南秦岭地区下寒武统黑色页岩赋存的千家坪大型钒矿地球化学特征及成矿环境

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.13

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 160-175.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.13

• 稀贵稀散金属成矿构造背景及成矿规律 • 上一篇下一篇

南秦岭地区下寒武统黑色页岩赋存的千家坪大型钒矿地球化学特征及成矿环境

徐林刚¹^,²(), 付雪瑞¹, 叶会寿³, 郑伟³, 陈勃⁴, 方正龙⁴

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.自然资源部战略性金属矿产找矿理论与技术重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037
4.陕西华源矿业有限责任公司, 陕西商洛 726000

收稿日期:2021-04-25 修回日期:2021-06-22 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-22
作者简介:徐林刚(1981—),博士,副教授,主要从事矿床学与同位素地球化学研究。E-mail: xulingang@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972072);中国地质大学(北京)拔尖青年教师创新能力培养项目(2-9-2019-051)

Geochemical composition and paleoceanic environment of the Lower Cambrian black shale-hosted Qianjiaping vanadium deposit in the southern Qinling Region

XU Lingang¹^,²(), FU Xuerui¹, YE Huishou³, ZHENG Wei³, CHEN Bo⁴, FANG Zhenglong⁴

1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory & Technology of Critical Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
3. Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4. Shaanxi Huayuan Mining Co., Ltd., Shangluo 726000, China

Received:2021-04-25 Revised:2021-06-22 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南秦岭地区下寒武统黑色页岩是我国主要的富钒层位,其中千家坪大型钒矿是典型代表。矿体主要赋存在水沟口组第一岩性段的碳硅质岩石中。为了探讨钒矿的成矿物质来源和南秦岭早寒武世古海洋氧化-还原环境,本文对水沟口组第一岩性段富钒碳硅质岩和上覆的第二岩性段泥质灰岩开展了岩石地球化学研究。第一岩性段碳硅质岩比第二岩性段泥质灰岩具有更高的Y/Ho比值,说明碳硅质岩主要为海水自生沉积形成的,而泥质灰岩的物质组成主要来自陆源碎屑。Eu/Eu^*与V含量不具备正相关关系,且Y/P₂O₅-Zr/Cr和Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)图解均显示钒矿主要是海水沉积形成的,热液作用对成矿元素的富集贡献很小。水沟口组样品Ce/Ce^*均为负异常,变化范围为0.26~0.96,第一岩性段钒矿石比第二岩性段泥质灰岩具有高Mo/Sc、V/Sc、V/Cr比值,低Th/U比值的特征,反映了早寒武世早期南秦岭为氧化-还原分层的古海洋结构,而晚期古海洋则全部被氧化。

关键词: 千家坪钒矿, 微量元素, 稀土元素, 矿床成因, 氧化-还原环境, 南秦岭

Abstract:

The Qianjiaping vanadium (V) deposit is a typical Lower Cambrian black shale-hosted V deposit in the Southern Qinling Region. Vanadium mineralization in the Qianjiaping deposit mainly occurs in multilayered cherts with carbonaceous shale in the 1st member of the Shuigoukou Formation. To better understand the origin of vanadium and redox environment in Early Cambrian seawater in South Qinling, we report in this study the bulk geochemical compositions of the V-rich carbonaceous shale from the 1st member and the overlying muddy limestone from the 2nd member of the Shuigoukou Formation. The Y/Ho ratio is higher in the multilayered chert-mudstone samples than in the muddy limestone samples, indicating a dominant authigenic origin for V in the 1st member, whereas in the 2nd member V may be mostly derived from detrital components. Discrimination plots, Eu/Eu^*-V, Y/P₂O₅-Zr/Cr and Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn), suggest V mineralization is mainly by precipitation from ambient seawater, while hydrothermal fluids plays a minor role. All samples showed negative Ce anomaly, ranging from 0.26-0.96. Together considering the comparatively high Mo/Sc, V/Sc, V/Cr and low Th/U ratios in the 1st member, we infer a redox stratified ocean during the early Early Cambrian in the Southern Qinling Region, which became entirely oxygenated during the late Early Cambrian.

Key words: Qianjiaping vanadium deposit, trace element, REE, ore genesis, redox environment, Southern Qinling Region

中图分类号:

徐林刚, 付雪瑞, 叶会寿, 郑伟, 陈勃, 方正龙. 南秦岭地区下寒武统黑色页岩赋存的千家坪大型钒矿地球化学特征及成矿环境[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 160-175.

XU Lingang, FU Xuerui, YE Huishou, ZHENG Wei, CHEN Bo, FANG Zhenglong. Geochemical composition and paleoceanic environment of the Lower Cambrian black shale-hosted Qianjiaping vanadium deposit in the southern Qinling Region[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 160-175.

图/表 13

图1 南秦岭地区区域地质图 (据文献[7,21]修改)

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of the southern Qinling Region on the margin of the Yangtze Platform. Modified after [7, 21].

图2 南秦岭千家坪钒矿矿区地质图 (据文献[13])

Fig.2 Geological map of the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit. Adapted from [13].

图3 南秦岭千家坪钒矿矿体剖面图

Fig.3 Cross-section of the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit in the southern Qinling Region

图4 南秦岭千家坪钒矿矿体特征 a—条带状钒矿石;b—条带状矿石中夹泥质岩透镜体;c—钒矿层中赋存的磷结核;d—第一岩性段条带状矿石与第二岩性段泥质灰岩接触带。

Fig.4 Field photos showing geological features of the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

图5 千家坪钒矿岩(矿)石典型手标本及显微结构 a—第二岩性段泥质灰岩;b—细晶方解石和石英共生;c—第一岩性段碳硅质岩夹泥岩型矿石;d—微晶石英与碳质黏土矿物互层;e—第一岩性段泥岩型矿石;f—微晶石英与黏土矿物共生。

Fig.5 Photos and photomicrographs of typical hand specimen of vanadium ore and host rock from the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

图6 千家坪钒矿地层剖面图及采样位置图

Fig.6 Stratigraphic column of the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit and sampling locations

表1 千家坪钒矿水沟口组样品主量和部分微量元素分析结果

Table 1 Major and (selected) trace element compositions of samples from the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

表2 千家坪钒矿水沟口组样品稀土元素分析结果

Table 2 Rare earth element compositions of samples from the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

图7 千家坪钒矿剖面Th与Y/Ho (a),Y与Y/Ho (b)关系图解

Fig.7 Correlations between Th and Y/Ho (a) and Y and Y/Ho (b) for samples from the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

图8 千家坪钒矿剖面水沟口组第二岩性段(a)和第一岩性段(b)样品标准化稀土元素配分模式图 (澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩值引自文献[29]; 现代海水值引自文献[34])

Fig.8 PAAS-normalized REE+Y distribution patterns in samples from the 2nd (a) and 1st (b) member of the Shuigoukou Formation

图9 千家坪钒矿水沟口组第二岩性段(a)和第一岩性段(b)Al2O3含量与∑REE关系图

Fig.9 Al2O3-∑REE binary plots for samples from the 2nd (a) and 1st (b) member of the Shuigoukou Formation in the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

图10 千家坪钒矿成矿物质来源判别图解 (b、c、d底图引自文献[42])

Fig.10 Discriminant plots for sediments with hydrothermal and hydrogenous origins. Basemaps in b, c and d adapted from [42].

图11 千家坪钒矿水沟口组氧化-还原沉积环境判别图

Fig.11 Discriminant plots for redox conditions during the deposition of the Shuigoukou Formation in the Qianjiaping vanadium deposit

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南秦岭地区下寒武统黑色页岩赋存的千家坪大型钒矿地球化学特征及成矿环境

Geochemical composition and paleoceanic environment of the Lower Cambrian black shale-hosted Qianjiaping vanadium deposit in the southern Qinling Region

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