鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统物源定量分析研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.22

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 80-99.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.22

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统物源定量分析研究

刘持恒¹(), 李子颖¹, 贺锋¹, 张字龙¹, 李振成⁴, 凌明星³, 刘瑞萍²

1.核工业北京地质研究院中核集团铀资源勘查与评价重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.核工业北京地质研究院核工业地质分析测试研究中心, 北京 100029
3.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 江西南昌 330013
4.核工业二〇八大队, 内蒙古包头 014010

收稿日期:2023-02-11 修回日期:2023-05-28 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
作者简介:刘持恒(1989—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事盆地构造和砂岩型铀矿成矿机制研究。E-mail: liuchiheng@yeah.net
基金资助:
中核集团集中研发项目(中核科发2021-143号);中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金项目(2022NRE-LH-16);中核集团青年英才项目(地QNYC2301)

Quantitative analysis of provenance in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin

LIU Chiheng¹(), LI Ziying¹, HE Feng¹, ZHANG Zilong¹, LI Zhencheng⁴, LING Mingxing³, LIU Ruiping²

1. CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration and Evaluation Technology, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
2. Analytical Laboratory of BRIUG, Beijing 100029, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
4. CNNC Geologic Party No.208, Baotou 014010, China

Received:2023-02-11 Revised:2023-05-28 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

下白垩统是鄂尔多斯盆地晚中生代的一个重要构造层,同时也是近年来新发现砂岩型铀矿的重要层位。恢复该时期的源-汇系统对认识燕山运动晚期在华北克拉通西部的构造-沉积响应、古气候转变和盆地内砂岩铀矿的富集规律均有较大的帮助。本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统进行古流向测量、不同层位碎屑锆石U-Pb测年,优化周缘潜在物源区锆石U-Pb年龄数据集的汇编方案,定量计算出各物源区对盆内的碎屑贡献比例,恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地西北部早白垩世的源-汇系统。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统中碎屑锆石具有1.79~1.64 Ga、2.02~1.82 Ga和2.58~2.45 Ga 3个稳定的前寒武纪年龄峰值,以及336~257 Ma和476~425 Ma两个稳定的显生宙年龄峰值。定量的物源分析结果表明,阴山、狼山、桌子山-贺兰山和阿拉善地区以不同的贡献比例为研究区提供物源,具多物源同时供给的特征。阴山在整个早白垩世一直是主要的物源供给区,与狼山共同向盆地内部提供河流相沉积。阿拉善地区则通过原地风蚀将物质从桌子山北部和贺兰山顶以风沙搬运的方式带入鄂尔多斯盆地,在洛河-罗汉洞沉积期共同构成了研究区风成与水成交替的沉积特征。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄, 物源分析, 古流向, 砂岩型铀矿, 源-汇系统

Abstract:

The Lower Cretaceous represents a significant structural layer in the Ordos Basin, particularly notable for the emergence of sandstone-type uranium deposits in recent years. Understanding the source-sink dynamics during this period offers valuable insights into the tectonic-sedimentary processes triggered by the late Yanshanian orogeny in the western North China Craton, the paleoclimate transition, and the enrichment patterns of sandstone uranium deposits within the Ordos Basin. In this study, we conducted paleocurrent azimuth measurements and detrital zircon U-Pb dating across various strata of the Lower Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin. Furthermore, we refined the compilation approach for the zircon U-Pb age dataset in the potential provenance area surrounding the basin. Utilizing quantitative analyses, we assessed the detrital contributions from each provenance to the basin. Subsequently, the source-sink system of the Lower Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin was reconstructed. The results delineate the U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous into three primary groups: 1.79-1.64 Ga, 2.02-1.82 Ga, and 2.58-2.45 Ga, corresponding to Precambrian ages. Additionally, two major age groups of 336-257 Ma and 476-425 Ma signify Phanerozoic ages. Through quantitative provenance analysis, we identified the Yinshan, Langshan, Zhuozishan-Helanshan, and Alxa regions as collective sediment contributors to the study area, each with varying contribution ratios, indicating a diverse provenance supply. Our study suggests that during the Early Cretaceous, the Yinshan and Langshan regions primarily acted as provenance areas, supplying fluvial deposits to the basin’s interior. In contrast, the Alashan area transported sediments from the northern part of Zhuozishan and the Helanshan peak into the Ordos Basin through aeolian processes. This phenomenon led to the deposition of alternating eolian and fluvial formations in the study area during the Luohe-Lohandong period in the Early Cretaceous.

Key words: Ordos Basin, detrital zircon U-Pb age, provenance analysis, paleocurrent, sandstone-type uranium deposit, source-sink system

中图分类号:

刘持恒, 李子颖, 贺锋, 张字龙, 李振成, 凌明星, 刘瑞萍. 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统物源定量分析研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 80-99.

LIU Chiheng, LI Ziying, HE Feng, ZHANG Zilong, LI Zhencheng, LING Mingxing, LIU Ruiping. Quantitative analysis of provenance in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 80-99.

图/表 16

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部及周缘山脉区域地质图

Fig.1 Geological map of the northwestern and peripheral mountainous areas of the Ordos Basin

图2 鄂尔多斯盆地北部下白垩统各层位岩相古地理图(据文献[12,37,40]修改)

Fig.2 Lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Lower Cretaceous in the northern part of the Ordos Basin. Modified from [12,37,40].

图3 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统典型交错层理 a—帐房湾地区罗汉洞组大型板状交错层理;b—扎萨梁地区华池-环河组板状交错层理; c—扎萨梁地区华池-环河组槽状交错层理;d—巴音文都尔地区罗汉洞组槽状交错层理。

Fig.3 Typical cross-bedding structures in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin

图4 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统连井剖面和取样位置图剖面位置见图1。

Fig.4 Cross-section and sampling locations map of the Lower Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin (Refer to Fig.1 for the section location)

表1 采样信息表

Table 1 Sampling information table

序号	样品编号	地层	岩性	位置/钻孔号	纬度 (N)	经度 (E)
1	Od21-2	K₁lh	褐红色中砂岩	ZKY0-31
2	Od21-6	K₁hc	褐红色粗砂岩
3	Od21-11	K₁l	褐色含砾中砂岩
4	Od21-14	K₁hc	深灰色中砂岩	ZKW2021-5
5	Od21-22	K₁l	浅红色细砂岩	ZKW2021-5
6	Od21-37	K₁lh	红杂色砂岩	巴音文都尔	39°15'34″	108°00'45″
7	Od21-39	K₁d	黄绿色中砂岩	杭锦旗盐场	40°08'24″	108°25'35″
8	Od21-40	K₁j	薄板状粉砂岩	乌兰阿布德尔	40°11'57″	107°23'35″
9	Ey21-34	K₁l	灰绿色粗砂岩	ZKW2019-5

表2 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统古流向测量结果

Table 2 Paleocurrent directions of the Lower Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin

点号	地层	位置	测试类型	测点数	平均古流向
1	华池-环河组	老楞豁子(39°54'21″N,108'7'47″E)	板状交错层理	10	204°
2	罗汉洞组	帐房湾(39°44'59″N,107'59'37″E)	板状交错层理	16	165°
3	华池-环河组	萨扎梁(39°33'17″N,108'30'9″E)	槽状交错层理	12	207°
4	华池-环河组	东公卡汉(39°22'41″N,108'17'59″E)	板状交错层理	12	187°
5	华池-环河组	赛罕塔拉(39°18'33″N,108'6'38″E)	板状交错层理	9	141°
6	罗汉洞组	巴音文都尔(39°15'34″N,108'0'45″E)	槽状交错层理	12	168°
7	华池-环河组	框框井(39°15'30″N,107'56'0″E)	槽状交错层理	12	162°

图5 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统典型碎屑锆石CL图像红色数字为锆石年龄,蓝色数字为Th/U值。

Fig.5 Cathode Luminescence (CL) image of typical detrital zircons in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin. Red numbers represent zircon ages, and blue numbers represent Th/U ratios.

图6 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统碎屑锆石年龄与Th/U值相关图

Fig.6 U-Pb ages and Th/U values for the Low Cretaceous detrital zircons in the northwestern Ordos Basin

图7 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统砂岩碎屑锆石年龄特征图 a—碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图;b—碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布直方图和概率密度;c—显生宙碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布直方图和概率密度。

Fig.7 Characteristics of U-Pb ages for the Low Cretaceous detrital zircons in the northwestern Ordos Basin

表3 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄峰值分布与占比

Table 3 Peak distribution and percentage of U-Pb ages of detrital zircons in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin

层位	样品号	主峰值年龄分布与占比
		显生宙				前寒武纪
		149~125 Ma	226~220 Ma	336~257 Ma	476~425 Ma	1 176~1 021 Ma	1 491 Ma	1 790~1 635 Ma	2 022~1 815 Ma	2 262~2 204 Ma	2 582~2 445 Ma
东胜组	Od21-39			14%(261 Ma) 10%(336 Ma)	1%(476 Ma)			1%(1 675 Ma)	28%(1 899 Ma) 24%(2 019 Ma)		22%(2 493 Ma)
泾川组	Od21-40	1%(125 Ma)		62%(277 Ma)	1%(425 Ma)	1%(1 021 Ma)		7%(1 704 Ma)	16%(1 905 Ma)	1%(2 258 Ma)	11%(2 490 Ma)
罗汉洞组	Od21-2	1%(149 Ma)		17%(275 Ma)	5%(445 Ma)			7%(1 668 Ma)	29%(1 950 Ma)		40%(2 514 Ma)
罗汉洞组	Od21-37			31%(278 Ma)	4%(437 Ma)			6%(1 698 Ma) 5%(1 790 Ma)	24%(1 909 Ma)		26%(2 470 Ma) 4%(2 582 Ma)
华池-环河组	Od21-6		2%(220 Ma)	29%(278 Ma)	2%(445 Ma)		3% (1 491 Ma)	5%(1 635 Ma) 11%(1 746 Ma)	7%(1 938 Ma) 5%(2 022 Ma)	7%(2 262 Ma)	17%(2 463 Ma) 12%(2 526 Ma)
华池-环河组	Od21-14	1%(134 Ma)		13%(257 Ma) 21%(272 Ma) 4%(324 Ma)	4%(425 Ma)	1%(1 176 Ma)		4%(1 701 Ma)	23%(1 983 Ma)		29%(2 517 Ma)
洛河组	Ey21-34	2%(144 Ma)		32%(275 Ma)	5%(440 Ma)			7%(1 680 Ma)	14%(1 899 Ma)	1%(2 204 Ma)	22%(2 445 Ma) 17%(2 551 Ma)
	Od21-11			7%(279 Ma) 13%(322 Ma)					13%(1 815 Ma) 28%(1 917 Ma)	1%(2 189 Ma)	23%(2 466 Ma) 15%(2 538 Ma)
	Od21-22	1%(149 Ma)	1%(226 Ma)	18%(283 Ma) 8%(318 Ma)					10%(1 824 Ma) 11%(1 923 Ma) 19%(1 980 Ma)		31%(2 481 Ma)

图8 物源区不同地质体年龄数据集汇编方案示意图 a—物源区向流域供给时锆石组分分配示意图;b—阴山地区优化汇编方案后的锆石U-Pb年龄谱特征;c—阴山地区传统汇编方案下的锆石U-Pb年龄谱特征。

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the compilation scheme for age datasets of different geological bodies in the source area

图9 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统及周缘潜在物源区锆石U-Pb年龄谱图 (阴山地区数据来自文献[48⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-63],狼山地区数据来自文献[64⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-73],阿拉善地区数据来自文献[72,74⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-87],桌子山-贺兰山地区数据来自文献[88⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-96])

Fig.9 Zircon U-Pb age spectra of the Lower Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin and surrounding potential source areas. Adapted from [48⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-96].

表4 研究区样品与潜在物源区锆石U-Pb年龄组分相似性对比表

Table 4 Comparison table of U-Pb age component similarities between samples in the study area and potential source areas

地层	样品号	阴山			狼山			阿拉善			桌子山-贺兰山
地层	样品号	D值	V值	R²值	D值	V值	R²值	D值	V值	R²值	D值	V值	R²值
东胜组	Od21-39	0.329	0.394 2	0.344 4	0.548 6	0.570 7	0.191 8	0.473 9	0.482 6	0.168 6	0.226 6	0.420 8	0.481 9
泾川组	Od21-40	0.475 6	0.486 2	0.377 2	0.429 7	0.532 1	0.111 3	0.144 9	0.239	0.655 5	0.639 2	0.725 8	0.002 9
罗汉洞组	Od21-2	0.151 5	0.202 2	0.710 6	0.531 2	0.546 2	0.061 5	0.469 9	0.479 9	0.214 9	0.382 6	0.603 4	0.102 9
罗汉洞组	Od21-37	0.254 5	0.288 5	0.610 7	0.436 3	0.539 9	0.106 8	0.358 8	0.360 4	0.441	0.321 5	0.591 8	0.055 9
华池-环河组	Od21-6	0.279 1	0.291 8	0.533 5	0.393 2	0.527 5	0.095	0.345	0.363 5	0.408 3	0.425 1	0.735 5	0.005 6
华池-环河组	Od21-14	0.283 3	0.316	0.510 9	0.323 3	0.512 9	0.149 1	0.313 6	0.323 6	0.648 9	0.430 7	0.669 5	0.023 3
洛河组	Ey21-34	0.217 8	0.235 8	0.601 1	0.354 2	0.525	0.081 7	0.357 7	0.378 1	0.539 6	0.394 8	0.756 8	0.001 1
	Od21-11	0.181 6	0.272 2	0.562 3	0.589 3	0.597 4	0.251 7	0.511	0.511	0.095 1	0.346 1	0.537 1	0.221
	Od21-22	0.240 6	0.293 2	0.570 4	0.513 2	0.543 8	0.153 5	0.425 7	0.443 8	0.32	0.282 7	0.547 7	0.181 3

图10 混合物源反演的锆石U-Pb年龄模型与样品Od21-22对比检验图 a—潜在物源区锆石与目标样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄累计概率图;b—最佳D值检测下的混合物源锆石与目标样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄累计概率图;c—最佳V值检测下的混合物源锆石与目标样品碎屑锆石;d—潜在物源区锆石与目标样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱图;e—最佳R2值检测下的混合物源锆石与目标样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱图。

Fig.10 Comparison test of zircon U-Pb age models from mixed sources and sample Od21-22 in the northwestern Ordos Basin

表5 研究区各样品的最佳物源混合比例

Table 5 Optimal mixing ratios of different sources for samples in the study area

地层	样品号	阴山	狼山	阿拉善	桌子山-贺兰山	混合物源相似性参数
地层	样品号	最佳物源混合比例/%				D值	V值	R²值
东胜组	Od21-39	30	16	5	49	0.059 2	0.111 8	0.825 6
泾川组	Od21-40	43	0	57	0	0.126 9	0.239	0.716 4
罗汉洞组	Od21-2	78	0	4	18	0.079 2	0.136 2	0.758 7
罗汉洞组	Od21-37	64	0	23	13	0.066 8	0.112 1	0.732 3
华池-环河组	Od21-6	57	20	20	3	0.082	0.158	0.636 2
华池-环河组	Od21-14	54	10	36	0	0.075 4	0.139 7	0.787
洛河组	Ey21-34	67	2	31	0	0.069 7	0.137	0.764 9
	Od21-11	50	7	13	30	0.077 3	0.127 3	0.766 6
	Od21-22	55	11	10	24	0.056 8	0.098 8	0.74

图11 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部早白垩世源-汇系统模式图

Fig.11 Source-sink model of the Early Cretaceous in the northwestern Ordos Basin

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鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下白垩统物源定量分析研究

Quantitative analysis of provenance in the Lower Cretaceous of the northwestern Ordos Basin

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