Geochemical characteristics and phase behavior of the Ordovician ultra-deep reservoir fluid, No.4 fault, northern Shuntuoguole, Tarim Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.21

Abstract

Abstract:

The phase behavior of the Ordovician ultra-deep reservoir fluid, No. 4 fault (F4), northern Shuntuoguole, is complex. From NE to SW, the fluid phase changes from volatile oil to condensate, with the solution GOR increasing from 358 m³/m³ to 3200 m³/m³ then decreasing to 1800 m³/m³. Using geochemical methods the geochemical characteristics of the reservoir fluid and the cause of its phase change were investigated. It was found that while the biomarker concentrations in oil from F4 were low to non-measurable, the source rocks were similar for oils from F1 and F4; and oil from F4, with R_c of 1.14%-1.60%, was of higher maturity. For natural gas from F4, its dryness coefficient showed an increasing trend from NE to SW, with R_c ranging between 1.3%-1.7%, while its CO₂ and H₂S contents showed the same spatial variation trend. The reservoir fluid experienced no evaporative fractionation as inferred from the relationship between the mole fraction and carbon number of n-alkanes. In F4, the concentration of diamondoids in oil ranged between 27.26-523.31 μg/g, indicating 20.5%-95.8% thermal cracking which is higher than in F1; while the concentration of thiodiamondoids in oil from wells SB4, SB41X-C and SB42X ranged between 33.76-76.92 μg/g, suggesting occurrence of thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR). Thus, two factors contributed to the phase change in F4: one is geothermal gradient, where relatively strong thermal gradient in the middle compared to either sides of the fault led to high-maturity oil and gas generation and high degree of cracking in the middle of the fault; the other is TSR, which took place in the middle and SW of the fault and further increased CO₂, H₂S and GOR.

Key words: reservoir fluid phase, secondary alteration, North Shuntuoguole area, Ordovician, ultra-deep, Tarim Basin

CLC Number:

MA Anlai, QI Lixin. Geochemical characteristics and phase behavior of the Ordovician ultra-deep reservoir fluid, No.4 fault, northern Shuntuoguole, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 247-262.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Tectonic map of northern Shuntuoguole, Tarim Basin

Table 1 Physical properties and 13C composition of crude oil samples from wells, F4, northern Shuntuoguole

井号	井深/m	层位	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	黏度/ (mPa·s)	蜡含量/ %	硫含量/ %	凝固点/ ℃	GOR/ (m³·m^-3)	油气藏温度/℃	δ¹³C_全油/ ‰
MS3^a		O₂yi	0.796 0					358
MS1^*	7 509.50~7 665.62	O₂yj	0.793 6	1.358 9	12.3	0.13		536	162
SB44X	7 493.49~7 882.55	O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.790 2	2.037	3.60	0.039	-12	795	165	-31.7
SB41X	7 529.70~7 632.84	O₂yj	0.784 3	1.90	7.64	0.075 3	-2			-31.5
SB41X-C	7 531.00~7 984.10	O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.759 2	1.34	1.74	0.374	-24	2 888	168	-30.2
SB4	7 777.00~7 950.00	O₂yj	0.825 4	3.40	2.08	0.413	-10	3 200		-29.4
SB42X	7 422.00~7 635.00	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	0.772 7	1.43	8.66	0.176	-12	2 394	157	-31.3

Table 2 pVT data for Ordovician reservoirs, F4

井号	生产井段深度/m	层位	油气藏压力/ MPa	油气藏温度/ ℃	生产气油比/ (m³·m^-3)	露点压力/ MPa	地露压差/ MPa	临界压力p_c/ MPa	临界温度/ ℃	临界蒸发压力p_m/ MPa	临界凝析温度T_m/ ℃	凝析油含量/ (g·m^-3)
MS3^*		O₂yj	84.05	150.3				29.46	310.5	36.59	415
SB41X-C	7 531.00~7 984.10	O₂yj+O_1-2y	92.51	168.1	2 670	37.54	54.97	22.04	-42.2	40.15	319.5	230.33
SB42X	7 462.00~7 635.00	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	86.85	158.81	2 568	46.58	40.27	38.52	-7.4	48.07	376.7	245.15
SB4-1H	7 397.00~7 935.5	O₂yj+O_1-2y	86.18	163.81	1 616	43.64	42.54	13.72	-110.35	45.336	335.89	306.75

Fig.2 pVT diagrams for the Ordovician reservoir fluid, F4

Fig.3 Phase diagram of the reservoir fluid, F4

Fig.4 Whole-oil chromatograms of the studied oil samples from F4

Table 3 Whole-oil n-alkane (n>11) parameters and contents in the studied oil samples, F4

井号	层位	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	n $C 21 -$ /n $C 22 +$	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/ (nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	>nC₁₁含量/ (mg·g^-1)
MS3	O₂yj	0.91	0.32	0.41	4.96	2.64	97.45
MS1	O₂yj	1.01	0.34	0.40	4.82	2.66	99.91
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.08	0.25	0.27	5.69	3.38	97.64
SB41X	O₂yj	1.25	0.28	0.27	4.82	2.97	133.44
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.23	0.19	0.20	9.15	4.02	92.64
SB4	O₂yj	1.63	0.17	0.12	8.19	3.87	119.98
SB4	O₂yj	1.40	0.14	0.13	12.77	5.56	120.29
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.20	0.31	0.32	7.07	3.29	83.49

Table 3 Whole-oil n-alkane (n>11) parameters and contents in the studied oil samples, F4

井号	层位	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	n $C 21 -$ /n $C 22 +$	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/ (nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	>nC₁₁含量/ (mg·g^-1)
MS3	O₂yj	0.91	0.32	0.41	4.96	2.64	97.45
MS1	O₂yj	1.01	0.34	0.40	4.82	2.66	99.91
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.08	0.25	0.27	5.69	3.38	97.64
SB41X	O₂yj	1.25	0.28	0.27	4.82	2.97	133.44
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.23	0.19	0.20	9.15	4.02	92.64
SB4	O₂yj	1.63	0.17	0.12	8.19	3.87	119.98
SB4	O₂yj	1.40	0.14	0.13	12.77	5.56	120.29
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	1.20	0.31	0.32	7.07	3.29	83.49

Fig.5 Plots of Pr/nC17 vs. Ph/nC18 (a) and DBT/P vs. Pr/Ph (b) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

Fig.6 Ternary plots (benzothiophene, fluorene and dibenzofuran series) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

Table 4 Maturity parameters for the studied oil samples from F4

井号	H/%	I	MPI1	MPI2	F1	R_c1/%	R_c2/%	R_c3/%	MDR	R_c4/%	MAI/%	MDI/%	R_c5/%
MS3	38.21	2.47	1.31	1.57	0.64	1.18	1.52	1.27	31.84	1.81	74.08	43.57	1.50
MS1	38.81	2.53	1.29	1.54	0.63	1.17	1.53	1.26	37.22	1.85	74.66	42.87	1.48
SB44X	37.21	2.89	1.23	1.44	0.62	1.14	1.56	1.23	13.04	1.58	75.88	43.32	1.50
SB41X	44.61	3.15	0.82	0.89	0.48	0.89	1.81	0.91	2.22	1.11	73.16	45.68	1.55
SB41X-C	41.20	3.31	0.92	0.91	0.61	0.95	1.75	1.20	4.71	1.31	79.28	44.53	1.53
SB4	42.63	3.06	1.18	1.25	0.67	1.11	1.59	1.33	9.87	1.51	77.55	45.43	1.55
SB4	46.48	2.91	0.99	0.99	0.68	0.99	1.71	1.35	3.14	1.20	80.03	46.61	1.58
SB42X	42.20	2.76	0.98	1.05	0.59	0.99	1.71	1.16	3.22	1.21	77.47	47.08	1.59

Fig.7 Plot of heptane value vs. iso-heptane value of the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

Fig.8 Plot of MAI vs. MDI for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

Table 5 Alkane composition and dryness coefficient of the studied natural gas samples from F4

井号	层位	C₁ 含量/%	C₂ 含量/%	C₃ 含量/%	iC₄ 含量/%	nC₄ 含量/%	iC₅ 含量/%	nC₅ 含量/%	n $C 6 +$ 含量/%	CO₂ 含量/%	N₂ 含量/%	H₂S质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	干燥系数
MS1^*	O₂yj	82.41	5.89							3.77		4 767	0.890
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.33	5.20	2.18	0.61	0.92	0.31	0.30	0.09	4.25	3.57	19 526(6)	0.896
SB43X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.22	4.48	1.71	0.64	0.77	0.31	0.32	0.11	5.33	2.72	6 262(6)	0.910
SB4-9H	O_1-2y	83.45	4.20	1.23	0.28	0.33	0.08	0.07	0.005	5.92	3.25	16 157(9)	0.931
SB4-4H	O_1-2y	80.22	3.73	1.39	0.56	0.62	0.27	0.23	0.07	10.34	2.25	23 88(1)	0.922
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	79.67	3.79	1.11	0.34	0.40	0.19	0.15	0.09	11.69	2.45	8 255(9)	0.930
SB4-2H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.15	2.77	0.80	0.41	0.38	0.19	0.15	0.02	9.65	2.12	19 272(10)	0.946
SB4-7H	O_1-2y	83.70	3.04	0.77	0.24	0.22	0.07	0.045	0.085	9.71	2.11	19 998(7)	0.950
SB4	O₂yj	81.13	1.59	0.51	0.16	0.26	0.14	0.14	0.15	8.52	7.39	69 853(6)	0.965
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.74	2.75	0.90	0.33	0.40	0.17	0.16	0.04	9.24	3.03	27 085(6)	0.946
SB4-3H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.23	2.49	0.62	0.15	0.21	0.07	0.06	0.02	9.82	3.10		0.958
SB4-1H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	81.44	2.23	0.69	0.32	0.27	0.09	0.09	0.00	11.25	3.22	22 506(3)	0.957

Table 5 Alkane composition and dryness coefficient of the studied natural gas samples from F4

井号	层位	C₁ 含量/%	C₂ 含量/%	C₃ 含量/%	iC₄ 含量/%	nC₄ 含量/%	iC₅ 含量/%	nC₅ 含量/%	n $C 6 +$ 含量/%	CO₂ 含量/%	N₂ 含量/%	H₂S质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	干燥系数
MS1^*	O₂yj	82.41	5.89							3.77		4 767	0.890
SB44X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.33	5.20	2.18	0.61	0.92	0.31	0.30	0.09	4.25	3.57	19 526(6)	0.896
SB43X	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.22	4.48	1.71	0.64	0.77	0.31	0.32	0.11	5.33	2.72	6 262(6)	0.910
SB4-9H	O_1-2y	83.45	4.20	1.23	0.28	0.33	0.08	0.07	0.005	5.92	3.25	16 157(9)	0.931
SB4-4H	O_1-2y	80.22	3.73	1.39	0.56	0.62	0.27	0.23	0.07	10.34	2.25	23 88(1)	0.922
SB41X-C	O₂yj+O_1-2y	79.67	3.79	1.11	0.34	0.40	0.19	0.15	0.09	11.69	2.45	8 255(9)	0.930
SB4-2H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.15	2.77	0.80	0.41	0.38	0.19	0.15	0.02	9.65	2.12	19 272(10)	0.946
SB4-7H	O_1-2y	83.70	3.04	0.77	0.24	0.22	0.07	0.045	0.085	9.71	2.11	19 998(7)	0.950
SB4	O₂yj	81.13	1.59	0.51	0.16	0.26	0.14	0.14	0.15	8.52	7.39	69 853(6)	0.965
SB42X	O₃q+O₂yj+O_1-2y	82.74	2.75	0.90	0.33	0.40	0.17	0.16	0.04	9.24	3.03	27 085(6)	0.946
SB4-3H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	83.23	2.49	0.62	0.15	0.21	0.07	0.06	0.02	9.82	3.10		0.958
SB4-1H	O₂yj+O_1-2y	81.44	2.23	0.69	0.32	0.27	0.09	0.09	0.00	11.25	3.22	22 506(3)	0.957

Fig.9 Natural gas classification of No.4 fault from North Shuntuoguole area using ln(C1/C2) and ln(C2/C3)

Fig.10 Relationship between the mole fraction and carbon number of n-alkanes in the studied oil samples from F4

Fig.11 Mass chromatograms of diamondoids (DDs) in oil from well SB41X-C

Fig.12 Plot of C29 20R vs. (4-+3-)MD (MD, methyldiamantane) for the studied oil samples from F1 and F4

Fig.13 Mass chromatograms of thiadiamondoids (TDs) in oil from well SB41X-C

Fig.14 Plots of TDs vs. (4-+3-)MD in oil (a) and H2S in natural gas (b) from F1 and F4

Fig.15 Evaluation of δ13C values of n-alkane carbons (35>n>11) for oils from F4 and well ZS1

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