燕山构造带东段中生界盆地页岩油气地质研究现状与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.72

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国陆相盆地页岩油资源丰富,是我国未来油气增储上产的重要战略接替领域。燕山构造带东段(辽西地区)中生界盆地群页岩油气资源丰富,但尚处于油气勘探空白区,落实其勘探前景势成必然。基于研究区勘探的实际情况,并通过与国内外典型页岩油气盆地石油地质条件对比,综合沉积体系以及烃源岩地球化学参数分析等,明确了燕山构造带东段中生界盆地群页岩油气的资源潜力。研究结果表明:(1)下侏罗统北票组和下白垩统九佛堂组均发育连续厚层的暗色泥页岩,为主力烃源岩层位;(2)烃源岩的总有机碳(TOC)含量均值为1%~4%,以II₁型或II₂干酪根为主,且指示热演化成熟度的镜质体反射率(R_o)普遍高于0.6%,具有良好的油气潜力;(3)两套烃源岩层系均富含火山碎屑成分,脆性矿物含量较高,具有良好的可改造性。针对陆相含油气盆地页岩油气勘探存在的问题,首先讨论了赋存页岩油气重要载体的碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩的多源成因机制与油气富集类型,其中研究区以火山热液型和混源型甜点为主;另外探讨了火山-湖泊作用对有机质的富集效应,认为火山灰的输入提升了有机质的富集效力。同时,根据以往的勘探实践经验,提出原型盆地恢复技术和“天-地-钻”三位一体技术是解决复杂造山带油气勘探(特别是密植山区)中面临的诸多问题的关键。

关键词: 燕山构造带, 辽西, 陆相页岩油气, 细粒沉积, 火山作用, 原型盆地

Abstract:

Continental basins in China possess abundant shale oil and gas resources and are an important strategic successor area for increasing oil and gas reserves and production in the future. The Mesozoic basin group in the eastern section of the Yanshan Orogenic Belt (western Liaoning) has rich yet unexplored shale oil and gas resources, therefore, petroleum prospecting in this area has become inevitable. Through field exploration and comparisons of basin’s geological conditions with that of typical domestic and foreign shale oil and gas basins, combined with comprehensive analysis of geochemical parameters for sedimentary systems and source rocks of the area, the shale oil and gas resource potential of the Mesozoic basin group is evaluated. The results show that (1) the Beipiao Formation of the Lower Jurassic and the Jiufotang Formation of the Lower Cretaceous are the main source rocks, with the extensive developments of thick and dark shales. (2) The source rocks are dominated by type II1/II2 kerogen; their total organic carbon (TOC) content is 1%-4% on average, and vitrinite reflectance (Ro), an indicator of source rock thermal maturity, is generally higher than 0.6%, indicating good petroleum generation potential. (3) The two sets of source rocks are both rich in volcanic clastic components, with high content of brittle minerals, and have good transformability. In view of the problems in shale oil and gas exploration in continental petroliferous basins, the multi-source genetic mechanism and oil and gas enrichment types of carbonate fine-grained sedimentary rocks, an important carrier of shale oil and gas, are first discussed, which suggests that volcanic hydrothermal fluids and mixed-source “sweet spot” are the main enrichment types in the study area; then the enrichment effect of volcano-lake interaction on organic matter is discussed, which indicates the volcanic ash input enhances the enrichment efficiency of organic matter. Meanwhile, based on previous exploration experience, it is proposed that the prototype basin restoration technology and the “space-earth-drilling” trinity technology are the key to solving many problems in the oil and gas exploration of complex orogenic belts (especially densely planted mountainous areas).

Key words: Yanshan Orogenic Belt, western Liaoning, lacustrine shale oil and gas, fine-grained sedimentation, volcanic effects, prototype basin

中图分类号:

TE121

牟汉生, 薛欣宇, 姜在兴. 燕山构造带东段中生界盆地页岩油气地质研究现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 282-295.

MU Hansheng, XUE Xinyu, JIANG Zaixing. Shale oil and gas in the Mesozoic Basins, eastern Yanshan Orogenic Belt—exploration status and outlooks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 282-295.

图/表 6

图1 辽西地区大地构造位置(a),和主要侏罗、白垩纪盆地分布(b)(图a据文献[25⇓⇓-28]修改,图b据文献[49]修改)

Fig.1 (a) Tectonic map of the study area (modified from [25⇓⇓-28]) and (b) distribution of Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary basins in western Liaoning Province (modified from [49]).

图2 辽西中生界盆地北票组和九佛堂组典型露头 a—北票-金羊盆地东坤头营子剖面,北票组,厚层黑色泥页岩夹薄层粉砂岩;b—北票-金羊盆地东坤头营子剖面,北票组,重荷模构造;c—北票-金羊盆地东坤头营子剖面,北票组,平行层理细砂-粉砂岩,鲍马序列b段;d—朝阳盆地波罗赤剖面,九佛堂组,凝灰质泥岩、细粒凝灰岩夹中-粗粒凝灰岩;e—朝阳盆地波罗赤剖面,九佛堂组,局部滑塌变形构造;f,g—朝阳盆地波罗赤剖面,九佛堂组,凝灰质泥岩,TOC含量为3.78%,干酪根类型为II1型;h,i—建昌-喀左盆地威风岭剖面,九佛堂组,连续分布的灰黑色凝灰质泥岩、细粒凝灰岩。

Fig.2 Typical outcrops of the Beipiao (a-c) and Jiufotang (d-i) Formations in Mesozoic Basins, western Liaoning

图3 北票盆地北票组火山碎屑重力流沉积特征 a,b—北参1井,2 589.99 m,塑性玻屑凝灰岩岩屑(a为单片光,b为正交光);c,d—冠1井,464 m,微型槽模构造(c为单片光,d为正交光);e,f—冠1井,426.8 m,喷积岩,泥岩撕裂屑定向排列(f为单片光);g—冠1井,426.8 m,喷积岩,混合液染色,蓝色为铁白云石(单片光)。

Fig.3 Sedimentary characteristics of pyroclastic gravity flow in the Beipiao Formation of well Guan-1, Beipiao Basin

图4 有机质丰度频数分布直方图(图a数据来自文献[56],图b数据来自文献[29]) a,b—北票-金羊盆地北票组细粒沉积岩TOC和氯仿沥青“A”(露头样品33块,岩心样品154块);c,d—朝阳盆地ZK-1006井九佛堂三段细粒沉积岩TOC和岩石热解烃含量。

Fig.4 Histograms for organic matter abundances in samples from the Beipiao (a,b) and Jiufotang (c,d) Formations (a, data adapted from [56]; b, data adapted from [29])

图5 辽西中生界盆地细粒沉积岩矿物组成柱状图(图a数据来自文献[58],图b数据来自文献[29]) a—北票-金羊盆地北票组;b—朝阳盆地九佛堂组。

Fig.5 Columnar diagrams of mineral compositions of fine-grained sedimentary rock samples from the (a) Beipiao (data adapted from [58]) and (b) Jiufotang (data adapted from [29]) Formations in Mesozoic Basins, western Liaoning

图6 碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩多源成因模式(据文献[77]修改)

Fig.6 Multi-source genetic model of carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Modified after [77].

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