Lithological associations, deformation characteristics of the Lower-Middle Cambrian and their influence on oil and gas migration in the North-central Tarim Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.9.5

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploration and production practices in the North-central Tarim Basin have revealed that the distribution of oil and gas is strictly controlled by faults, with significant variability in oil and gas between different fault segments. Fault zones played an important role in their vertical migration. Therefore, revealing lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central regions of this basin is of great significance for determining strata deformation and clarifying factors affecting migration efficiency of oil and gas. This study was based on cores, drilling/logging, 3D seismic and production dynamic datum from this study area. Firstly, the lithological types and associations analysis were carried out. Subsequently, the seismic response characteristics of lithological associations was clarified through well-seismic calibration and regional seismic profile tracking. Finally, the deformation characteristics of target layers under fault movements was identified, and lithological associations and their deformation influences on oil and gas migration was revealed. The results can be obtained as follows: (1) The lithological types consist of dolomites, gypsum-bearing rocks and argillaceous dolomites, which are classified into three types of lithological associations according to their stacking patterns: upper and lower segmented, symmetrical and interbedded types. (2) There are significant differences in seismic reflection characteristics among lithological associations. The upper and lower segmented lithological associations are corresponded to the weak amplitude reflection at the upper part, the strong amplitude reflection and sheet parallel to sub-parallel reflection at the lower part. The symmetric lithological associations show that the seismic reflections with medium-strong amplitude and good continuity are interspersed with sheet-parallel reflections of weak amplitude and medium continuity. The interbedded lithological associations are characterized by strong amplitude, high frequency and good continuity in seismic reflection. (3) Under different stress segmentation effects, the deformation characteristics of target layers are divided into three types: thickness reduction, thickness increase, and thickness stability. The combinations of lithological associations and deformation characteristics jointly controls the oil and gas migration. There are significant differences in the stacking styles of lithological associations in the east part and west part of the Shunbei block. The west part of this study block is a symmetrical stacking, while the east part is characterized by segmented to symmetrical stacking type. The thinning of the target layer thickness is conducive to the passage of oil and gas. The symmetrical lithological association has a higher degree of deformation and fragmentation at the interface and inside the formation, which is conducive to the oil and gas migration, the upper and lower segmented lithological associations are more favorable in tension sections.

Key words: strike-slip fault, migration of oil and gas, lithological associations, the Lower- Middle Cambrian, North-central Tarim Basin

CLC Number:

GU Yu, WU Jun, FAN Tailiang, LÜ Junling. Lithological associations, deformation characteristics of the Lower-Middle Cambrian and their influence on oil and gas migration in the North-central Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 313-331.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Tectonic units and column chart of Cambrian strata, North-central Tarim Basin. Modified after [29].

Fig.2 Comprehensive histogram of lithological association and sedimentary facies of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Well TS5, Tarim Basin

Fig.3 Cumulative thickness statistics of different lithological types of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Wells TS5、TC1、LT1 and ZS1, North-central Tarim Basin

Fig.4 Comprehensive histogram of lithological association and sedimentary facies of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Well TC1, Tarim Basin

Fig.5 Three types of lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central Tarim Basin

Fig.6 Seismic synthesis records of the Cambrian strata from Wells TS5 and LT1 in the North Tarim Basin

Table 1 Response characteristics of three types of lithological associations corresponding to seismic in the North-central Tarim Basin

岩性组合类型	岩石类型	地震响应特征
上下分段型	上部为白云岩类,以白云岩和灰质白云岩为主;下部为含泥白云岩类,主要由泥质白云岩和含泥白云岩组成	上部振幅较弱、较低频率、连续性中-差和亚平行反射;下部振幅较强、连续性中-好和平行反射
对称型	中部为白云岩类,上下部为含膏岩类或含泥白云岩类,主要为膏质白云岩、泥质白云岩和含泥白云岩	整体表现为“强夹弱”的特征,即上部和下部为中-强振幅、连续性较好的反射特征夹中部的弱振幅、连续性中等的反射特征
互层型	含膏岩类与白云岩类频繁互层,呈现“薄层多段”特征	整体表现为振幅较强、较高频率和连续性好

Fig.7 Lithological associations and their corresponding seismic features in the North Tarim Basin, Central Tarim Basin and Shunbei block. The profile positions are shown in Fig.1.

Fig.8 Seismic reflection characteristics of different lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central Tarim Basin. The profile positions are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.9 Architecture styles of different stress segments and coherent plane diagram of key interfaces in the northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

Fig.10 Seismic reflection characteristics along and perpendicular to the strike of the North section of Shunbei No.5 fault

Fig.11 Deformations under different stress segments of three lithological associations in the Lower-Middle Cambrian (blue circles on seismic profiles) and their corresponding geological models (yellow boxes) in the Shunbei block,Northern-central Tarim Basin

Fig.12 Distribution of stratum deformation degree under different stress segments for three lithological associations in the Northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

Fig.13 Relationship between strata deformation with different stress segments and their productions of oil and gas in the Northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

Fig.14 Conceptual model of lithological associations deformation and migration of oil and gas in the Shunbei block, North-central Tarim Basin

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