The application of FixAl and isotopic methods in the study of flowback fluids from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)

doi:10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.13

Abstract

Abstract:

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is an emerging technology for exploiting the geothermal resource in hot rocks with low permeability. The flowback fluid injected into the deep reservoir to extract heat, reflects not only the physico-chemical properties of the reservoir but also efficiency of the geothermal resource exploitation. FixAl method and oxygen isotope thermometry have been used widely in natural geothermal systems. In this study, we focused on the applicability of these two methods in EGS flowback experiment. Based on flowback fluids data collected from typical EGS around the world, we evaluated chemical equilibrium states of minerals and flowback fluids and calculated underground fluids thermal exchange temperatures using FixAl method. Using isotope model we verified the mixing and displacement processes of brine. Our studies validated the usefulness of these two methods in EGS research. Moreover, we showed that the chemical characteristics of flowback fluid can be useful in determining brine content of flowback fluids, identifying dissolution of magmatic volatiles and additive residues after reservoir renovation, and predicting scaling trend or corrosiveness of fluids. Future work should focus on in-depth studies of chemical properties of flowback fluids through experiments and modeling, so as to establish a scientific evaluation model for deep geothermal resource extraction.

Key words: hot dry rock, enhanced geothermal systems, flowback fluids, chemical characteristics

CLC Number:

TIAN Jiao, PANG Zhonghe, ZHANG Rui. The application of FixAl and isotopic methods in the study of flowback fluids from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(1): 112-122.

Figures/Tables 11

References 48

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项目	国家	试验年份	井深/m	注-采井间距/m	储层温度/℃	返排液温度/℃	返排液 pH	注水流速 /(L·s^-1)	储层岩性	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1)																							参考文献
项目	国家	试验年份	井深/m	注-采井间距/m	储层温度/℃	返排液温度/℃	返排液 pH	注水流速 /(L·s^-1)	储层岩性	TDS	Na		K		Ca		Mg		Cl		SO₄		HCO₃		F		SiO₂		Fe		Al		参考文献
Soultz-sous- Forêts	法国	1997	3 876	450	160	142	4.8	25	富黑云母及角闪石花岗岩	90 690.25		24 472		3 377.4		6 880		139.44		55 522		225.6		147.62		4		139.8		30.1		na	[11]
Bad Urach	德国	1978	3 325	na	143	143	4.2	na	花岗片麻岩	2 144.2		558.9		159.5		150		0.4		1 275.4		na		na		na		156.6		110.9		0.6	[12]
Fenton Hill	美国	1992	4 010	310	327	182	7	5.5~6.5	黑云母花岗闪长岩	2 632.65		899.3		88.9		18		0.1		955		377.3		588.1		17		423.6		0.800 8		1.2	[13]
Hijiori	日本	2002	1 800~ 2 200	130	260	170	9.03	16.67	石英闪长岩	1 092.9		373.9		54.6		8.3		0.1		391.4		202.1		125		na		370.5		na		na	[14]
Ogachi	日本	1993	1 100	80	170~230	108	na	12.5~20	花岗闪长岩	804.5		299		17.6		4		0		49.7		153.6		561.2		6.7		162		na		na	[15]
Rosemanowes	英国	1988	2 780	250	99.8	99.8	8.8	21.6	花岗岩	302.34		100.7		3.4		13.76		0.08		73.1		74.4		73.8		11.4		65.4		0.02		0.2	[16]
Habanero Cooper Basin	澳大利亚	2008	4 421	560	250	200	7.6	14	花岗岩	12 750.4		4 942.9		643.5		25.45		0.45		8 235		36		na		17		153		na		na	[16-18]

项目	国家	试验年份	井深/m	注-采井间距/m	储层温度/℃	返排液温度/℃	返排液 pH	注水流速 /(L·s^-1)	储层岩性	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1)																							参考文献
项目	国家	试验年份	井深/m	注-采井间距/m	储层温度/℃	返排液温度/℃	返排液 pH	注水流速 /(L·s^-1)	储层岩性	TDS	Na		K		Ca		Mg		Cl		SO₄		HCO₃		F		SiO₂		Fe		Al		参考文献
Soultz-sous- Forêts	法国	1997	3 876	450	160	142	4.8	25	富黑云母及角闪石花岗岩	90 690.25		24 472		3 377.4		6 880		139.44		55 522		225.6		147.62		4		139.8		30.1		na	[11]
Bad Urach	德国	1978	3 325	na	143	143	4.2	na	花岗片麻岩	2 144.2		558.9		159.5		150		0.4		1 275.4		na		na		na		156.6		110.9		0.6	[12]
Fenton Hill	美国	1992	4 010	310	327	182	7	5.5~6.5	黑云母花岗闪长岩	2 632.65		899.3		88.9		18		0.1		955		377.3		588.1		17		423.6		0.800 8		1.2	[13]
Hijiori	日本	2002	1 800~ 2 200	130	260	170	9.03	16.67	石英闪长岩	1 092.9		373.9		54.6		8.3		0.1		391.4		202.1		125		na		370.5		na		na	[14]
Ogachi	日本	1993	1 100	80	170~230	108	na	12.5~20	花岗闪长岩	804.5		299		17.6		4		0		49.7		153.6		561.2		6.7		162		na		na	[15]
Rosemanowes	英国	1988	2 780	250	99.8	99.8	8.8	21.6	花岗岩	302.34		100.7		3.4		13.76		0.08		73.1		74.4		73.8		11.4		65.4		0.02		0.2	[16]
Habanero Cooper Basin	澳大利亚	2008	4 421	560	250	200	7.6	14	花岗岩	12 750.4		4 942.9		643.5		25.45		0.45		8 235		36		na		17		153		na		na	[16-18]

矿物	lg(Q/K)
矿物	Soultz-sous-Forêts	Bad Urach	Fenton Hill	Hijiori	Ogachi	Rosemanowes	Habanero Cooper Basin
方解石	-2.027 8	-90.393 0	0.827 8	1.467 9	1.130 3	1.163 5	-98.693 0
白云石	-4.530 0	-182.145 7	0.476 8	2.101 5	-51.484 8	1.109 6	-197.817 4
二氧化硅	-0.624 1	-0.660 4	-0.288 2	-0.809 4	-0.812 4	-1.011 8	-0.834 3

矿物	lg(Q/K)
矿物	Soultz-sous-Forêts	Bad Urach	Fenton Hill	Hijiori	Ogachi	Rosemanowes	Habanero Cooper Basin
方解石	-2.027 8	-90.393 0	0.827 8	1.467 9	1.130 3	1.163 5	-98.693 0
白云石	-4.530 0	-182.145 7	0.476 8	2.101 5	-51.484 8	1.109 6	-197.817 4
二氧化硅	-0.624 1	-0.660 4	-0.288 2	-0.809 4	-0.812 4	-1.011 8	-0.834 3