化隆—循化盆地不同类型含水层组高氟地下水的分布及形成过程

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.34

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 115-128.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.34

化隆—循化盆地不同类型含水层组高氟地下水的分布及形成过程

邢世平¹(), 郭华明¹^,^*(), 吴萍²^,^*(), 胡学达¹, 赵振², 袁有靖²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 水资源与环境学院暨地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.青海省环境地质勘查局青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司青海省环境地质重点实验室, 青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2021-12-02 修回日期:2022-01-12 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 郭华明,吴萍
作者简介:邢世平(1991—),男,博士研究生,水文地质学专业。E-mail: spxing@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42130509);国家自然科学基金项目(41825017);青海省科学技术厅重点实验室创建平台建设专项(2021-ZJ-Y11)

Distribution and formation processes of high fluoride groundwater in different types of aquifers in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin

XING Shiping¹(), GUO Huaming¹^,^*(), WU Ping²^,^*(), HU Xueda¹, ZHAO Zhen², YUAN Youjing²

1. School of Water Resources and Environment & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Labobratory of Geo-environment Qinghai Province, Qinghai 906 Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Environmental Geological Exploration Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China

Received:2021-12-02 Revised:2022-01-12 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: GUO Huaming,WU Ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然成因的高氟地下水是世界范围内备受关注的环境问题和饮用水安全问题。前人对高氟地下水的形成过程已开展了大量研究,但是对于高原盆地复杂水文地质条件下不同类型含水层组(第四系松散层含水层、基岩裂隙或岩溶含水层以及新生代古近纪以来的碎屑岩含水层)高氟地下水的分布和形成过程尚不明确。本文以化隆—循化盆地为研究区,通过采集、测试研究区内的各类地下水样品,分析研究区内不同类型含水层中地下水的化学特征及同位素特征。结果表明,高氟地下水(1.007.73 mg/L)主要分布在沿黄河的河谷区域和巴燕低山丘陵区域的泉水和潜水中以及深部的承压水中,在垂向上高氟地下水无明显分布规律。接受黄河水入渗补给的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较低,补给黄河的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较高。贫钙富钠的弱碱性苏打型水有利于地下水中氟的富集。泉水和潜水中氟主要来源于萤石的溶解,而承压水中氟除了来源于萤石外,还来源于其他含氟矿物。对于潜水和第四系松散层泉水,蒸发浓缩作用促进了地下水中氟的富集。另外,阴离子竞争吸附作用、阳离子交换吸附作用是泉水(第四系松散层泉水和基岩裂隙泉水)和潜水中氟元素富集的主要原因,而承压水中氟离子浓度受竞争吸附作用影响较大,阳离子交换吸附作用影响较小。研究成果可为化隆—循化盆地低氟地下水的勘查和开发提供科学依据。

关键词: 氟, 地下水, 高原盆地, 水化学特征, 水-岩相互作用

Abstract:

High fluoride (F^-) groundwater of natural origin is an environmental and drinking water safety issue, which has attracted worldwide attention. Although many studies have focused on the formation process of high fluoride groundwater, the distribution and formation processes of high fluoride groundwater in different types of aquifers (Quaternary aquifer, bedrock fissure or karst aquifer, clastic aquifer) under complex hydrogeological conditions in the plateau basin are poorly understood. Phreatic groundwater, confined groundwater, and spring water (Quaternary aquifer spring water and bedrock fissure spring water) samples were obtained from the Hualong-Xunhua Basin for chemical and isotopic analyses to reveal the genesis of high fluoride groundwater. The fluoride concentrations in groundwater samples were found to range from 0.25 to 7.73 mg/L. High fluoride groundwater (F^->1.0 mg/L) was mainly distributed in spring water and phreatic water along the Yellow River Valley area and the Bayan low mountaineous and hilly areas, as well as in deep confined groundwater. However, the variation pattern of F^- concentration along the depth is complex. Phreatic water in the Yellow River Valley area that recharged the Yellow River generally has high F^- concentration, while phreatic water in the Yellow River Valley recharged by the Yellow River has low F^- concentration. Ca-poor and Na-rich alkaline soda water is beneficial to F^- enrichment in groundwater. Fluoride in spring water and phreatic water are mainly derived from the dissolution of fluorite. However, in confined groundwater, it is mainly derived from fluorite and other fluoride-containing minerals. For phreatic and Quaternary aquifer spring water, evaporative concentration processes promotes fluoride enrichment. In addition, competitive adsorption of coexisting anions and cation exchange are the causes of high fluoride in spring water (Quaternary aquifer spring water and bedrock fissure spring water) and phreatic water, while cation exchange contributes the most to fluoride enrichment in confined groundwater. This study provides a scientific basis for the exploration and development of safe (low fluoride) groundwater in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin.

Key words: fluoride, groundwater, the plateau basin, hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater-rock interaction

中图分类号:

X523
X131

邢世平, 郭华明, 吴萍, 胡学达, 赵振, 袁有靖. 化隆—循化盆地不同类型含水层组高氟地下水的分布及形成过程[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 115-128.

XING Shiping, GUO Huaming, WU Ping, HU Xueda, ZHAO Zhen, YUAN Youjing. Distribution and formation processes of high fluoride groundwater in different types of aquifers in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 115-128.

图/表 14

图1 采样点位置和分布以及地下水中氟离子浓度分布图

Fig.1 (a) Locations and distribution of sampling sites in the study area and (b-g) variation patters of groundwater (spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater) fluoride concentrations in various sections of the study area

图2 甘都沟水文地质纵剖面图(a)街子沟水文地质纵剖面图(b)

Fig.2 Hydrogeological sections of Gandu (I-II) (a) and Jiezi (III-IV) (b)

表1 地下水样中各理化指标统计结果

Table 1 Statistics of various physical and chemical indicators in groundwater samples

指标/样品编号		pH值	ORP/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	ρ/(mg·L^-1)
指标/样品编号		pH值	ORP/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺
泉水(n=47)	最小值	6.57	87.2	336	2.81	0.53	30.8	7.26
	中位数	7.45	130	531	14.0	1.86	69.2	20.8
	最大值	8.85	212	3 540	601	9.93	168	79.2
	平均值	7.53	133	738	53.5	2.37	74.9	25.0
潜水(n=22)	最小值	6.75	33.3	439	14.7	1.63	57.0	12.6
	中位数	7.28	114	1 190	93.4	4.16	119	47.2
	最大值	7.88	164	13 040	2 480	15.6	450	286
	平均值	7.34	107	1 950	232	4.49	161	59.2
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-1	9.91	-217	7 040	1 150	11.9	419	1.33
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-2	9.11	-288	3 090	576	10.6	82.9	0.12
指标/样品编号		ρ/(mg·L^-1)					δ¹⁸O/‰	δD/‰
指标/样品编号		Cl^-	$NO 3 -$	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	F^-	δ¹⁸O/‰	δD/‰
泉水(n=47)	最小值	3.85	0.00	15.8	128	0.25	-10.7	-73.4
	中位数	12.8	14.1	50.0	245	0.50	-8.80	-60.8
	最大值	472	102	1 370	388	2.32	-6.46	-46.6
	平均值	44.3	18.9	128	258	0.69	-8.87	-60.5
潜水(n=22)	最小值	14.53	3.31	43.2	220	0.32	-10.9	-80.2
	中位数	73.5	32.0	229	389	1.11	-9.52	-70.4
	最大值	1 580	90.4	5 210	683	3.78	-8.13	-57.2
	平均值	168	33.2	590	403	1.25	-9.56	-68.7
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-1	2 045	1.54	1 090	17.5	5.06	-9.44	-80.3
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-2	599	1.51	679	52.5	7.73	-10.0	-87.0

表1 地下水样中各理化指标统计结果

Table 1 Statistics of various physical and chemical indicators in groundwater samples

指标/样品编号		pH值	ORP/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	ρ/(mg·L^-1)
指标/样品编号		pH值	ORP/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺
泉水(n=47)	最小值	6.57	87.2	336	2.81	0.53	30.8	7.26
	中位数	7.45	130	531	14.0	1.86	69.2	20.8
	最大值	8.85	212	3 540	601	9.93	168	79.2
	平均值	7.53	133	738	53.5	2.37	74.9	25.0
潜水(n=22)	最小值	6.75	33.3	439	14.7	1.63	57.0	12.6
	中位数	7.28	114	1 190	93.4	4.16	119	47.2
	最大值	7.88	164	13 040	2 480	15.6	450	286
	平均值	7.34	107	1 950	232	4.49	161	59.2
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-1	9.91	-217	7 040	1 150	11.9	419	1.33
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-2	9.11	-288	3 090	576	10.6	82.9	0.12
指标/样品编号		ρ/(mg·L^-1)					δ¹⁸O/‰	δD/‰
指标/样品编号		Cl^-	$NO 3 -$	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	F^-	δ¹⁸O/‰	δD/‰
泉水(n=47)	最小值	3.85	0.00	15.8	128	0.25	-10.7	-73.4
	中位数	12.8	14.1	50.0	245	0.50	-8.80	-60.8
	最大值	472	102	1 370	388	2.32	-6.46	-46.6
	平均值	44.3	18.9	128	258	0.69	-8.87	-60.5
潜水(n=22)	最小值	14.53	3.31	43.2	220	0.32	-10.9	-80.2
	中位数	73.5	32.0	229	389	1.11	-9.52	-70.4
	最大值	1 580	90.4	5 210	683	3.78	-8.13	-57.2
	平均值	168	33.2	590	403	1.25	-9.56	-68.7
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-1	2 045	1.54	1 090	17.5	5.06	-9.44	-80.3
承压水(n=2)	HL-CG-2	599	1.51	679	52.5	7.73	-10.0	-87.0

图3 地下水(泉水、潜水和承压水)Piper三线图以及不同类型地下水中氟离子浓度

Fig.3 Piper diagram of spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater samples with varying fluoride concentrations

图4 化隆—循化盆地各类水样中δD与δ18O之间的关系

Fig.4 Bivariate plots of δD and δ18O values in groundwater samples with varying floride concentrations for three water types in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin

图5 潜水与承压水中F-浓度沿垂向变化

Fig.5 Variations of F- concentration along the sampling depth in phreatic water and confined groundwater samples

图6 泉水和潜水中Ca2+(a)、Na+(b)的质量分数与氟离子浓度之间的关系

Fig.6 Bivariate plots of fluoride concentration and mass percent of Ca2+ (a) or Na+ (b) in spring water and phreatic water samples

图7 泉水、潜水和承压水中Mg2+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+(物质的量浓度之比)(a)、 HCO 3 -/Na+和Ca2+/Na+(物质的量浓度之比)(b)之间的关系图

Fig.7 Molar ratio bivariate plots of (a) Na-normalized Ca+ and Mg+ and (b) Na-normalized Ca+ and HCO 3 - in spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater samples, revealing the dissolution of silicate and carbonate as the main source of ions in groundwater

图8 地下水中F-与Ca2+离子活度之间的关系(a),地下水中F-与萤石饱和指数(SIfluorite)之间的关系(b), 地下水萤石饱和指数与方解石饱和指数之间的关系(c),地下水萤石饱和指数与白云石饱和指数之间的关系(d)

Fig.8 Bivariate plots of various hydogrochemical indicators in spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater samples with varying fluoride concentrations

图9 泉水、潜水和承压水中Cl-与Na+之间的关系(a),Ca2++Mg2+- SO 4 2 -- HCO 3 -/2与Na++K+-Cl-之间的关系(b)

Fig.9 Bivariate plots of molar concentrations of the major ions in spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater samples

图10 泉水与潜水中F-浓度与Na+-Cl-(a)以及Na/Ca(质量分数之比)(b)之间的关系

Fig.10 Scatter plots showing the relationships between F- concentration and Na+-Cl- (a) or Na/Ca (mass percent ratio) (b) in spring water and phreatic water samples

图11 地下水中的F-与pH值(a)以及 HCO 3 -(b)之间的关系

Fig.11 Scatter plots showing the relationships between F- concentration and pH (a) or HCO 3 - (b) in spring water, phreatic water and confined groundwater samples

图12 化隆—循化盆地地下水Gibbs图 (Na+/(Na++Ca2+)为质量分数比)

Fig.12 Gibbs diagram of groundwater in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin (Na+/(Na++Ca2+) is the mass percent ratio)

图13 泉水和潜水中F-与F-/Cl-(质量分数比)之间的关系(a), 潜水中F-与δ18O(图4中蓝色虚线圈内潜水样品)的关系图(b)

Fig.13 Bivariate plots of (a) F- concentration and F-/Cl- (mass percent ratio) in spring water and phreatic water samples showing the effects of evaporative concentration on F enrichment in groundwater, and (b) scatter plot showing the relationship between F- concentration and δ18O in phreatic water samples (same samples as in the green dashed circle in Fig.4)

参考文献 24

[1]	毛若愚, 郭华明, 贾永锋, 等. 内蒙古河套盆地含氟地下水分布特点及成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(2):260-268.
[2]	郭洋楠, 杨俊哲, 张政, 等. 神东矿区矿井水的氢氧同位素特征及高氟矿井水形成的水-岩作用机制[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.0388. DOI
[3]	KHATTAK J A, FAROOQI A, HUSSAIN I, et al. Groundwater fluoride across the Punjab Plains of Pakistan and India: distribution and underlying mechanisms[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 806: 151353.
[4]	周媛, 闫瑞霞, 许蕊, 等. 水源性碘及氟对甲状腺疾病的影响[J]. 中华地方病学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 249-252.
[5]	SU C L, WANG Y X, XIE X J, et al. An isotope hydrochemical approach to understand fluoride release into groundwaters of the Datong Basin, Northern China[J]. Environmental Science Processes and Impacts, 2015, 17(4): 791-801. DOI URL
[6]	KUMAR M, DAS N, GOSWAMI R, et al. Coupling fractionation and batch desorption to understand arsenic and fluoride co-contamination in the aquifer system[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 164: 657-667. DOI URL
[7]	邢丽娜, 郭华明, 魏亮, 等. 华北平原浅层含氟地下水演化特点及成因[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2012, 34(4): 57-67.
[8]	李予红, 宋晓光, 胡斌, 等. 张家口坝上地区高氟地下水分布与成因分析[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 57(6): 745-755.
[9]	GUO Q H, WANG Y X, MA T, et al. Geochemical processes controlling the elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwaters of the Taiyuan Basin, northern China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2007, 93(1): 1-12. DOI URL
[10]	张卓, 柳富田, 陈社明, 等. 滦河三角洲高氟地下水分布特征、形成机理及其开发利用建议[J]. 中国地质, 2021. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1167.P.20210714.1640.002.html.
[11]	WANG Z, GUO H M, XING S P, et al. Hydrogeochemical and geothermal controls on the formation of high fluoride groundwater[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 598: 126372.
[12]	GUO H M, ZHANG Y, XING L N, et al. Spatial variation in arsenic and fluoride concentrations of shallow groundwater from the town of Shahai in the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2012, 27(11): 2187-2196. DOI URL
[13]	刘海燕, 刘茂涵, 张卫民, 等. 华北平原高氟地下水中稀土元素分布和分异特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 129-144.
[14]	袁有靖, 贾君, 刘毅, 等. 青海省循化县城-彩蓝基地地热资源调查评价报告[R]. 西宁: 青海省环境地质勘查局, 2017.
[15]	黄锦忠, 谭红兵, 王若安, 等. 我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究[J]. 水文, 2015, 35(1): 33-39, 50.
[16]	SRACEK O, RAHOBISOA J J, TRUBA J, et al. Geochemistry of thermal waters and arsenic enrichment at Antsirabe, Central Highlands of Madagascar[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 577: 123895.
[17]	QIN D J, TURNER J V, PANG Z H, Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater circulation in the Xi’an geothermal field, China[J]. Geothermics, 2005, 34(4), 471-494. DOI URL
[18]	HALIM M A, MAJUMDER R K, NESSA S A, et al. Evaluation of processes controlling the geochemical constituents in deep groundwater in Bangladesh: spatial variability on arsenic and boron enrichment[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 180(1/2/3):50-62. DOI URL
[19]	FRYAR A E, MULLICAN W F, MACKO S A. Groundwater recharge and chemical evolution in the southern High Plains of Texas, USA[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2001, 9(6): 522-542. DOI URL
[20]	CHAE G T, YUN S T, MAYER B, et al. Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 385(1/2/3): 272-283. DOI URL
[21]	NKOTAGU H. The groundwater geochemistry in a semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement area of Dodoma, Tanzania[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 1996, 23(4): 593-605. DOI URL
[22]	VERMA S, MUKHERJEE A, MAHANTA C, et al. Influence of geology on groundwater-sediment interactions in arsenic enriched tectono-morphic aquifers of the Himalayan Brahmaputra River Basin[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016, 540: 176-195. DOI URL
[23]	KNAPPETT P S K, LI Y M, LOZA I, et al. Rising arsenic concentrations from dewatering a geothermally influenced aquifer in central Mexico[J]. Water Research, 2020, 185: 116257.
[24]	WANG Y X, SHVARTSEV S L, SU C L. Genesis of arsenic/fluoride-enriched soda water: a case study at Datong, northern China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2009, 24(4): 641-649. DOI URL

化隆—循化盆地不同类型含水层组高氟地下水的分布及形成过程

Distribution and formation processes of high fluoride groundwater in different types of aquifers in the Hualong-Xunhua Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 24

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	鹿帅, 苏小四, 冯晓语, 孙超. 河水入渗过程中近岸带地下水中砷的形成与影响因素研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 455-467.
[2]	郭巧娜, 赵岳, 周志芳, 林锦, 戴云峰, 李孟军. 人类活动影响下的龙口海岸带海底地下水排泄通量研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 468-479.
[3]	王焰新, 李俊霞, 谢先军. 高碘地下水成因与分布规律研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 1-10.
[4]	文冬光, 宋健, 刁玉杰, 张林友, 张福存, 张森琦, 叶成明, 朱庆俊, 史彦新, 金显鹏, 贾小丰, 李胜涛, 刘东林, 王新峰, 杨骊, 马鑫, 吴海东, 赵学亮, 郝文杰. 深部水文地质研究的机遇与挑战[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 11-24.
[5]	侯国华, 高茂生, 叶思源, 赵广明. 黄河三角洲浅层地下水盐分来源及咸化过程研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 145-154.
[6]	李海明, 李梦娣, 肖瀚, 刘学娜. 天津平原区浅层地下水水化学特征及碳酸盐风化碳汇研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 167-178.
[7]	崔迪, 杨冰, 郭华明, 连国玺, 孙娟. 砂岩含水介质中铀的吸附和迁移行为研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 217-226.
[8]	刘学娜, 李海明, 李梦娣, 章卫华, 肖瀚. 天津平原区加油站地下水石油烃污染特征及其生物降解机理研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 227-238.
[9]	何宝南, 何江涛, 孙继朝, 王俊杰, 文冬光, 荆继红, 彭聪, 张昌延. 区域地下水污染综合评价研究现状与建议[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 51-63.
[10]	廖福, 罗新, 谢月清, 易立新, 李海龙, 王广才. 氡(²²²Rn)在地下水-地表水相互作用中的应用研究进展[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 76-87.
[11]	吕晓立, 郑跃军, 韩占涛, 李海军, 杨明楠, 张若琳, 刘丹丹. 城镇化进程中珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水中砷分布特征及成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 88-98.
[12]	孙英, 周金龙, 杨方源, 纪媛媛, 曾妍妍. 塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水砷氟碘分布及共富集成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 99-114.
[13]	赵卫东, 赵芦, 龚建师, 周文怡, 钱家忠. 宿州矿区浅层地下水污染评价及源解析[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 1-14.
[14]	解飞, 张玉玺, 刘景涛, 周冰, 向小平. 基于“层级阶梯评价方法”的地下水质量与污染评价:以铜川市为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 15-25.
[15]	朱辉, 叶淑君, 吴吉春, 徐海珍. 中国典型有机污染场地土层岩性和污染物特征分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 26-34.