西南岩溶小流域水体中微量元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.10

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 397-408.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.10

• “综合生态系统碳循环与碳中和”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

西南岩溶小流域水体中微量元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

吴庆¹^,²(), 黄芬¹^,², 郭永丽¹^,²^,^*(), 肖琼¹^,², 孙平安¹^,², 杨慧¹^,², 白冰¹^,²

1.中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
2.广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406

收稿日期:2023-05-06 修回日期:2023-07-12 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
通信作者: * 郭永丽(1989—),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事岩溶环境学方面的研究。E-mail: gyongli@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介:吴庆(1987—),男,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事岩溶环境学方面的研究。E-mail: wuqing@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0107100);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026473);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA075013);广西自然科学基金项目(桂科AB22035010);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA220065);广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035604);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(2023019);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(2021001);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230547);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(2020010905);自然资源部自然资源科技战略研究项目(2023-ZL-23)

Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and their implications in the small karst basin, Southwest China

WU Qing¹^,²(), HUANG Fen¹^,², GUO Yongli¹^,²^,^*(), XIAO Qiong¹^,², SUN Ping’an¹^,², YANG Hui¹^,², BAI Bing¹^,²

1. Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR and GZAR/International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin 541004, China
2. Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, China

Received:2023-05-06 Revised:2023-07-12 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微量元素在岩溶区资源环境研究中具有重要的指示意义。本文选择我国典型峰丛洼地区岩溶地下河为例,解译水体中微量元素的地球化学特征及其在岩溶空间结构和岩溶水文等方面的指示意义。毛村地下河流域水体中Sr、Cr、Ni、Co和Mn等微量元素,主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解。强降水条件可驱动深层水,弱降水条件驱动能力差。微量元素ρ(Ni)/ρ(Co)、ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca²⁺)和ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg²⁺)的时空变化,指示LLS和BY子系统内岩溶发育差,SGY至MC岩溶发育程度较高。ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca²⁺)和ρ(Sr)随ρ(SiO₂)的变化斜率值可作为指示岩溶发育程度的指标,均随着岩溶作用强度的增大而增大。ρ(Sr)的时空变化特征与地层岩性特征密切相关,可将岩溶流域按照地质背景分为非岩溶区、非岩溶区-岩溶区过渡带和岩溶区。基于非岩溶区至岩溶区ρ(Sr)的变化特征,利用质量守恒定律,计算出旱季SGY、SWQ、LLS和BY泉水接收岩溶区补给的平均比例分别为51.50%、50.46%、65.48%和22.16%。微量元素可指示岩溶发育程度和定量计算岩溶水源比例,为解决岩溶区复杂的资源环境问题提供科学指导。

关键词: 微量元素, 岩溶地下河, 岩溶发育, 岩溶水文

Abstract:

Trace elements play a significant role in resources and environmental research in karst areas. In this paper, we examine the geochemical characteristics of trace elements in a typical karst underground river located in a peak cluster depression and discuss their implications for karst spatial structure and hydrology. In the Maocun underground river basin, trace elements such as Sr, Cr, Ni, Co, and Mn primarily originate from the dissolution of carbonates. Intense precipitation can drive deep karst water flow, whereas weak precipitation has limited driving force. Spatial and temporal variations in the ratios of ρ(Ni)/ρ(Co), ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca²⁺) and ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg²⁺) indicate that the LLS and BY subsystems exhibit limited karst development, while greater karstification is observed from SGY to MC. The ratios of ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca²⁺)and the slopes of ρ(Sr) relative to ρ(SiO₂) increase with the degree of karst development, making them potential indicators of karstification. The spatial and temporal variations of ρ(Sr) are closely related to the lithologic characteristics of the strata, allowing the division of the basin into non-karst areas, transition zones from non-karst to karst areas, and karst areas based on geological background. Using the changes in ρ(Sr) from non-karst to karst areas and applying the principle of mass conservation, we calculated the average proportions of karst water contributions to the SGY, SWQ, LLS, and BY springs during the dry season to be 51.50%, 50.46%, 65.48%, and 22.16%, respectively. Trace elements can indicate the degree of karstification and quantitatively estimate the proportions of karst water sources, providing scientific guidance for addressing complex resource and environmental issues in karst areas.

Key words: trace elements, karst underground river, karst development, karst hydrology

中图分类号:

吴庆, 黄芬, 郭永丽, 肖琼, 孙平安, 杨慧, 白冰. 西南岩溶小流域水体中微量元素地球化学特征及其指示意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 397-408.

WU Qing, HUANG Fen, GUO Yongli, XIAO Qiong, SUN Ping’an, YANG Hui, BAI Bing. Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and their implications in the small karst basin, Southwest China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 397-408.

图/表 9

图1 研究区(据文献[27-28])

Fig.1 The study area. Adapted from [27-28].

图2 流域内不同水点微量元素浓度特征

Fig.2 The contents of trace elements of different water types in the basin

图3 pH与微量元素浓度相关关系图 k为斜率值;r为相关系数。

Fig.3 Correlation maps among pH and trace elements (k: slope value; r: correlation coefficient)

表1 微量元素与常规水化学组分相关系数矩阵表

Table 1 The matrix table of correlation coefficients among trace elements and common hydrochemical ions

组分	各组分间相关系数
组分	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	$NO 3 -$	SiO₂	Al	Cr	Ni	Co	Mn	Sr
K⁺+Na⁺	1
Ca²⁺	0.46^**	1
Mg²⁺	0.09	0.04	1
Cl^-	0.50^**	0.56^**	0.01	1
$SO 4 2 -$	0.47^**	0.48^**	0.02	0.52^**	1
$HCO 3 -$	0.41^**	0.80^**	0.02	0.46^**	0.43^**	1
$NO 3 -$	0.50^**	0.49^**	-0.02	0.40^**	0.52^**	0.35^**	1
SiO₂	0.07	-0.34^**	0.27^*	-0.20	-0.04	-0.16	-0.03	1
Al	-0.12	-0.15	-0.05	0.09	-0.19	-0.19	-0.32^*	-0.19	1
Cr	0.27^**	0.35^**	0.18	0.14	0.26^*	0.41^**	0.12	0.08	-0.31^*	1
Ni	0.21	0.44^**	-0.08	0.16	0.43^**	0.38^**	0.20	-0.15	-0.27^*	0.58^**	1
Co	0.25^**	0.48^**	-0.18	0.18	0.45^**	0.34^**	0.31^*	-0.24	-0.32^*	0.52^**	0.78^**	1
Mn	0.16	-0.01	-0.12	0.15	0.18	-0.10	0.10	-0.01	0.07	0.04	0.12	0.24	1
Sr	0.52^**	0.58^**	0.01	0.31^*	0.65^**	0.53^**	0.64^**	-0.03	-0.42^*	0.42^**	0.51^**	0.56^**	0.10	1

表1 微量元素与常规水化学组分相关系数矩阵表

Table 1 The matrix table of correlation coefficients among trace elements and common hydrochemical ions

组分	各组分间相关系数
组分	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	$NO 3 -$	SiO₂	Al	Cr	Ni	Co	Mn	Sr
K⁺+Na⁺	1
Ca²⁺	0.46^**	1
Mg²⁺	0.09	0.04	1
Cl^-	0.50^**	0.56^**	0.01	1
$SO 4 2 -$	0.47^**	0.48^**	0.02	0.52^**	1
$HCO 3 -$	0.41^**	0.80^**	0.02	0.46^**	0.43^**	1
$NO 3 -$	0.50^**	0.49^**	-0.02	0.40^**	0.52^**	0.35^**	1
SiO₂	0.07	-0.34^**	0.27^*	-0.20	-0.04	-0.16	-0.03	1
Al	-0.12	-0.15	-0.05	0.09	-0.19	-0.19	-0.32^*	-0.19	1
Cr	0.27^**	0.35^**	0.18	0.14	0.26^*	0.41^**	0.12	0.08	-0.31^*	1
Ni	0.21	0.44^**	-0.08	0.16	0.43^**	0.38^**	0.20	-0.15	-0.27^*	0.58^**	1
Co	0.25^**	0.48^**	-0.18	0.18	0.45^**	0.34^**	0.31^*	-0.24	-0.32^*	0.52^**	0.78^**	1
Mn	0.16	-0.01	-0.12	0.15	0.18	-0.10	0.10	-0.01	0.07	0.04	0.12	0.24	1
Sr	0.52^**	0.58^**	0.01	0.31^*	0.65^**	0.53^**	0.64^**	-0.03	-0.42^*	0.42^**	0.51^**	0.56^**	0.10	1

图4 雨季和旱季水体中ρ(Ni)/ρ(Co)比值分布图

Fig.4 Scatter maps of ratio values of ρ(Ni)/ρ(Co) in water samples during rainy season and dry season

图5 Ca、Mg和Sr浓度相关关系图 a—ρ(Ca2+)-ρ(Sr)图;b—ρ(Mg2+)-ρ(Sr)图。

Fig.5 Correlation maps among elements of Ca, Mg and Sr (a: ρ(Ca2+) vs ρ(Sr); b: ρ(Mg2+) vs ρ(Sr))

图6 元素比值分布图 a—ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca2+)图;b—ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg2+)图。

Fig.6 Scatter maps of ratio values of elements (a: ρ(Sr)/ρ(Ca2+); b: ρ(Sr)/ρ(Mg2+))

图7 水化学组分散点分布图(a: n(Ca2++Mg2+)-n( HCO 3 -+ SO 4 2 -)图;b: ρ(SiO2)-ρ(Sr)图)

Fig.7 Scatter maps of hydrochemical compounds (a: n(Ca2++Mg2+) vs n( HCO 3 -+ SO 4 2 -);b: ρ(SiO2) vs ρ(Sr))

图8 各个取样点ρ(Sr)随降水的变化曲线

Fig.8 Variation curves of ρ(Sr) at different sampling points with precipitation

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西南岩溶小流域水体中微量元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and their implications in the small karst basin, Southwest China

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