基于水化学与环境同位素的额济纳平原区域地下水循环规律解析

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.44

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

额济纳平原生态环境脆弱,地下水在维持当地生态方面发挥着重要作用。然而,对具有重要生态水文意义断面上地下水循环过程关注不够,阻碍了对额济纳平原地下水循环规律的深入认识。本研究采用水化学与同位素方法解析额济纳平原关键界面地下水循环特征,归纳区域地下水循环模式。结果表明:沙漠区降雨在入渗补给地下水过程中受到过强烈的蒸发影响,研究区中部降雨对地下水补给微弱;额济纳平原北部白垩系潜水接受侧向径流补给,自北向南径流,至东、西居延海一带与南部第四系地下水流系统交汇,白垩系承压水径流滞缓,与上覆潜水水力联系微弱;黑河渗漏强烈影响深度30~50 m,强烈影响宽度10 km,平原中部地下水接受黑河渗漏补给后驱动两侧年龄较老的地下水缓慢侧向径流,在古日乃湖至天鹅湖一带与东部沙漠区地下水流系统交汇,黑河河水与沙漠区地下水不存在补排关系。该研究深化了对额济纳平原地下水循环的认识,对当地生态环境保护与修复、地下水合理开发利用具有指导意义。

关键词: 地下水循环, 水化学, 环境同位素, 额济纳平原

Abstract:

The Ejina Plain has a fragile ecoenvironment and groundwater plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance in the region. However, an in-depth understanding of groundwater circulation in the Ejina Plain is lacking due to limited knowledge of groundwater circulation in eco-hydrologically important sections. In this study, the characteristics of groundwater circulation at key aquatic interfaces are investigated through hydrochemical and environmental isotopic analyses, and the regional groundwater circulation patterns are revealed. In the desert area rainfall is strongly affected by evaporation during groundwater recharge via infiltration, while in the central part of the study area rainfall only contributes weakly to groundwater recharge. The Cretaceous phreatic water system in the northern Ejina Plain is recharged by lateral runoff flowing from north to south, and intersects the southern Quaternary groundwater system in the eastern and western Juyanhai areas; whereas stagnant Cretaceous confined water runoff has limited interaction with the overlying phreatic water system. In the central part of the plain groundwater is recharged by seepage from the Heihe River over an effective area of 30-50 m deep and 10 km wide, and groundwater recharge drives slow surface runoff on both sides of the river to flow to the Gurinai-Swan Lake district, where it meets the desert groundwater system in the east; the Heihe River has no impact on groundwater recharge/discharge in the desert area. This study deepens our understanding of groundwater circulation in the Ejina Plain and helps to guide local ecological environmental protection and restoration as well as rational development and utilization of groundwater.

Key words: groundwater circulation, hydrochemistry, environmental isotopes, Ejina Plain

中图分类号:

徐蓉桢, 魏世博, 李成业, 程旭学, 周翔宇. 基于水化学与环境同位素的额济纳平原区域地下水循环规律解析[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 440-450.

XU Rongzhen, WEI Shibo, LI Chengye, CHENG Xuxue, ZHOU Xiangyu. Groundwater circulation in the Ejina Plain: Insights from hydrochemical and environmental isotope studies[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 440-450.

图/表 16

图1 研究区位置及取样点分布

Fig.1 Location of the study area and distribution of sampling points

图2 研究区地层结构 (引自文献[16])

Fig.2 Stratigraphic framework of the study area. Adapted from [16].

图3 研究区潜水氘盈余空间分布

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of deuterium excess values of phreatic water in the study area

图4 额济纳平原东南部湖积平原区地下水氘盈余-埋深关系

Fig.4 Relationship between groundwater deuterium excess value and burial depth in the lacustrine plain area, southeastern Ejina Plain

图5 额济纳平原地表水及不同地貌单元潜水δD-δ18O关系

Fig.5 Relationships between δD and δ18O of surface water and groundwater in the Ejina Plain

图6 额济纳平原第四系潜水γCl-/γCa2+值空间分布

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of γCl-/γCa2+ ratios for Quaternary phreatic water in the Ejina Plain

图7 额济纳平原第四系承压水γCl-/γCa2+值空间分布

Fig.7 Spatial distribution of γCl-/γCa2+ ratios for Quaternary confined water in the Ejina Plain

图8 策克-居延海地质剖面

Fig.8 A cross-section of the Ceke-Juyanhai area

图9 策克-居延海剖面不同深度白垩系地下水δ18O、d变化曲线

Fig.9 Plots of δ18O and d vs. depth for Cretaceous groundwater samples from the Ceke-Juyanhai cross-section

图10 古日乃绿洲-沙漠交错区地下水Cl-与δ18O关系曲线

Fig.10 Relationship between Cl- and δ18O of groundwater in the Gurinai oasis-desert transition zone

图11 古日乃绿洲-沙漠交错区地下水TDS、γCl-/γCa2+系数垂向分布

Fig.11 Vertical variations of TDS and γCl-/γCa2+ ratio in groundwater in the Gurinai oasis-desert transition zone

图12 单一结构区地下水水化学组分垂向分布

Fig.12 Vertical variability of hydrochemical composition under single-aquifer condition

图13 多层结构含水层分布区地下水水化学组分垂向分布

Fig.13 Vertical variability of hydrochemical composition under multi-aquifer condition

图14 多层结构含水层分布区3H含量垂向分布

Fig.14 Vertical variation of 3H content under multi-aquifer condition

图15 黑河沿岸地下水与河水氢氧稳定同位素关系

Fig.15 Relationship between δD and δ18O of surface water and groundwater along the Heihe River

图16 额济纳平原地下水循环模式图 (据文献[16]修改)

Fig.16 Groundwater circulation pattern in the Ejina Plain. Modified after [16].

参考文献 28

[1]	QIN D J, ZHAO Z F, HAN L F, et al. Determination of groundwater recharge regime and flowpath in the Lower Heihe River Basin in an arid area of Northwest China by using environmental tracers: implications for vegetation degradation in the Ejina Oasis[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2012, 27(6): 1133-1145. DOI URL
[2]	席海洋, 冯起, 司建华, 等. 黑河下游额济纳三角洲河道渗漏对地下水补给研究综述[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(5): 1241-1247.
[3]	张经天, 席海洋. 荒漠河岸林地下水位时空动态及其对地表径流的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(2): 388-397.
[4]	李海涛, 李龙, 黎涛, 等. 应用¹⁸O同位素量化地下水蒸发量[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2015(5): 63-66, 71.
[5]	甘义群, 李小倩, 周爱国, 等. 黑河流域地下水氘过量参数特征[J]. 地质科技情报, 2008, 27(2): 85-90.
[6]	王文祥, 安永会, 李文鹏, 等. 基于环境同位素技术的张掖盆地地下水流动系统分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(2): 25-30.
[7]	崔亚莉, 刘峰, 郝奇琛, 等. 诺木洪冲洪积扇地下水氢氧同位素特征及更新能力研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2015, 42(6): 1-7.
[8]	罗明明, 黄荷, 尹德超, 等. 基于水化学和氢氧同位素的峡口隧道涌水来源识别[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2015, 42(1): 7-13.
[9]	WANG P, ZHANG F E, CHEN Z Y. Characterization of recharge processes and groundwater flow paths using isotopes in the arid Santanghu Basin, Northwest China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2020, 28(3): 1037-1051. DOI
[10]	于静洁, 宋献方, 刘相超, 等. 基于δD和δ¹⁸O及水化学的永定河流域地下水循环特征解析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(3): 415-423.
[11]	宋献方, 李发东, 于静洁, 等. 基于氢氧同位素与水化学的潮白河流域地下水水循环特征[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(1): 11-21.
[12]	靳书贺, 姜纪沂, 迟宝明, 等. 基于环境同位素与水化学的霍城县平原区地下水循环模式[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(4): 43-51.
[13]	WANG P, YU J J, POZDNIAKOV S P, et al. Shallow groundwater dynamics and its driving forces in extremely arid areas: a case study of the lower Heihe River in northwestern China[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2014, 28(3): 1539-1553. DOI URL
[14]	王平. 西北干旱区间歇性河流与含水层水量交换研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(2): 183-197. DOI
[15]	武选民, 史生胜, 黎志恒, 等. 西北黑河下游额济纳盆地地下水系统研究(上)[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2002, 29(1): 16-20.
[16]	魏世博, 王哲, 李飞, 等. 内蒙古额济纳平原地下水氢氧稳定同位素和水化学特征及其演化规律[J]. 中国地质, 2023, 50(1): 159-169.
[17]	商洁. 巴丹吉林沙漠腹地包气带水分运移研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2014.
[18]	HOU L Z, WANG X S, HU B X. et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of soil water balance at the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert for groundwater recharge estimation[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016, 540: 386-396. DOI URL
[19]	白生福, 王景先. 内蒙古自治区额济纳旗黑河下游荒漠平原环境地质研究[R]. 张掖:甘肃省地质矿产局第二水文地质工程地质队,全国地质资料馆, 1990, DOI: 10.35080/n01.c.80758. DOI
[20]	SUN Y Q, QIAN H, WU X H. Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater depression cones in Yinchuan City, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2007, 26(4): 350-355. DOI URL
[21]	武选民, 史生胜. 西北黑河额济纳盆地地下水利用与生态环境保护研究[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古人民出版社, 2004:49-50.
[22]	钱云平, 王玲. 同位素水文技术在黑河流域水循环研究中的应用[M]. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2008: 117-137.
[23]	HERCZEG A L, EDMUNDS W M. Inorganic ions as tracers[M]// COOK P G, HERCZEG A L. Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000: 31-77.
[24]	MATTHESS G. The properties of groundwater[M]. New York: Wiley, 1982.
[25]	殷秀兰, 凤蔚, 王瑞久, 等. 新疆乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原区水文地球化学[J]. 地球学报, 2015, 36(1): 77-84.
[26]	李潇瀚, 张翼龙, 王瑞, 等. 呼和浩特盆地地下水化学特征及成因[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2018, 16(4): 136-145.
[27]	王明明. 多层监测井成井工艺与止水材料研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2015.
[28]	王明权. 东居延海入湖水量及水面变化分析[J]. 甘肃广播电视大学学报, 2019, 29(3): 70-73, 82.