Types, development characteristics and formation conditions of large paleokarst conduits in the Ordovician, Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.7

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to multi-phase karstification superimposed over different geological periods, the Ordovician in the Tahe area of the Tarim Basin has developed paleokarst conduit systems characterized by diverse types, complex morphologies, and intricate structures, demonstrating significant exploration and development potential. By integrating 3D seismic data, well logging data, seismic attribute extraction, and wave impedance inversion technologies, this study reconstructs the paleo-tectonic, paleo-geomorphic, and paleo-hydrological conditions of the Ordovician in the Tahe Oilfield. The planar morphology and vertical stratification of large-scale karst conduits are systematically analyzed, and their unique genetic mechanisms are elucidated by identifying the key controlling factors governing conduit development. Based on these findings, a comprehensive geological model of karst conduits is established. The results reveal that the Ordovician formation in the Tahe Oilfield hosts 13 large-scale epigenic karst conduits systems, exhibiting diverse planar configurations such as single-branch, dendritic, and maze-like patterns. Vertically, seven correlative cave layers are identified, with development depth progressively increasing from east to west. The structural heterogeneity of these karst conduits is closely associated with variations in hydrodynamic field types. Four distinct geological models of conduit development are proposed for the Ordovician in the Tahe Oilfield: “Anticlinal confluence type” “Karst canyon type” “Single-bevel flow type” and “Syncline flow type”. The proposed models offer new perspectives on Ordovician karst conduit evolution in the Tahe Oilfield, serving as both a theoretical benchmark and practical tool for hydrocarbon exploitation.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Tahe Oilfield, Ordovician, large karst conduits, development pattern of karst conduits

CLC Number:

YANG Debin, GAO Jiyuan, ZHANG Heng, CAI Zhongxian, LÜ Yanping, ZHANG Juan, WANG Yan. Types, development characteristics and formation conditions of large paleokarst conduits in the Ordovician, Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 483-496.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Location, stratigraphy and paleogeomorphological map of Lower-Middle Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin

Fig.2 Lower-Middle Ordovician paleotectonic map of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin

Fig.3 Results of the Lower-Middle Ordovician strike-slip fault system in the Tahe area

Fig.4 The result of ancient water system characterization of upper face of Lower-Middle Ordovician Series in Tahe area

Fig.5 Characterization results of large karst underground river and isolated cave in Tahe area

Fig.6 Stratified superimposed diagram of Lower-Middle Ordovician paleostructure and vertical development of underground river in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.7 Section of Lower-Middle Ordovician drilled caves connecting wells in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.8 Superposition map of Lower-Middle Ordovician karst caves, surface water system and karst palaeo-geomorphology in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.9 Superimposed map of Lower-Middle Ordovician karst cave and strike-slip fault system in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.10 Development model of Ordovician anticlinal confluence type and karst canyon type large karst underground river in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.11 Development model of large karst underground river of Ordovician single slope flow type and synclinal confluence type in Tahe Oilfield

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