四川大梁子富锗铅锌矿床的控矿构造样式及成矿机制研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.5.1

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 143-159.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.5.1

• 稀贵稀散金属成矿构造背景及成矿规律 • 上一篇下一篇

四川大梁子富锗铅锌矿床的控矿构造样式及成矿机制研究

孔志岗¹(), 张斌臣², 吴越³, 张长青⁴, 刘益¹, 张锋⁵, 李杨林¹

1.昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南昆明 650093
2.重庆市地质调查院, 重庆 401122
3.长江大学环境与资源学院, 湖北武汉 430100
4.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
5.陕西省洛南县自然资源局, 陕西商洛 726100

收稿日期:2021-04-21 修回日期:2021-07-02 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-22
作者简介:孔志岗(1980—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事区域成矿学研究。E-mail: zhigangkong@kust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0602502);西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室(长安大学)开放基金项目(300102268501);昆明理工大学引进人才基金资助项目(KKZ3202021050)

Structural control and metallogenic mechanism of the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province, China

KONG Zhigang¹(), ZHANG Binchen², WU Yue³, ZHANG Changqing⁴, LIU Yi¹, ZHANG Feng⁵, LI Yanglin¹

1. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2. Chongqing Geological Survey Institute, Chongqing 401122, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
4. MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assesment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
5. The Bureau of Natural Resources of Luonan County, Shangluo 726100, China

Received:2021-04-21 Revised:2021-07-02 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大梁子富锗铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西南缘,是四川-云南-贵州(川滇黔)铅锌矿集区大型矿床之一,其矿石储量4.5 Mt,Pb+Zn平均品位10%~12%,矿体主要以筒状、脉状赋存于严格受断裂构造控制的富有机质破碎带“黑色破碎带”中,赋矿围岩为震旦系灯影组的白云岩。矿区断裂十分发育,主要发育NWW向断裂、NW向断裂和NE向断裂。通过详细分析各组断裂的几何学和运动学特征,厘清了成矿前、成矿期和成矿后断裂活动特征及构造动力学特征。成矿前,该矿区受近N-S向挤压应力作用,形成NWW向逆断层;成矿期,受古特提斯洋的俯冲消减和碰撞造山作用,研究区构造应力场转变为NW-SE向挤压应力,形成矿区的NWW向张扭性断层、NW向扭张性断层和NE向逆断层;成矿后,区域构造应力场转变为近EW向,形成NWW向、NW向和NE向的破矿断裂。NWW向断裂是矿区的主控断裂,是流体运移的通道;NW向断裂是NWW向断层的主要配套断裂,是流体混合和矿体就位的空间,NWW向断裂和NW向断裂组成的负花状构造是大梁子富锗铅锌矿床最具特色的控矿构造样式。来自深部的富金属离子的流体与来自寒武系富有机质地层的还原型流体在NWW向断裂和NW向断裂控制的张裂空间的混合,是该床的主要成矿机制。矿区南部和西部类似的构造样式区是下一步找矿的方向。

关键词: 大梁子富锗铅锌矿, 控矿构造样式, 成矿机制, 负花状构造, 黑色破碎带

Abstract:

The Daliangzi large Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit is located in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (Chuan-Dian-Qian) Pb-Zn metallogenic belt on the western margin of the Yangtze block. It contains 4.5 million tons of ores, 10%-12% of which are Pb-Zn ores. The pipe- and vein-like Pb-Zn ore bodies are hosted in well developed fault-controlled black breccia zones that cut through the ore-hosting dolostone of the Sinian Dengying Formation. The NWW-, NW- and NE-trending faults are well developed in the mining area, and their activity and tectonic dynamics are clearly defined through detailed analysis of the geometric and kinematic features of these faults. The NWW-striking thrust faults were formed by N-S compressive stress prior to mineralization. During the ore-forming process, due to the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the late Indosinian orogeny, the regional tectonic stress field was transformed into NW-SE compressive stress, and then the NWW-trending tensional and torsional faults, NW-trending tensional faults and NE-trending reverse faults were formed in the sutdy area. After mineralization, the regional tectonic stress field changed to near E-W direction, causing the formation of the NWW-, NW- and NE-trending faults that cut through and/or dislocated the ore bodies. The NWW-trending faults are the major ore-controlling faults, possibly acting as the migration pathway for the ore-bearing fluid. The NW-trending faults are the secondary main faults in the mining area, where hydrothermal fluid mixing and orebody emplacement took place. The distinct ore-controlling structure in the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit is the negative flower structure consists of the NWW- and NW-trending faults. The main metallogenic mechanism of this deposit is the mixing of two fluids-the mineral-rich deep fluid and the reduced fluid from the Cambrian organic-rich strata-under tensional stress from the NWW- and NW-trending faults. Areas with similar tectonic patterns, such as the southern and western mining area, are the next prospecting target.

Key words: Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit, ore-controlling structures, metallogenic mechanism, negative flower structure, black breccia zone

中图分类号:

孔志岗, 张斌臣, 吴越, 张长青, 刘益, 张锋, 李杨林. 四川大梁子富锗铅锌矿床的控矿构造样式及成矿机制研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 143-159.

KONG Zhigang, ZHANG Binchen, WU Yue, ZHANG Changqing, LIU Yi, ZHANG Feng, LI Yanglin. Structural control and metallogenic mechanism of the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 143-159.

图/表 12

图1 中国构造简图(A)及川滇黔铅锌矿集区区域地质图(B) (据文献[1,3]修改)

Fig.1 Simplified tectonic map of China (A) and regional geological map of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn ore deposit mining area (B). Modified after [1,3].

图2 扬子板块西南缘的大地构造位置图(据文献[5,28-29]修改)

Fig.2 Sketch map showing the geotectonic position of the southwestern margin of the Yangtze plate. Modified after [5,28-29].

图3 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床构造地质简图

Fig.3 Tectono-geological sketch map of the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图4 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床A-B剖面图

Fig.4 The A-B cross section of the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图5 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床NWW向断层构造特征图 a—F1断层构造角砾岩特征;b—F15断层破碎带特征;c—F15断层旁侧的牵引褶皱;d—F1断层剖面示意图;e—F15断层剖面示意图;f—F15断层及旁侧牵引褶皱剖面示意图。

Fig.5 Structural characteristics of the NWW-trending faults in the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图6 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床NW向断层构造特征典型照片 a—F5断层角砾岩特征;b—F5断层旁侧拖曳弯曲的方解石脉;c、d—F6(S)断层北东盘的片理化黑色破碎带;e—F6(N)断层南西盘的构造透镜体;f—F8断层南西盘的构造透镜体和片理化黑色破碎带;g—F6(N)断层附近富矿体中角砾特征;h—F9断层附近黑破带中角砾特征。

Fig.6 Typical photos showing the structural features of the NW-trending faults in the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图7 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床NW断层典型剖面构造解析图解 a—1 944 m中段CM15中段中F5断层—F6(S)断层间构造特征剖面示意图;b—2 004 m中段CM3巷道中F6(S)断层南西盘构造特征剖面示意图;c—1 944 m中段中F6(N)断层附近构造岩特征剖面示意图;d—1 944 m中段中F6(S)断层附近构造岩特征剖面示意图;e—1 884 m中段CM7中F8断层附近构造岩特征剖面示意图;f—1 944 m中段CM23巷道中F9断层附近构造岩特征剖面示意图。

Fig.7 Examples of structural analysis of the NW-trending faults in the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图8 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床角砾岩特征 a—矿区西侧“黑色破碎带”中寒武系碎屑岩角砾;b—1 944 m中段“黑色破碎带”中可见上部震旦系灯影组第7段含磷白云岩角砾;c—白云岩角砾被Zn、Pb、C质胶结;d—白云岩角砾被Zn、Pb胶结。

Fig.8 Features of breccia from the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图9 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床构造动力学演化图

Fig.9 A tectono-dynamic evolution model for the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图10 大梁子富锗铅锌矿主成矿阶段构造解析图解

Fig.10 Structural analysis of the main mineralization stage in the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图11 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床典型剖面图及深部构造预测

Fig.11 Typical profile of and deep structural prediction for the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

图12 大梁子富锗铅锌矿床控矿构造样式 a—剖面显示负花状构造样式;b—平面显示走滑双重构造样式。

Fig.12 A structural control model for the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit

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四川大梁子富锗铅锌矿床的控矿构造样式及成矿机制研究

Structural control and metallogenic mechanism of the Daliangzi Ge-rich Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province, China

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