Coupling relationship between strike-slip fault and paleokarst in Tahe Oilfield and its influence on the development of Ordovician reservoirs

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.24

Abstract

Abstract:

The coupling relationship between strike-slip faults and ancient karst processes has not been well studied. This paper examines strike-slip fault TH12518 in the Tahe Oilfield aiming to clarify the coupling relationship between the fault’s internal structure and ancient landform and water systems, by studying the characteristics of spatiotemporal structural superposition and transformation in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation as well as karst activities during different tectonic phases. TH12518 experienced multistructural superposition under multistage tectonic activities, yielding five structural styles: pull-apart + translational + pull-apart (I); split + translational + translational (II); translational + compressive + pull-apart (III); translational + compressive + translational (IV); reverse thrust + overthrust (V). Stuctural styles I, II mainly occur in the middle Calendonian period, while structural supperposition between various structrual styles (I-V) occurs in the late Caledonian and early Haixi periods, under “bending effect.” There are significant differences in karst landforms between different karst periods. The water systems are underdeveloped during episode I of the middle Caledonian; whilst during episodes II, III the northern part uplifts to form a quasi karst plain while the southern karst slope area develops near N-S trending surface water systems and underground rivers. In the late Caledonian, multiple sets of water systems are developed in the karst slope area, forming a new NE-E trending underground river and surface water system along the fault. And in the early Haixi, large meandering rivers are developed on karst slopes. The karst processes in the Yijianfang Formation differ between different karst periods, regions, and segmentation styles. Episode I of the middle Caledonian develops exposed karst, overall, with infiltration and dissolution along the fault and strong dissolution in the N-NE trending fault segments; episodes II, III develop exposed karst in the north and semi-open overpressure karst in the south; with the segmented dissolution further enhanced, a sinking, buried fault-controlled karst is also developed in episode II. In the late Caledonian, exposed karst, semi-open overpressure karst, and sinking, buried fault-controlled karst are developed. The north, controlled by the karst baseline, exhibits limited downward karst process at the Cambrian top-dolomite interface; the south, not controlled by the reference plane, shows extensive downward dissolution at least to the top of the Cambrian Avatag Formation. Vertically, the karst fissures and caves are clearly layered. Whilst in the early Haixi, semi-open overpressure karst is developed, with weak karstification except for the bending effect and segmentation. This study provides a geological basis for large-scale karst development in the region.

Key words: Tahe Oilfield, segmentation type, ancient landforms, karst period, karstification

CLC Number:

MA Hailong, YANG Debin, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Juan, WU Bo, ZHANG Shiliang, YUAN Feiyu. Coupling relationship between strike-slip fault and paleokarst in Tahe Oilfield and its influence on the development of Ordovician reservoirs[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 227-246.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Structural location of TH12518 strike slip fault in Tabei Uplift of Tarim Basin

Fig.2 Strategraphic chart of the Tarim Basin indicating seismic reflectors and regional tectonic phases

Fig.3 Coherence attribute (a) and fault distribution map (b) of the top surface ( T 7 6_0-20 ms) of dolomitic limestone section, Ordovician Yingshan Formation in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

Fig.4 Fault distributions on key fault interfaces (a-c) and fault distance profiles (d) in TH12518

Fig.5 Typical time-migrated seismic reflection profile across TH12518

Fig.6 Tectonic evolution of TH12518 during different tectonic phases

Fig.7 Paleogeomorphological maps in different tectonic phases in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

Fig.8 Structural styles in TH12518

Fig.9 Karst caves development pattern along TH12518. Modified after [13].

Fig.10 Karst landform features (a), coherence attribute application on seismic data (b), and spatial overlap between surface river and fault patterns (c) in episode I of the middle Caledonian on the top surface of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in northwestern Tahe Oilfield

Fig.11 Ordovician Lianglitage Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 7 2) in the study area in episode II of the middle Caledonian

Fig.12 Seismic (a) and karst strength (b) profiles across TH12518 fault surface

Fig.13 Ordovician Santam Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 7 0) in the study area in episode III of the middle Caledonian

Fig.14 Silurian top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 6 0) in the study area in the late Caledonian

Fig.15 Donghetang Formation top surface (seismic reflection wave group T 5 7) in the study area in the early Hercynian

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