塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水砷氟碘分布及共富集成因

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.33

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 99-114.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.33

塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水砷氟碘分布及共富集成因

孙英¹^,²^,³(), 周金龙¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 杨方源⁴, 纪媛媛¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 曾妍妍¹^,²^,³

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
4.新疆农业大学数理学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
5.新疆农业职业技术学院, 新疆昌吉831100

收稿日期:2021-12-01 修回日期:2022-01-14 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 周金龙
作者简介:孙英(1994—),女,博士研究生,主要从事地下水资源评价与水质演化方面的研究工作。E-mail: 879986831@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42067035);国家自然科学基金项目(42007161);新疆农业大学水利工程重点学科项目(SLXK2019-10);新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治自治区重点实验室2021年开放课题(ZDSYS-JS-2021-10)

Distribution and co-enrichment genesis of arsenic, fluorine and iodine in groundwater of the oasis belt in the southern margin of Tarim Basin

SUN Ying¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Jinlong¹^,²^,³^,^*(), YANG Fangyuan⁴, JI Yuanyuan¹^,²^,³^,⁵, ZENG Yanyan¹^,²^,³

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Ürümqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Ürümqi 830052, China
4. College of Mathematics and Physics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
5. Xinjiang Agricultural Professional Technological College, Changji 831100, China

Received:2021-12-01 Revised:2022-01-14 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: ZHOU Jinlong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于地表水资源稀缺,地下水是塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带重要用水水源,因此,系统查明该区地下水砷氟碘的分布及成因至关重要。基于塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带233组地下水水样检测结果,分析不同含水层中高砷、高氟和高碘地下水的空间分布及水化学特征,结合研究区地质、水文地质条件和地下水赋存环境进一步揭示影响地下水砷氟碘的来源、迁移与富集的水文地球化学过程。结果表明:地下水砷、氟、碘浓度变化范围分别为1.091.2 μg/L、0.0128.31 mg/L、10.02 637.0 μg/L。地下水高砷、高氟和高碘水样分别占总水样的7.3%、47.2%和11.6%,砷氟碘共富集占比为3.0%。砷氟碘共富集地下水主要分布于研究区中部的民丰县,水化学类型主要为Cl·SO₄-Na型。自补给区至过渡区再至蒸发区,地下水氟、碘浓度明显增大,砷浓度在过渡区和蒸发区均较大;砷氟碘共富集地下水取样点主要分布于36.060.0 m深度的浅层承压含水层中。浅层地下水受蒸发作用和矿物溶解沉淀作用的影响,随砷氟碘富集项的增多而增大。第四纪成因类型中风积物对氟浓度的影响较大,洪积-湖积物对砷和碘浓度的影响较大。细粒岩性、平缓的地形、地下水浅埋条件、偏碱性的地下水环境、微生物降解作用下有机质介导的矿物溶解是利于砷氟碘共富集的主要机制。

关键词: 砷, 氟, 碘, 共富集, 地下水, 塔里木盆地南缘

Abstract:

Owing to the scarcity of surface water resources, groundwater is an important water source in the oasis belt of the southern margin of Tarim Basin. Thus, it is very important to systematically identify the distribution and origin of arsenic, fluorine, and iodine in groundwater in this area. Based on the detection results of 233 groups of groundwater samples from the oasis belt of the southern margin of Tarim Basin, the spatial distribution and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater with high arsenic, high fluorine, and high iodine in different aquifers were analyzed, and the hydrogeochemical processes that affected the source, migration, and enrichment of arsenic, fluorine, and iodine in groundwater were further revealed by combining the geological and hydrogeological conditions with the groundwater occurrence environment in the study area. The levels of arsenic, fluorine, and iodine in groundwater were found to vary from 1.0-91.2 μg/L, 0.01-28.31 mg/L, and 10.0-2 637.0 μg/L, respectively. Groundwater samples with high arsenic, high fluorine, and high iodine accounted for 7.3%, 47.2%, and 11.6% of the total water samples, respectively, and arsenic, fluorine, and iodine co-enrichment accounted for 3.0%. Arsenic, fluorine, and iodine co-enriched groundwater was found to be mainly distributed in Minfeng County in the middle of the study area, and the Cl·SO₄-Na type was identified as the main hydrochemical type. Groundwater fluorine and iodine levels significantly increased from the recharge zone to the transition zone and then to the evaporation zone. Further, arsenic levels were greater in both the transition and evaporation zones. The sampling points for arsenic, fluorine, and iodine co-enrichment in groundwater were mainly distributed in the shallow confined aquifer of 36-60 m. Shallow groundwater was affected by evaporation and mineral dissolution and precipitation, which increased with an increase in the arsenic, fluorine, and iodine enrichment terms. Quaternary aeolian deposit had a remarkable influence on fluorine content, while pluvial- lacustrine deposit had a great influence on arsenic and iodine content. Altogether, fine-grained lithology, gentle terrain, shallow burial conditions of groundwater, slightly alkaline groundwater environment, and mineral dissolution mediated by organic matter under microbial degradation were the main mechanisms conducive to arsenic, fluorine, and iodine co-enrichment.

Key words: arsenic, fluoride, iodine, co-enrichment, groundwater, the southern margin of Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

孙英, 周金龙, 杨方源, 纪媛媛, 曾妍妍. 塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水砷氟碘分布及共富集成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 99-114.

SUN Ying, ZHOU Jinlong, YANG Fangyuan, JI Yuanyuan, ZENG Yanyan. Distribution and co-enrichment genesis of arsenic, fluorine and iodine in groundwater of the oasis belt in the southern margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 99-114.

图/表 14

图1 塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水取样点位置及分布

Fig.1 Distribution of groundwater sampling sites in the oasis belt in the southern margin of Tarim Basin

图2 研究区水文地质剖面图

Fig.2 Hydrogeological profile in the study area

表1 研究区地下水化学组分浓度统计表

Table 1 Statistics of hydrogeological properties and hydrochemical composition of groundwater in the study area

区域	含水层类型 (井深,样品数)		ρ_B/(μg·L^-1)		ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)												Eh/mV		pH值
区域	含水层类型 (井深,样品数)		As	I	F^-	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	TDS	TH	$NO 3 -$ -N	Fe	Mn	Eh/mV		pH值
补给区	单一结构潜水 (70300 m, n=20)	最大值	4.0	40.0	4.13	445.36	212.89	234.62	655.43	1 036.14	317.37	2 189.07	1 284.49	5.10	12.69	0.36		202.00	8.69
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.16	26.09	26.23	6.59	14.36	53.51	97.24	198.50	111.60	0.35	<0.01	<0.001		69.00	7.78
		均值	1.3	29.5	0.88	142.78	80.99	43.36	183.68	295.66	153.23	840.82	382.06	1.49	2.18	0.09		135.50	8.24
过渡区	单一结构潜水 (15180 m, n=63) 浅层承压水 (2580 m, n=23) 深层承压水 (90130 m, n=11)	最大值	91.2	734.0	28.31	14 160.41	385.20	760.45	14 348.64	9 889.67	3 954.03	41 282.73	3 381.10	42.15	20.52	4.11		255.00	9.51
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.24	28.35	20.06	6.30	25.13	19.00	36.62	209.40	119.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		18.00	6.86
		均值	3.9	48.1	2.05	688.87	108.28	81.35	773.62	688.12	377.72	2 565.35	597.96	3.60	1.09	0.13		156.85	7.96
		最大值	67.6	317.0	6.78	80 124.29	810.10	4 237.93	101 093.12	37 310.28	1 933.05	221 574.89	18 963.90	11.43	6.85	0.96		111.00	8.48
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	<0.01	74.82	21.72	24.90	90.83	124.30	69.89	388.90	156.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-46.00	6.58
		均值	6.2	82.3	1.38	15 106.05	302.82	979.98	19 187.87	8 517.93	331.10	44 292.45	4 790.63	3.42	1.47	0.14		39.15	7.74
		最大值	5.0	40.0	1.83	423.21	172.15	190.40	553.35	1 050.71	353.99	2 591.80	1 213.70	5.80	0.14	<0.001		225.00	8.40
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.66	121.50	25.98	3.66	91.54	177.19	121.60	522.57	108.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		106.00	7.77
		均值	1.3	34.5	1.03	198.46	105.02	77.20	270.15	449.94	227.52	1 240.66	580.02	2.60	0.04	<0.001		165.50	8.12
蒸发区	单一结构潜水 (7150 m, n=87) 承压水区潜水 (818 m, n=6) 浅层承压水 (2560 m, n=17) 深层承压水 (100110 m, n=6)	最大值	43.0	473.0	23.23	9 625.30	702.10	1 307.97	13 462.92	8 913.20	1 288.00	34 431.90	6 549.30	25.17	33.50	6.55		253.00	10.50
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	<0.01	63.22	12.03	9.57	67.31	97.79	51.66	396.39	81.06	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-59.00	7.07
		均值	3.1	46.4	2.15	748.30	139.58	158.16	970.73	883.09	408.82	3 132.58	999.27	2.41	1.34	0.25		142.24	7.87
		最大值	35.0	70.0	16.20	5 949.27	396.20	1 533.06	5 668.60	6 961.23	726.20	19 120.29	6 762.20	1.44	13.01	1.20		168.00	8.25
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.89	832.50	79.04	175.21	1 062.86	1 320.13	390.61	4 578.02	1 272.30	0.47	<0.01	<0.001		168.00	7.29
		均值	6.7	45.0	6.38	2 245.91	232.07	574.12	2 537.99	3 699.41	538.23	9 587.07	2 943.13	0.92	3.30	0.26		168.00	7.79
		最大值	61.2	2 637.0	5.40	121 075.28	1 012.62	25 366.14	172 922.44	54 147.68	1 428.15	358 694.00	106 956.45	31.27	9.14	3.19		205.00	8.44
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.07	74.76	34.10	27.50	99.20	132.18	85.45	519.31	198.40	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-80.00	6.30
		均值	5.8	316.6	1.17	32 599.35	327.02	3 154.15	43 522.74	16 078.90	309.51	95 869.72	13 801.64	3.70	3.10	0.47		-12.90	7.58
		最大值	<1.0	40.0	2.80	862.60	190.00	245.60	1 094.00	1 102.00	695.20	3 865.00	1 486.00	3.29	1.86	0.24		186.00	8.20
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	1.02	222.58	51.75	34.31	311.77	211.02	106.30	959.69	270.50	0.49	<0.01	<0.001		53.00	7.80
		均值	<1.0	18.3	1.92	373.87	113.74	97.43	511.06	485.55	267.54	1 737.95	685.23	1.28	0.45	0.06		97.25	7.98

表1 研究区地下水化学组分浓度统计表

Table 1 Statistics of hydrogeological properties and hydrochemical composition of groundwater in the study area

区域	含水层类型 (井深,样品数)		ρ_B/(μg·L^-1)		ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)												Eh/mV		pH值
区域	含水层类型 (井深,样品数)		As	I	F^-	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	TDS	TH	$NO 3 -$ -N	Fe	Mn	Eh/mV		pH值
补给区	单一结构潜水 (70300 m, n=20)	最大值	4.0	40.0	4.13	445.36	212.89	234.62	655.43	1 036.14	317.37	2 189.07	1 284.49	5.10	12.69	0.36		202.00	8.69
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.16	26.09	26.23	6.59	14.36	53.51	97.24	198.50	111.60	0.35	<0.01	<0.001		69.00	7.78
		均值	1.3	29.5	0.88	142.78	80.99	43.36	183.68	295.66	153.23	840.82	382.06	1.49	2.18	0.09		135.50	8.24
过渡区	单一结构潜水 (15180 m, n=63) 浅层承压水 (2580 m, n=23) 深层承压水 (90130 m, n=11)	最大值	91.2	734.0	28.31	14 160.41	385.20	760.45	14 348.64	9 889.67	3 954.03	41 282.73	3 381.10	42.15	20.52	4.11		255.00	9.51
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.24	28.35	20.06	6.30	25.13	19.00	36.62	209.40	119.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		18.00	6.86
		均值	3.9	48.1	2.05	688.87	108.28	81.35	773.62	688.12	377.72	2 565.35	597.96	3.60	1.09	0.13		156.85	7.96
		最大值	67.6	317.0	6.78	80 124.29	810.10	4 237.93	101 093.12	37 310.28	1 933.05	221 574.89	18 963.90	11.43	6.85	0.96		111.00	8.48
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	<0.01	74.82	21.72	24.90	90.83	124.30	69.89	388.90	156.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-46.00	6.58
		均值	6.2	82.3	1.38	15 106.05	302.82	979.98	19 187.87	8 517.93	331.10	44 292.45	4 790.63	3.42	1.47	0.14		39.15	7.74
		最大值	5.0	40.0	1.83	423.21	172.15	190.40	553.35	1 050.71	353.99	2 591.80	1 213.70	5.80	0.14	<0.001		225.00	8.40
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.66	121.50	25.98	3.66	91.54	177.19	121.60	522.57	108.60	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		106.00	7.77
		均值	1.3	34.5	1.03	198.46	105.02	77.20	270.15	449.94	227.52	1 240.66	580.02	2.60	0.04	<0.001		165.50	8.12
蒸发区	单一结构潜水 (7150 m, n=87) 承压水区潜水 (818 m, n=6) 浅层承压水 (2560 m, n=17) 深层承压水 (100110 m, n=6)	最大值	43.0	473.0	23.23	9 625.30	702.10	1 307.97	13 462.92	8 913.20	1 288.00	34 431.90	6 549.30	25.17	33.50	6.55		253.00	10.50
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	<0.01	63.22	12.03	9.57	67.31	97.79	51.66	396.39	81.06	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-59.00	7.07
		均值	3.1	46.4	2.15	748.30	139.58	158.16	970.73	883.09	408.82	3 132.58	999.27	2.41	1.34	0.25		142.24	7.87
		最大值	35.0	70.0	16.20	5 949.27	396.20	1 533.06	5 668.60	6 961.23	726.20	19 120.29	6 762.20	1.44	13.01	1.20		168.00	8.25
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.89	832.50	79.04	175.21	1 062.86	1 320.13	390.61	4 578.02	1 272.30	0.47	<0.01	<0.001		168.00	7.29
		均值	6.7	45.0	6.38	2 245.91	232.07	574.12	2 537.99	3 699.41	538.23	9 587.07	2 943.13	0.92	3.30	0.26		168.00	7.79
		最大值	61.2	2 637.0	5.40	121 075.28	1 012.62	25 366.14	172 922.44	54 147.68	1 428.15	358 694.00	106 956.45	31.27	9.14	3.19		205.00	8.44
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	0.07	74.76	34.10	27.50	99.20	132.18	85.45	519.31	198.40	<0.2	<0.01	<0.001		-80.00	6.30
		均值	5.8	316.6	1.17	32 599.35	327.02	3 154.15	43 522.74	16 078.90	309.51	95 869.72	13 801.64	3.70	3.10	0.47		-12.90	7.58
		最大值	<1.0	40.0	2.80	862.60	190.00	245.60	1 094.00	1 102.00	695.20	3 865.00	1 486.00	3.29	1.86	0.24		186.00	8.20
		最小值	<1.0	<10.0	1.02	222.58	51.75	34.31	311.77	211.02	106.30	959.69	270.50	0.49	<0.01	<0.001		53.00	7.80
		均值	<1.0	18.3	1.92	373.87	113.74	97.43	511.06	485.55	267.54	1 737.95	685.23	1.28	0.45	0.06		97.25	7.98

图3 研究区地下水Piper三线图

Fig.3 Piper trilinear diagram of groundwater in the study area

图4 研究区地下水中砷氟碘浓度分布图

Fig.4 Distribution map of arsenic, fluoride and iodine contents in groundwater in the study area

图5 研究区地下水中砷氟碘浓度与井深的关系

Fig.5 Correlation between arsenic, fluorine or iodine contents in groundwater and well depth

图6 研究区第四纪地质图(据文献[36]修改)

Fig.6 Quaternary geological map of the study area. Modified after [36].

图7 研究区地下水中砷氟碘浓度与pH值的关系

Fig.7 Correlation between arsenic, fluorine or iodine contents and pH in groundwater

图8 研究区地下水Gibbs图

Fig.8 Gibbs diagram of groundwater in the study area

图9 研究区不同含水层中矿物饱和指数

Fig.9 Mineral SI in various aquifers

图10 地下水中砷浓度与 NO 3 -(a)、 SO 4 2 -(b)、 HCO 3 -(c)、Fe(d)、Mn(e)浓度之间的关系

Fig.10 Correlations between groundwater arsenic content and NO 3 -(a), SO 4 2 -(b), HCO 3 -(c), Fe(d), Mn(e) contents

图11 研究区地下水中氟离子浓度与Ca2+(a)、Mg2+(b)、TDS(c)、 HCO 3 -(d)浓度和SI(萤石)(e)的关系

Fig.11 Correlations between groundwater fluorine content and Ca2+ (a), Mg2+ (b), TDS (c), HCO 3 -(d) contents or SIfluorite (e)

图12 研究区地下水碘浓度与Eh(a)和Fe(b)、TDS(c)、 HCO 3 -(d)浓度的关系

Fig.12 Correlations between groundwater iodine content and Eh (a) or Fe (b), TDS(c), HCO 3 - (d) contents

图13 地下水中砷-碘(a)、砷-氟(b)和碘-氟(c)浓度间的关系

Fig.13 Groundwater arsenic-iodine(a), arsenic-fluorine(b) and fluorine-iodine(c) plots

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塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带地下水砷氟碘分布及共富集成因

Distribution and co-enrichment genesis of arsenic, fluorine and iodine in groundwater of the oasis belt in the southern margin of Tarim Basin

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