海洋低氧环境底栖有孔虫研究进展

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.23

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 59-72.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.23

海洋低氧环境底栖有孔虫研究进展

徐昭萌¹^,²(), 刘素美¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心/海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237

收稿日期:2020-09-06 修回日期:2020-12-15 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-08-24
通信作者: 刘素美
作者简介:徐昭萌(1989—),男,博士后,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究工作。E-mail: xzm@ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金重点项目(U1806211);国家自然科学基金项目(42106047);国家自然科学基金项目(41776087);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2020QD079);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202072013);泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目(ts201511014);博士后国际交流计划派出项目(2020123);青岛市博士后应用研究项目(2019202)

Benthic foraminifera in marine hypoxic environment: A review of recent research advances

XU Zhaomeng¹^,²(), LIU Sumei¹^,²^,^*()

1. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System / Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China

Received:2020-09-06 Revised:2020-12-15 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-08-24
Contact: LIU Sumei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖和人为活动不断加剧海洋低氧环境发生的频率和范围,低氧对全球海洋底栖生物群落结构造成重大影响。底栖有孔虫能够广泛适应生存在各种海洋低氧环境中,是极少数能适应低氧环境的真核生物之一,底栖有孔虫对低氧环境的响应及适应机制研究是海洋研究领域的前沿和热点话题,至今仍存在很多谜团。本文总结了不同海洋低氧环境活体底栖有孔虫分布特征、活体底栖有孔虫对人为诱导低氧环境的响应、低氧环境下底栖有孔虫外壳化学组成特征、低氧环境下底栖有孔虫的生存机理,期望为后续推进海洋低氧环境下底栖有孔虫相关研究进一步开展提供参考和借鉴。底栖有孔虫作为古海洋环境重建的重要工具,对我们了解全球海洋低氧环境的历史演化进程具有非常重要的意义。展望未来我们需要进一步加强有孔虫细胞生理学和分子生物学对低氧环境的适应机制研究,从系统发生学上认识真核生物对低氧环境适应的历史演化进程,为利用有孔虫作为工具更好地重建和预测海洋低氧环境变化提供理论依据。

关键词: 有孔虫, 低氧, 无氧, 底栖, 沉积物, 反硝化

Abstract:

Global warming and human activities increase the frequency and scope of marine low-oxygen environments, and hypoxia has a significant impact on marine benthic communities. Benthic foraminifera, among a few eukaryotes, can widely adapt to and survive in various marine low-oxygen environments, and the response of benthic foraminifera to hypoxia and the adaptation mechanisms are hot topics in marine research with many unsolved mysteries. This article summarizes the distribution characteristics of living foraminifera in various marine hypoxic environments and their response to artificially induced hypoxic environment, chemical composition characteristics of benthic foraminiferal shells in hypoxic environment, and survival mechanisms of foraminifera in hypoxic environments, seeking to provide a reference for future research on benthic foraminifera under marine hypoxic environment. Benthic foraminifera, as an important tool for the reconstruction of the ancient marine environment, are of great significance to our understanding of the evolutionary history of ocean hypoxia. Looking forward, future researches should focus on cellular, molecular and physiological investigation of the mechanisms of foraminiferal adaptation to hypoxic environment as well as gaining phylogenic insights into the historical evolutionary processes of eukaryotic adaptation to hypoxic environment, so as to provide a theoretical basis for using foraminifera as a tool to better reconstruct and predict changes under hypoxic conditions.

Key words: foraminifera, hypoxic, anoxic, benthic, sediment, denitrification

中图分类号:

P735

徐昭萌, 刘素美. 海洋低氧环境底栖有孔虫研究进展[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 59-72.

XU Zhaomeng, LIU Sumei. Benthic foraminifera in marine hypoxic environment: A review of recent research advances[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 59-72.

图/表 3

图1 活体底栖有孔虫在沉积物中垂直分布理想模型(据文献[6]修改)

Fig.1 Ideal model for vertical distribution of live benthic foraminifera in sediments. Modified after [6].

图2 不同低氧环境下的底栖有孔虫垂直分布特点

Fig.2 Vertical distribution characteristics of benthic foraminifera in different hypoxic environments

图3 有孔虫细胞内储存和利用硝酸盐机制(据文献[12⇓-14,16⇓-18,43,45,47,52,55,79-80,106-107]) a—有孔虫通过外壳壳孔和转运蛋白主动吸收硝酸盐;b—有孔虫细胞内硝酸盐被富集储存在液泡内;c—有孔虫通过细胞器线粒体进行反硝化作用;d—有孔虫细胞内共生体进行反硝化作用;e—有孔虫体内的硝酸盐被内共生体同化吸收转化为有机氮

Fig.3 Nitrate storage and utilization mechanism in foraminifera cells. Adapted from [12⇓-14,16⇓-18,43,45,47,52,55,79-80,106-107].

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海洋低氧环境底栖有孔虫研究进展

Benthic foraminifera in marine hypoxic environment: A review of recent research advances

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