江南隆起带安徽宁国西坞口矿床铷的赋存状态及其成矿机制研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.4

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 65-80.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.8.4

• 稀有金属矿床成矿过程及勘查进展 • 上一篇下一篇

江南隆起带安徽宁国西坞口矿床铷的赋存状态及其成矿机制研究

陈雪锋¹^,²^,³(), 范裕¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 周涛发¹^,²^,³, 庾江华⁴, 钱仕龙⁴, 陆中秋⁴, 杨张一⁴, 洪建民⁴

1.合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 安徽合肥 230009
2.合肥工业大学矿床成因与勘查技术研究中心, 安徽合肥 230009
3.安徽省矿产资源与矿山环境工程技术研究中心, 安徽合肥 230009
4.安徽省地质矿产勘查局322地质队, 安徽马鞍山 243000

收稿日期:2021-05-10 修回日期:2021-08-01 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-22
通讯作者: 范裕
作者简介:陈雪锋(1989—),男,博士研究生,主要从事地质学专业研究。E-mail: xfchen2016@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(91962218);国家自然科学基金项目(41872081);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600206);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(PA2019GDZC0093)

The Xiwukou Rb deposit in the Jiangnan uplift belt, Ningguo City, Anhui Province: Rb occurrence and ore-forming mechanisms

CHEN Xuefeng¹^,²^,³(), FAN Yu¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHOU Taofa¹^,²^,³, YU Jianghua⁴, QIAN Shilong⁴, LU Zhongqiu⁴, YANG Zhangyi⁴, HONG Jianmin⁴

1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2. Ore Deposit and Exploration Center (ODEC), Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3. Anhui Province Engineering Research Center for Mineral Resources and Mine Environments, Hefei 230009, China
4. No.322 Geological Party, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration of Anhui Province, Ma’anshan 243000, China

Received:2021-05-10 Revised:2021-08-01 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-22
Contact: FAN Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西坞口矿床是江南隆起带安徽宁国市近年来发现的首个关键金属铷(Rb)矿床,与成矿有关的岩浆岩为花岗斑岩。矿床中发育两类铷矿体:矿体I赋存于花岗斑岩体内,矿体II产于花岗斑岩体顶部。两类矿体的矿物组合均为多硅白云母+石英。矿体I呈透镜体状产于花岗斑岩体顶部,多硅白云母含量可达70%,品位为0.25%;矿体II产于花岗斑岩体和地层接触带,品位为0.21%。前人对西坞口矿床的矿化特征、岩浆岩年代学、岩浆岩成因开展了研究,但关于铷的赋存状态及成矿机制尚不明确。本次工作分别对成矿岩体和两类矿体中的主要矿物开展了电子探针(EPMA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)研究,分析结果显示花岗斑岩中斜长石、钾长石和黑云母中Rb的平均含量分别为3.10×10^-6、872×10^-6和1 328×10^-6,矿体I和II中多硅白云母的Rb平均含量分别为2 544×10^-6和2 686×10^-6。多硅白云母晶体化学计算表明,铷以Rb⁺→K⁺/Na⁺置换的方式进入多硅白云母晶格,在多硅白云母中以类质同象的形式赋存。结合矿床地质特征和区域岩浆岩对比分析,本文提出西坞口矿床成矿岩浆具有较高的Rb背景值以及氟(F)含量,矿物结晶作用使得Rb在残余岩浆含量升高,岩浆向热液过渡阶段的富F特征导致原先岩浆体系的架状硅酸盐结构变成层状,进而有利于结晶出大量富Rb的多硅白云母,并富集形成铷矿体。

关键词: 江南隆起带, 西坞口矿床, 铷, 赋存状态, 成矿机制

Abstract:

The Xiwukou rubidium (Rb) deposit—a granite-related ore deposit—is the first discovered Rb deposit in the Jiangnan uplift belt, Ningguo City, Anhui Province. Two spatially distinct orebodies, type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ, developed in the Xiwukou deposit. The type-Ⅰ orebody is hosted in granite porphyry, and the type-Ⅱ is at the top of the granite porphyry. The mineral combinations are all phengite + quartz, but ore grade is higher in type-I (0.25%) than in type-Ⅱ (0.21%) orebody. Previous researches had focused on the mineralization characteristics, chronology, petrogenesis, and magmatic source, but the mineral occurrence status of Rb and the metallogenic mechanism in the Xiwukou deposit are still unclear. In this study, we used electron probe analysis and LA-ICP-MS to characterize the granite porphyry-hosted plagioclase, K-feldspar and biotite and phengite in the type-Ⅰ, Ⅱ orebodies. We found that the average Rb contents in plagioclase, K-feldspar and biotite, formed in the early stage, were 3.10 × 10^-6, 872 × 10^-6 and 1 328 × 10^-6, respectively; while in phengite, formed in the late stage, the Rb contents were 2544 × 10^-6 and 2686 × 10^-6 in type-I and type-II orebodies, respectively. The stoichiometric calculation results show that Rb⁺ is incorporated into phengite through isomorphism replacing K⁺ and Na⁺. Combining the geological characteristics of the deposit with comparative analysis of regional igneous rocks, we propose the following ore-forming mechanism for the Xiwukou Rb deposit: The Rb background value and fluorine content in the ore-forming magmatic fluids was fairly high, and mineral crystallization led to further Rb enrichment in the residual magma. During the transition stage from magma to hydrothermal fluid, the high fluorine condition caused a structural change in silicate, from a framework to layered structure, which facilitated large-scale crystallization of Rb-rich phengnite to form Rb-rich orebody.

Key words: Jiangnan uplift belt, Xiwukou deposit, rubidium, occurrence status, metallogenic mechanism

中图分类号:

陈雪锋, 范裕, 周涛发, 庾江华, 钱仕龙, 陆中秋, 杨张一, 洪建民. 江南隆起带安徽宁国西坞口矿床铷的赋存状态及其成矿机制研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 65-80.

CHEN Xuefeng, FAN Yu, ZHOU Taofa, YU Jianghua, QIAN Shilong, LU Zhongqiu, YANG Zhangyi, HONG Jianmin. The Xiwukou Rb deposit in the Jiangnan uplift belt, Ningguo City, Anhui Province: Rb occurrence and ore-forming mechanisms[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 65-80.

图/表 16

图1 江南隆起带(安徽段)大地构造位置(a)及区域地质矿产图(b) (据文献[20,21,22,23]修改) TBF—天目山—白际山断裂;JNF—江南断裂;GTF—高坦断裂;ZWF—周王断裂;CCF—崇阳—常州断裂。

Fig.1 Tectonic location (a) and regional geological map (b) of the Jiangnan uplift belt (Anhui section) showing the distribution of mineral deposits. Modified after [20-23])

图2 西坞口矿区地质图 (据文献[20,21]修改)

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Xiwukou deposit. Modified after [20-21].

图3 西坞口矿床矿体分布示意图 (据文献[20,21]修改)

Fig.3 Schematic cross-section of the Xiwukou deposit showing the locations of the Type-I, II orebodies. Modified after [20-21].

图4 西坞口花岗斑岩手持标本(a)和显微镜下照片(b) a—花岗斑岩;b—花岗斑岩中的钾长石和石英斑晶(正交偏光镜下)。 Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Bi—黑云母;Qtz—石英。

Fig.4 Photo (a) and microphotograph (b) of hand specimen of the Xiwukou granite porphyry

图5 西坞口矿床铷矿石手标本及镜下照片 a,b—矿体I;c,d—矿体II。Phg—多硅白云母;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Qtz—石英。

Fig.5 Photos and microphotographs of hand specimen of the Type-I (a, b) and II (c, d) orebodies from the Xiwukou deposit

表1 西坞口矿床中斜长石和钾长石化学成分

Table 1 Chemical compositions of plagioclase and K-feldspar from the Xiwukou deposit

表2 西坞口矿床中斜长石和钾长石电子探针分析结果

Table 2 Representative chemical compositions of plagioclase and K- feldspar from the Xiwukou deposit by EMPA

表3 西坞口矿床中斜长石和钾长石的LA-ICP-MS微量元素含量分析结果

Table 3 Results of concentrations for trace element in plagioclase and K- feldspar determined by LA- ICP-MS from the Xiwukou deposit

图6 西坞口岩浆岩中长石类型判别图解

Fig.6 Ternary classification diagram for feldspars from the Xiwukou magmatic rocks

表4 西坞口矿床中云母的电子探针分析结果

Table 4 EPMA analysis results of mica from the Xiwukou deposit

图7 西坞口矿床的云母分类图解

Fig.7 Classification diagram for micas from the Xiwukou deposit

表5 西坞口矿床中云母的LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析结果

Table 5 Trace element compositions of mica from the Xiwukou deposit by LA-ICP-MS

图8 西坞口矿床中矿物的Rb含量统计表

Fig.8 Statistical chart for Rb contents in minerals from the Xiwukou deposit

图9 西坞口矿床中云母的K+、Na+、Rb+相互关系图解

Fig.9 Covariations of K, Na and Rb (in apfu) in mica from the Xiwukou deposit

图10 西坞口矿床中云母的Rb+-(Na+ + K+) 相互关系图解

Fig.10 Covariation of Rb and (K + Na) (in apfu) in mica from the Xiwukou deposit

图11 西坞口矿床中云母的F、Rb、K和Na相互关系图解

Fig.11 Relationships between F and Rb, K or Na contents in mica from the Xiwukou deposit

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江南隆起带安徽宁国西坞口矿床铷的赋存状态及其成矿机制研究

The Xiwukou Rb deposit in the Jiangnan uplift belt, Ningguo City, Anhui Province: Rb occurrence and ore-forming mechanisms

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