西太暖池区生物组分对海底表层沉积物物理力学性质的影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.5.2

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 119-132.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.5.2

西太暖池区生物组分对海底表层沉积物物理力学性质的影响

周尚¹^,²(), 徐继尚¹^,²^,³, 刘勇¹^,²^,^*(), 李广雪¹^,²^,³, 李安龙¹^,²^,³, 曹立华¹^,²^,³, 翟科⁴, 徐继正³, 权永峥¹^,²

1.中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100
2.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266100
3.中国海洋大学海洋油气开发与安全保障教育部工程研究中心, 山东青岛 266100
4.青岛海大海洋能源工程技术股份有限公司, 山东青岛 266073

收稿日期:2021-02-17 修回日期:2021-04-22 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-08-24
通讯作者: 刘勇
作者简介:周尚(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事海洋工程地质研究工作。E-mail: 1178088748@qq.com
基金资助:
自然资源部全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-PAC-CJ15);国家自然科学基金项目(41976198);国家自然科学基金项目(91858203)

Effects of biocomponent on the geotechnical properties of seafloor surface sediments in the Western Pacific Warm Pool

ZHOU Shang¹^,²(), XU Jishang¹^,²^,³, LIU Yong¹^,²^,^*(), LI Guangxue¹^,²^,³, LI Anlong¹^,²^,³, CAO Lihua¹^,²^,³, ZHAI Ke⁴, XU Jizheng³, QUAN Yongzheng¹^,²

1. Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3. Engineering Research Center of Marine Petroleum Development and Security Safeguard, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4. Qingdao Haida Ocean Energy Engineering Technology Co. Ltd,Qingdao 266073, China

Received:2021-02-17 Revised:2021-04-22 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-08-24
Contact: LIU Yong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西太平洋暖池区是指位于热带西太平洋及印度洋东部海表温度常年在28 ℃以上的海域,是全球海表温度最高的深海区,构造环境与沉积环境复杂,沉积物中的生物组分含量差异较大,生物组分会对深海沉积物物理力学性质产生显著影响,但目前对沉积物中生物组分含量和沉积物物理力学性质之间的相关性关系尚不明确。本文对西太平洋暖池区核心部位的表层沉积物样品进行现场物理力学性质测试和室内涂片鉴定,研究深海表层沉积物的物理力学性质与生物组分之间的关系。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物含水率范围为61.1%~435.1%,天然密度范围为1.04~1.76 g/cm³,贯入阻力范围为0~100 kPa,十字板剪切强度范围为0~8.6 kPa,整体具有高含水率、低密度、低强度等典型的深海沉积物物理力学性质特点。西加洛林海脊、海山等CCD以浅的区域为钙质生物组分>50%的钙质沉积区;西加洛林海槽西南部及其周边的深水沟槽地区一般为硅质生物组分>50%的硅质沉积;西加洛林海盆内部则主要为黏土沉积区。随钙质生物组分减少和硅质生物组分增多,表层沉积物类型分别为钙质沉积物、黏土沉积物和硅质沉积物,天然含水率变高,天然密度、贯入阻力和十字板剪切强度降低,表明深海表层沉积物的物理力学性质与生物组分含量密切相关:贯入阻力、十字板剪切强度、天然密度与钙质生物组分含量呈正相关,与硅质生物组分含量呈负相关;而天然含水率正好相反,与钙质生物组分含量呈负相关,与硅质生物组分含量呈正相关。本文建立了深海沉积物中生物组分与物理力学性质之间的相关关系,提出了沉积物生物组分含量与物理力学性质之间的拟合公式,可以为深海沉积物工程性质的评价提供参考。

关键词: 深海表层沉积物, 生物组分, 天然含水率, 天然密度, 贯入阻力, 十字板剪切强度

Abstract:

The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is located in the tropical western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean with an average annual surface water temperature of over 28 ℃. Due to the varying depositional environments under different tectonic settings, the biocomponent contents in pelagic sediments of the WPWP differ greatly. Biocomponents have a significant impact on the geotechnical properties of deep-see sediments, however, the correlation between the two has not been studied previously. To fill this gap, we investigated the geotechnical properties of surface sediments in the core of the WPWP and identified the sediment components under microscope. As results show, the natural moisture content ranges from 61.1% to 435.1%, natural density from 1.04 to 1.76 g/cm³, penetration resistance from 0 to 100 kPa, and vane shear strength from 0 to 8.6 kPa. The high natural moisture content, low natural density, and low shear strength are consistent with the characteristics of typical geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediment. Calcareous sediments of the Western Carolingian ridge, seamounts and other areas with water depths less than the CCD (Carbonate Compensation Depth) generally contain more than 50% calcareous biocomponents, and the same proportion of siliceous biocomponents is likely found in siliceous sediments of the southwestern Western Carolingian trough and surrounding deep trench areas; whereas clay sediments mainly distribute in the Western Carolingian basin. With decreasing calcareous and increasing siliceous biocomponents, the surface sediment varies from calcareous to clay to siliceous and its natural moisture content increases while its natural density, penetration resistance and vane shear strength decrease. It suggests that the geotechnical properties of deep-sea surface sediment are correlated with the contents of biocomponents—specifically, its penetration resistance, vane shear strength and natural density are positively influenced by calcareous biocomponents and negatively influenced by siliceous biocomponents, while the opposite holds true for natural moisture content. This paper establishes the relationship between biocomponent and geotechnical properties of abyssal sediments, and proposes a fitting formula between the biocomponent content and geotechnical properties, which is useful for evaluating the geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments.

Key words: deep-sea surface sediment, biocomponent, natural moisture content, natural density, penetration resistance, vane shear strength

中图分类号:

P67
P736.2

周尚, 徐继尚, 刘勇, 李广雪, 李安龙, 曹立华, 翟科, 徐继正, 权永峥. 西太暖池区生物组分对海底表层沉积物物理力学性质的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 119-132.

ZHOU Shang, XU Jishang, LIU Yong, LI Guangxue, LI Anlong, CAO Lihua, ZHAI Ke, XU Jizheng, QUAN Yongzheng. Effects of biocomponent on the geotechnical properties of seafloor surface sediments in the Western Pacific Warm Pool[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 119-132.

图/表 15

图1 研究区地理位置及季风洋流示意图图中红色箭头代表表层与次表层流,黄色箭头为深层流,绿色箭头为南极中层水。NEC—北赤道流;KC—黑潮;MC—棉兰老流;NGCUC—新几内亚沿岸潜流;NGCC—新几内亚近岸流;NEUC—北赤道潜流;LUC—呂宋潜流;MUC—棉兰老潜流;NECC—北赤道逆流;AAIW—南极中层水;LCPW—绕极深层水;NPDW—北太平洋深层水;EASM—东亚夏季风;EAWM—东亚冬季风。

Fig.1 Diagram of geographical location, together with monsoon and current in study area

图2 取样站位及研究区水深地形图

Fig.2 Sampling station location, together with water depth and topographic map of study area

图3 研究区表层沉积物钙质生物(a)与硅质生物(b)组分分布

Fig.3 Distribution of calcareous components (a) and siliceous components (b) in surface sediments of study area

图4 研究区沉积物类型划分(据文献[22-23]) 1—黏土;2—含钙质的黏土;3—含硅质的黏土;4—含硅质和钙质的黏土;5—钙质黏土;6—硅质黏土;7—含硅质的钙质黏土;8—含钙质的硅质黏土;9—钙质软泥;10—含硅质的钙质软泥;11—含黏土的钙质软泥;12—含黏土和硅质的钙质软泥;13—硅质钙质软泥;14—黏土钙质软泥;15—含黏土的硅质钙质软泥;16—含硅质的黏土钙质软泥;17—黏土硅质钙质软泥;18—硅质软泥;19—含钙质的硅质软泥;20—含黏土的硅质软泥;21—含黏土和钙质的硅质软泥;22—钙质硅质软泥;23—黏土硅质软泥;24—含黏土的钙质硅质软泥;25—含钙质的黏土硅质软泥;26—黏土钙质硅质软泥。

Fig.4 Classification of sediment types in study area. Adapted from [22-23].

图5 研究区沉积物类型分布图

Fig.5 Distribution map of sediment types in study area

图6 研究区表层沉积物现场照片和涂片镜下图像

Fig.6 Field and smear photos of surface sediments in study area

表1 研究区表层沉积物的物理力学性质主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of geotechnical properties of surface sediments in study area

沉积物类型	天然含水率/%			天然密度/(g·cm^-3)				十字板剪切强度/kPa				贯入阻力/kPa
沉积物类型	范围	平均值			范围	平均值			范围	平均值			范围		平均值
含硅质的黏土	146.7~208.5		179.7	1.11~1.24			1.17	0			0	0		0
含硅质和钙质的黏土	156.2~198.0		178.4	1.28~1.34			1.30	3.0~3.6			2.2	20~30		17
钙质黏土	183.6~226.6		203.2	1.23~1.33			1.27	0~4.6			1.5	0~30		10
硅质黏土	224.5~289.3		260.0	1.04~1.22			1.16	0			0	0		0
含硅质的钙质黏土	143.8~277.9		226.2	1.18~1.32			1.25	0.8~3.2			2.2	0~20		4
含钙质的硅质黏土	230.5~343.8		279.9	1.15~1.26			1.20	0~1.6			0.8	0		0
钙质软泥	61.1~117.1		92.7	1.10~1.60			1.45	0~6.4			5.0	40~90		69
含硅质的钙质软泥	99.9~114.6		106.7	1.51~1.54			1.53	0~6.4			4.9	40~90		80
含黏土的钙质软泥	88.9~180.5		109.1	1.36~1.76			1.50	0~8.6			4.8	28~100		68
含黏土和硅质的钙质软泥	86.9~212.8		122.2	1.27~1.51			1.39	0~7.2			3.8	0~80		41
黏土钙质软泥	123.7~214.6		153.7	1.11~1.47			1.27	0~4			2	0~40		18
含黏土的硅质钙质软泥	184.7~333.7		239.2	1.08~1.28			1.21	0~2.2			1.5	0~20		7
含硅质的黏土钙质软泥	110.7~228.8		161.3	1.16~1.43			1.34	0~4.8			2.5	0~50		20
黏土硅质钙质软泥	115.4~254.7		186.1	1.10~1.43			1.28	0~3.4			1.1	0~30		10
硅质软泥	375.2~435.1		400.9	1.05~1.11			1.08	0			0	0		0
黏土硅质软泥	338.9~406.2		362.8	1.09~1.16			1.13	0~1.2			0.4	0		0
含黏土的钙质硅质软泥	208.6		208.6	1.24			1.24	1.2			1.2	0		0
黏土钙质硅质软泥	110.0~294.6		202.3	1.14~1.32			1.23	0~2.4			1.2	0		0

图7 表层沉积物天然含水率(a)及其与沉积物类型的关系(b)

Fig.7 Natural moisture content of surface sediments in each location (a) and its relationship with sediment types (b)

图8 表层沉积物天然密度(a)及其与沉积物类型的关系(b)

Fig.8 Natural density of surface sediments in each location (a) and its relationship with sediment types (b)

图9 表层沉积物贯入阻力(a)及其与沉积物类型的关系(b)

Fig.9 Penetration resistance of surface sediments in each location (a) and its relationship with sediment types (b)

图10 表层沉积物十字板剪切强度(a)及其与沉积物类型的关系(b)

Fig.10 Vane shear strength of surface sediments in each location (a) and its relationship with sediment types (b)

图11 研究区与其他海域表层沉积物物理力学性质对比图

Fig.11 Comparison diagram of geotechnical properties of surface sediments between study area and other deep-sea areas

图12 表层沉积物钙质生物组分含量与物理力学性质关系

Fig.12 Relationship between calcareous biological component contents and geotechnical properties of surface sediments

表2 表层沉积物生物组分与物理力学性质的相关性分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis between biological components and geotechnical properties of surface sediments

r(Pearson 相关性)	天然密度/(g·cm^-3)	天然含水率/%	十字板剪切强度/kPa	贯入阻力/kPa
钙质生物组分	0.74	-0.83	0.68	0.68
硅质生物组分	-0.63	0.81	-0.58	-0.51

图13 表层沉积物硅质生物组分含量与物理力学性质关系

Fig.13 Relationship between siliceous biological component contents and geotechnical properties of surface sediments

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西太暖池区生物组分对海底表层沉积物物理力学性质的影响

Effects of biocomponent on the geotechnical properties of seafloor surface sediments in the Western Pacific Warm Pool

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