹^,², ZHOU Zhongkui¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330032, China
2. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330032, China
3. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-03-09 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-25
Contact: LIU Haiyan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文采集了相山铀矿尾矿库不同地方(库内、坝上和库下游)8种优势植物及其根际土壤,通过野外实地调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了植物根、茎、叶、穗和根际土壤REEs及U、Th的生物地球化学行为。结果表明,植物稀土元素总量(∑REEs含量)总体表现为根际土壤>根>茎和叶(穗)。归一化结果显示,库内植物根与根际土壤具有相似的重稀土元素(HREEs)富集、铕(Eu)负异常配分模式,坝上及下游则演变平坦配分模式且铈(Ce)负异常,茎、叶和穗出现轻稀土元素(LREEs)富集配分模式,指示REEs在土壤—根体系及植物体内转运过程中发生了分异。根际土壤DTPA萃取实验表明HREEs优先于LREEs被生物吸收利用,且Gd的生物有效性相对于其他REEs更差。Person相关分析表明土壤pH、Fe、Mn矿物吸附和有机质是影响REEs生物有效性的重要因素;灰色关联分析显示U、Th和REEs在根际土壤与根中的灰色关联度普遍大于叶茎穗,指示土壤U和Th对REEs含量的影响在根中大于叶茎穗。芒萁叶REEs的富集系数(BCF=6.09)和转运系数(TF=8.25)均大于1,茎和根部的转运系数和富集系数也优于其他植物,指示芒萁可作为REEs的环境修复植物,水稻的根部对REEs和Th、U均有较强的富集作用,可作为植物联合修复的考虑对象。

关键词: 铀矿山, 根际土壤, 稀土元素, 铀和钍, 富集分异

Abstract:

Eight dominant plants and their rhizosphere soils were collected from different parts of the Xiangshan uranium tailings areas (in the tailing pond, on the dam, and downstream of the tailing pond). The bioaccumulation behavior and spatial isomerism characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs), uranium (U), and thorium (Th) in the roots, stems, leaves, spikes, and rhizosphere soils of the plants were studied through field investigation and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the total REE (∑REEs) contents were highest in the rhizosphere soils, followed by the roots, stems, and leaves (spikes). REE normalization indicated that, for plants in the pond, the roots exhibited similar patterns to the rhizosphere soils, showing enrichment of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and a negative europium (Eu) anomaly. In contrast, for plants collected from the dam and downstream of the pond, the roots and rhizosphere soils had relatively flat patterns with a negative cerium (Ce) anomaly, while the stems, leaves, and spikes showed enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs). This indicated that fractionation of REEs occurred during the transport from soils to roots in the soil-root systems and within the plant tissues. A DTPA extraction experiment with the rhizosphere soils showed that HREEs were preferentially taken up by plants compared to LREEs, and the bioavailability of gadolinium (Gd) was lower than that of other REEs. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that soil pH, Fe/Mn mineral adsorption, and organic matter were important factors affecting the bioavailability of REEs. Grey correlation analysis showed that the grey correlation coefficients of U, Th, and REEs were generally higher between rhizosphere soil and root as compared to those between rhizosphere soil and leaf, stem, and spike, reflecting that the influence of soil U and Th concentration on REEs was greater in root than that in leaf stem, and spike. The REEs Bioconcentration Factor (BCF=6.09) and Translocation Factor (TF=8.25) of Dicranopteris dicthotoma leaves were both greater than 1, and BCF and TF of its stems and roots were also higher than other plants. This indicated that Dicranopteris dicthotoma could be used as an accumulator for REEs. The rice roots were strongly accumulated with REEs, Th and U, which meat that rice could be considered as the candidate for joint-contamination phytoremediation.

Key words: uranium mine, rhizosphere soil, rare earth elements, uranium and thorium, enrichment and fractionation

中图分类号:

董姝, 刘海燕, 张一帆, 王振, 郭华明, 孙占学, 周仲魁. 相山铀矿尾矿区植物—根际土壤稀土元素和铀、钍生物富集特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 474-489.

DONG Shu, LIU Haiyan, ZHANG Yifan, WANG Zhen, GUO Huaming, SUN Zhanxue, ZHOU Zhongkui. Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements, uranium and thorium in plant-rhizosphere soil in Xiangshan uranium tailings areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 474-489.

图/表 10

图1 研究区相山火山盆地地质构造图(a)和采样分布图(b)(a据文献[30] 修改)

Fig.1 Study area: (a) Geological structure of Xiangshan Volcanic Basin (modified after [30]); (b) Sampling locations

表1 植物样品及其名称

Table 1 Sampled plants and their names

植物编号	采样位置	植物名称
ZW1	尾矿库内	石菖蒲
ZW2		蕨菜
ZW3		芨芨草
ZW4	尾矿库坝上	芒萁
ZW5	尾矿库坝上	皱叶酸模
ZW6	尾矿库坝下	小蓬草
ZW7	尾矿库坝下	翅果菊
ZW8	坝下农田	水稻

图2 植物样品图 a—石菖蒲;b—蕨菜;c—芨芨草;d—芒萁;e—皱叶酸模;f—小蓬草;g—翅果菊;h—水稻。

Fig.2 Photos of plant sample ((a): Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma; (b): Pteridium aquilinum; (c): Achnatherum splendens;(d): Dicranopteris dichotoma; (e): Rumex crispus; (f): Erigeron canadensis; (g): Lactuca indica; (h): Oryza sativa)

表2 植物样品REEs和U、Th含量

Table 2 Contents of REEs, U and Th in plants samples

植物名称	植物部位	元素含量/(mg·kg^-1)
植物名称	植物部位	U	Th	∑REEs	∑LREEs	∑HREEs
石菖蒲	叶	3.70	1.85	3.49	2.32	1.17
	茎	4.74	2.52	3.40	1.94	1.46
	根	78.7	5.73	9.20	5.17	4.03
	根际土壤	208	92.4	205.12	139.92	65.21
蕨菜	叶	0.39	0.25	1.11	0.94	0.17
	茎	1.27	0.34	0.65	0.45	0.20
	根	197	59.6	67.29	36.37	30.92
	根际土壤	458	293	390.7	224.3	166.4
芨芨草	穗	0.40	0.18	2.16	1.72	0.44
	叶	0.56	0.24	0.58	0.41	0.17
	茎	0.29	0.12	0.34	0.26	0.08
	根	653	20.1	23.89	11.24	12.65
	根际土壤	1 050	149	258.8	164.41	94.39
芒萁	叶	0.20	0.16	1 973.04	1 490.8	482.24
	茎	0.15	0.11	239.14	217.30	21.83
	根	1.10	2.24	171.16	119.13	52.03
	根际土壤	7.24	26.0	324.18	270.88	53.30
皱叶酸模	叶	1.0	0.23	2.06	1.12	0.95
	茎	0.41	0.21	0.89	0.61	0.28
	根	20.6	15.8	21.0	12.77	8.23
	根际土壤	257	219	347.5	240.8	106.7
小蓬草	叶	1.19	1.05	24.08	18.84	5.24
	茎	0.56	0.13	5.70	4.23	1.47
	根	24.9	3.07	132.03	85.06	46.98
	根际土壤	78.6	46.6	748.3	509.9	238.4
翅果菊	叶	1.98	1.63	47.81	38.41	9.40
	茎	0.14	0.05	6.18	4.88	1.30
	根	3.85	3.46	104.09	76.96	27.14
	根际土壤	23.2	28.2	588.4	443.7	144.7
水稻	叶	0.51	0.15	6.2	4.62	1.58
	茎	0.38	0.89	21.49	17.62	3.87
	根	3.3	13.0	286.6	234.2	52.39
	根际土壤	5.22	19.5	446.2	345.3	100.9
全国表层土壤背景值		3.03	13.75	187.9	143.2	37.2
江西表层土壤背景值		4.19	20.71	228.9	176.12	55.88

图3 研究区8种植物样品各部分平均上陆壳标准化REEs归一化模式 a—石菖蒲;b—蕨菜;c—芨芨草;d—芒萁;e—皱叶酸模;f—小蓬草;g—翅果菊;h—水稻。

Fig.3 UCC-normalized REEs patterns for different organs of the eight plants in study area ((a): Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma;(b): Pteridium aquilinum; (c): Achnatherum splendens; (d): Dicranopteris dichotoma; (e): Rumex crispus; (f): Erigeron canadensis;(g): Lactuca indica; (h): Oryza sativa)

图4 研究区8种植物样品REEs和U、Th总含量 a—石菖蒲;b—蕨菜;c—芨芨草;d—芒萁;e—皱叶酸模;f—小蓬草;g—翅果菊;h—水稻。

Fig.4 Total REEs (ΣREEs) contents of different organs of eight plants in study area ((a): Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma;(b): Pteridium aquilinum; (c): Achnatherum splendens; (d): Dicranopteris dichotoma; (e): Rumex crispus; (f): Erigeron canadensis;(g): Lactuca indica; (h): Oryza sativa)

图5 DTPA-REEs的根际土壤归一化模式

Fig.5 Soil-normalized REEs patterns for DTPA extracted REEs

图6 土壤pH以及总碳TC、REEs、U和Th含量(以S表示)与DTPA萃取REEs、U 和Th含量(以D表示)Pearson相关分析图

Fig.6 Pearson correlation analysis of soil pH, total carbon (TC), REEs, U and Th contents (represented by S) and DTPA extracted REEs, U and Th contents (represented by D)

图7 灰色关联分析

Fig.7 Grey correlation analysis

图8 富集系数与转运系数分布图((a)、(c)、(e)为∑REEs和U、Th的富集系数分布图,(b)、(d)、(f)为转运系数分布图)

Fig.8 Distribution diagram of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) ((a), (c), (e): BCF of ∑REEs and U, Th; (b), (d), (f): TF of ∑REEs and U, Th)

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相山铀矿尾矿区植物—根际土壤稀土元素和铀、钍生物富集特征

Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements, uranium and thorium in plant-rhizosphere soil in Xiangshan uranium tailings areas

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