石榴石微量元素地球化学及其在沉积物源分析中的应用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.1.1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石榴石是沉积物中常见的重矿物,其可来源于多种岩石,而且不同类型母岩中石榴石具有多样的地球化学组成,因此碎屑石榴石的地球化学分析在沉积物源研究中应用广泛。通过电子探针分析可以容易地获得单颗粒碎屑石榴石的主量元素地球化学组成,可借此探讨其母岩类型,但也存在一定的局限性,比如中酸性火成岩和部分变沉积岩来源的石榴石通常都具有高Fe、Mn的特征,不易于区分。本文系统地收集了不同岩石类型的石榴石微量元素数据,尝试利用微量元素地球化学的差异性对碎屑石榴石物源分析进行补充。最终得出以下结论:(1)石榴石的稀土元素(REE)组成与钇(Y)元素指标可区分中酸性火成岩和变沉积岩来源的碎屑石榴石;(2)基性岩(橄榄岩、辉石岩)及所对应的变基性岩石(榴辉岩)中石榴石的微量元素地球化学组成相近,但部分橄榄岩来源的石榴石在镨/钬(Pr_N/Ho_N)值和重稀土总量(ΣHREE含量)上与辉石岩和榴辉岩的有显著差别,这一特点可运用于以基性岩母岩为主的碎屑沉积物源研究中;(3)夕卡岩中的石榴石在主量元素地球化学组成上表现为高度一致的高Ca特征,而稀土元素组成具有两种典型的分配模式,岩浆型(指示富铁、氧化环境)与热液型(指示富铝、还原环境)。综上所述,石榴石微量元素地球化学可以有效地运用于沉积物源分析研究中,是其主量元素物源分析方法的重要补充。

关键词: 石榴石, 主量元素, 微量元素, 物源分析

Abstract:

Garnet is a common heavy mineral in sediments. It can come from a variety of rocks and shows a variety of geochemistry compositions in different parent-rocks. Therefore, geochemical analysis of detrital garnet is widely used in sedimentary provenance research. The elemental geochemistry of single detrital mineral is easily obtained by electron microprobe and applied to the provenance analysis. However, there are certain limitations. For instance, the major elemental compositions of garnet in both intermediate-acid igneous rocks and metasedimentary rocks are usually characterized by high Fe and Mn. Here, we systematically investigated trace elemental geochemical data of garnet from different types of rocks and attempted establishing some useful trace elemental proxies for detrital garnet provenance analysis. The main conclusions are: (1) Rare earth elements and yttrium can be employed to distinguish detrital garnets from intermediate-acid igneous and metasedimentary rocks; (2) Garnets from basic rocks (peridotite, pyroxenite) and the corresponding meta-basic rocks (eclogite) had fairly consistent major and trace elemental geochemistry, but some garnets from peridotite rocks had unique praseodymium/holmium (Pr_N/Ho_N) values and total heavy rare earth elements (ΣHREE), which can be applied to sedimentary provenance analysis with basic rock-dominanted backgrounds; (3) Garnet in skarn was characterized by overwhelmingly high Ca, but rare earth element compositions were diverse, which can be interpreted as magma type (indicating rich iron and oxidation environment) or contact metasomatic type (reflecting rich aluminum and reducing environment). Collectively, the trace elemental geochemistry of garnet can be effectively used in sedimentary provenance analysis, which is an important supplement to the major element-based provenance analysis.

Key words: garnet, major elements, trace elements, provenance analysis

中图分类号:

洪东铭, 简星, 黄鑫, 张巍, 马金戈. 石榴石微量元素地球化学及其在沉积物源分析中的应用[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(3): 191-201.

HONG Dongming, JIAN Xing, HUANG Xin, ZHANG Wei, MA Jinge. Garnet trace elemental geochemistry and its application in sedimentary provenance analysis[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(3): 191-201.

图/表 8

图1 基于石榴石主量元素的母岩类型判别图解 A—石榴石Mg-(Fe+Mn)-Ca三元判别图解,来源于文献[21]。B—Mn-Mg-Ca三元判别图解,来源于文献[22,23]。l—低p-T;la—中p-T(直至角闪岩相);e—榴辉岩;g—钙铝铁榴石;h—高p-T;lg1,lg2—中p-T(麻粒岩相)。C—Mg-(Fe+Mn)-Ca三元判别图解,来源于文献[24]。Type A—高级麻粒岩相变沉积岩、紫苏花岗岩和中酸性火成岩(来源于地壳深部,高Mg,低Ca);Type Bi—中酸性火成岩(高Fe,高Mn);Type Bii—中低级变沉积岩,最高至角闪岩相(低Mg,Ca含量不一);Type Ci—变基性岩;Type Cii—超基性岩(高Mg,Ci与Cii以Mg含量50%为界);Type D—低级变基性岩或接触交代变质岩(高Ca)。D,E—Mg-Fe-Ca和Mg-Fe-Mn三元判别图解,来源于文献[25]。a—高压(HP)和超高压(UHP)岩石;b—榴辉岩和麻粒岩相岩石;c—角闪岩相岩石,可再分为两个亚类,c1—高级角闪岩相到麻粒岩相,c2—角闪岩相,包括其他岩石,如蓝片岩、夕卡岩、蛇纹岩、火成岩;1—UHP榴辉岩或石榴石橄榄岩;2—HP榴辉岩和HP基性麻粒岩;3—中酸性麻粒岩;4—片麻岩过渡到麻粒岩和角闪岩相;5—角闪岩过渡到麻粒岩和角闪岩相;6—角闪岩相变质作用下的片麻岩;7—角闪岩相变质作用下的角闪岩。Prp、Alm、Sps、Grs分别为镁铝榴石、铁铝榴石、锰铝榴石、钙铝榴石,表示石榴石端员分子的百分数。石榴石主量元素数据来源于文献[30]所提供的附录。

Fig.1 Discrimination diagrams of mother rock based on major elements of garnet.(A)Mg-(Fe+Mn)-Ca(after [21]); (B)Mn-Mg-Ca (after [22-23]); (C)Mg-(Fe+Mn)-Ca (after [24]);(D) Mg-Fe-Ca (after [25]); and (E) Mg-Fe-Mn (after [25]). Major elemental compositions of garnet adapted from [30].

表1 不同母岩来源石榴石的主量元素数据投点落在预期范围内的比例[21-22,24-25]

Table 1 The proportion of garnet major elemental data from different mother rocks falling within the expected range. Adapted from [21-22,24-25].

图解	在不同判别图解中利用石榴石主量元素判定母岩来源的正确比例/%
图解	榴辉岩	角闪岩	麻粒岩	橄榄岩	金伯利岩	辉石岩	花岗岩	绿片岩	角闪岩相变泥质岩	麻粒岩相变泥质岩
Wright	23	57					70	51
Teraoka	87	62	87					85	22	74
Morton	92	86		99	99	99	72	73	52	68
Aubrecht	45	93	83	96	96	96	96	100	96	72

图2 不同岩石来源石榴石中的REE特征图(部分花岗岩、榴辉岩、橄榄岩、辉石岩石榴石REE数据特征图展示。CI球粒陨石标准据文献[55]) a—麻粒岩相变泥质岩石榴石数据来源于文献[34,35],角闪岩相变泥质岩石榴石数据来源于文献[34,36],花岗岩石榴石数据来源于文献[37,38,39,40,41];b—榴辉岩石榴石数据来源于文献[42,43,44,45,46],橄榄岩石榴石数据来源于文献[43,47-50],辉石岩石榴石数据来源于文献[18];c—夕卡岩石榴石数据来源于文献[51,52,53,54]。

Fig.2 REE features in garnet from different rocks. CI chondrite standard values adapted from [55].

图3 石榴石的其他微量元素蛛网图(原始地幔标准据文献[56])

Fig.3 Spider diagram of other trace elements of garnet. Primary mantle standards adapted from [56].

表2 不同花岗岩中石榴石的REE特征参数

Table 2 REE characteristic parameters of garnet in different types of granite

岩石	w(ΣLREE)/10^-6	w(ΣHREE,除Y)/10^-6	Eu/Eu^*	La_N/Sm_N	Gd_N/Yb_N	Sm_N/Gd_N
淡色花岗岩	0.34~3.28	200.8~1 836.8	0.002~0.034	0~0.047	0.008~0.176	0.047~0.175
A型花岗岩	3.4~40.78	2 029.5~9 951.1	0.008~0.03	0~0.001	0.027~0.302	0.087~0.181
过铝质花岗岩	12.75~116.63	557~5 917.5	0.002~0.487	0.160~0.772	0.071~0.397	0.121~0.365
中粒黑云母花岗岩	2.53~545.9	701.3~7 913.7	0.001~0.004	0.002~0.322	0.019~0.176	0.117~0.673
细粒二云母花岗岩	2.85~101.34	1 462.6~9 172.6	0.001~0.002	0.012~0.378	0.017~0.189	0.123~0.682
S型花岗岩	1.3~7	211.2~771.7	0.133~0.251	0.033~0.105	0.044~0.245	0.151~0.346
麻粒岩相变泥质岩	0.426~41.730	3.089~676.760	0.006~1.440	0~0.440	0.102~11.266	0.015~0.948
角闪岩相变泥质岩	0.120~7.933	21.226~1 661.220	0.102~1.151	0~0.419	0.012~4.503	0.038~0.348

图4 不同岩石来源石榴石的REE特征参数投点图

Fig.4 REE characteristic parameters of garnet from different rocks

表3 榴辉岩、橄榄岩、辉石岩中石榴石的REE特征值

Table 3 REE characteristic values of garnets in eclogite (after [42-46]), peridotite (after [43,47-50]) and pyroxenite (after [18])

岩石	w(ΣLREE)/10^-6	w(ΣHREE)/10^-6	Ce/Ce^*	Eu/Eu^*	La_N/Sm_N	Gd_N/Yb_N	Sm_N/Gd_N	Pr_N/Ho_N
榴辉岩	0.332~27.69	2.41~78.09	0.048~1.019	0.683~2.784	0~0.587	0.120~2.823	0.220~1.899	0.002~0.835
橄榄岩	0.11~38.28	0.35~24.37	0.455~2.244	0.588~2.075	0~3.739	0.103~7.090	0.241~5.313	0.036~21.775
辉石岩	0.69~5.06	9.33~28.62	0.064~1.534	0.508~1.584	0.005~0.865	0.313~1.590	0.247~0.756	0.002~0.201

表4 夕卡岩石榴石4种REE配分模式对应特征参数

Table 4 The characteristic parameters of four REE patterns of garnet in skarn

模式	w(ΣLREE)/10^-6	w(ΣHREE)/10^-6	Eu/Eu^*	La_N/Yb_N
模式1	6.52~468.26	1.19~395.86	1.39~5.98	1.45~159.67
模式2	14.42~144.26	10.74~176.84	0.39~1.23	0.01~0.62
模式3	11.67~130.55	1.61~20.72	0.51~1.09	4.38~14.53
模式4	14.73~24.58	4.54~10.22	2.38~3.86	0.07~0.97

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