Early Cretaceous wildfire events in NE China and implications on deep-time ecosystems

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.77

Abstract

Abstract:

The Early Cretaceous was marked by extensive wildfires across the globe. Wildfires, as an critical component of the global ecosystem, are increasingly recognized for their profound impact on deep-time ecosystems. Based on the wildfire records from the Early Cretaceous in NE China, as well as the global records on CO₂, O₂ concentrations and the evolution of vegetation, this study synthesizes the characteristics and influencing factors of wildfires and analyzes their implications on deep-time ecosystems during this period. The Early Cretaceous Albian in NE China exhibits an inertinite content of 24.17% (volume fraction), compared to a lower content of 18.68% (volume fraction) in the Aptian. Based on the relationship model between inertinite content and oxygen content, the estimated Albian oxygen concentration is 24.92% and Aptian oxygen concentration is 24.21%. Utilizing a relationship model that correlates inertinite reflectance with combustion temperature, the types of wildfires in the Early Cretaceous Albian and Aptian stages in NE China are classified as ground fires and surface fires. From the Aptian to the Albian stages, the types of wildfires are predominantly ground fires. During the early phase of the Early Cretaceous, angiosperms were characterized by their low stature, shorter life cycles, high vein density, and high photosynthetic rates, which better adapted them to the low-intensity wildfires during this period. Meanwhile, the frequent occurrence of wildfires in the Early Cretaceous promoted the wide spread of angiosperms, which in turn led to a reduction in the diversity of gymnosperms and ferns. Wildfires led to enhanced surface erosion and runoff, which facilitated the influx of large amounts of terrestrial organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, into lakes or oceans. This influx caused eutrophication in lakes or oceans and promoted the proliferation of planktonic organisms. As substantial amounts of terrestrial organic matter and plankton sink in the water, they consumed dissolved oxygen, fostering the development of oxygen-deficient environments. This process contributed to the accumulation of organic-rich mudstones during the Early Cretaceous.

Key words: Northeast China, Early Cretaceous, inertinite, wildfire, ecosystem

CLC Number:

WANG Shuai, DONG Tao, LI Yanan, XU Xiaotao, GAO Lianfeng, ZHANG Zhenguo. Early Cretaceous wildfire events in NE China and implications on deep-time ecosystems[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 497-509.

Figures/Tables 11

References 98

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时期	盆地		惰质组(mmf)含量/%		数据来源
阿尔必期	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	8.70~42.50		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	(38/22.49)		据文献[62]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	0.20~85.00		据文献[34]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	(19/33.48)	0.20~85.00	据文献[34]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	2.60~59.80	(129/24.17)	据文献[34-35,63]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	(65/22.06)		据文献[34-35,63]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	21.69~39.42		据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	(7/27.59)		据文献[39]
阿普特期	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	8.30~20.30		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	(16/12.26)		据文献[62]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	2.70~24.30		据文献[34]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	(5/9.76)	2.70~38.71	据文献[34]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	23.65~38.71	(41/18.68)	据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	(8/30.13)		据文献[39]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	8.37~35.73		据文献[64]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	(12/23.34)		据文献[64]

时期	盆地		惰质组(mmf)含量/%		数据来源
阿尔必期	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	8.70~42.50		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	(38/22.49)		据文献[62]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	0.20~85.00		据文献[34]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	(19/33.48)	0.20~85.00	据文献[34]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	2.60~59.80	(129/24.17)	据文献[34-35,63]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	(65/22.06)		据文献[34-35,63]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	21.69~39.42		据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	(7/27.59)		据文献[39]
阿普特期	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	8.30~20.30		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	(16/12.26)		据文献[62]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	2.70~24.30		据文献[34]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	(5/9.76)	2.70~38.71	据文献[34]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	23.65~38.71	(41/18.68)	据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	(8/30.13)		据文献[39]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	8.37~35.73		据文献[64]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	(12/23.34)		据文献[64]

时期	盆地		惰质组反射率R_o/%		数据来源
阿尔必期	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	1.30~2.30		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	(38/1.69)		据文献[62]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	0.59~1.24		据文献[34]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	(19/0.90)	0.58~2.51	据文献[34]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	0.58~1.66	(96/1.30)	据文献[34-35]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	(32/1.01)		据文献[34-35]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	1.21~2.51		据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	(7/1.64)		据文献[39]
阿普特期	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	1.60~2.80		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	(16/2.29)		据文献[62]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	0.94~1.24		据文献[34]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	(5/1.05)	0.94~2.80	据文献[34]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	1.22~2.73	(41/1.77)	据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	(8/1.73)		据文献[39]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	1.33~1.52		据文献[64]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	(12/1.42)		据文献[64]

时期	盆地		惰质组反射率R_o/%		数据来源
阿尔必期	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	1.30~2.30		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	阜新组和沙海组四段	(38/1.69)		据文献[62]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	0.59~1.24		据文献[34]
	二连盆地	赛汉塔拉组	(19/0.90)	0.58~2.51	据文献[34]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	0.58~1.66	(96/1.30)	据文献[34-35]
	海拉尔盆地	伊敏组	(32/1.01)		据文献[34-35]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	1.21~2.51		据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组上部	(7/1.64)		据文献[39]
阿普特期	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	1.60~2.80		据文献[62]
	阜新盆地	沙海组一段至三段	(16/2.29)		据文献[62]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	0.94~1.24		据文献[34]
	三江盆地群	城子河组	(5/1.05)	0.94~2.80	据文献[34]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	1.22~2.73	(41/1.77)	据文献[39]
	松辽盆地	沙河子组中下部	(8/1.73)		据文献[39]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	1.33~1.52		据文献[64]
	海拉尔盆地	大磨拐河组	(12/1.42)		据文献[64]