Ecosystem science research from the perspective of surface Earth system science

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.10

Abstract

Abstract:

Surface earth system science (SESS) emphasizes the holistic nature, dynamic balance, and feedback mechanisms among Earth’s surface spheres, providing a new theoretical and methodological framework for studying the structure, function, and evolution of ecosystems. From the perspective of SESS, this review discusses the importance of ecosystem science (ES) in related research fields, and outlines current hot topics and challenges. We first discuss how SESS and ES are related: the former focuses on the interactions and collective behavior of various Earth’s surface spheres, while the latter investigates the co-evolutionary mechanisms with other spheres through the study of energy and material flows within ecosystems. Secondly, the theoretical innovations brought by SESS to ES’s research are explored, particularly the introduction of the multi-sphere coupling framework and complex systems theory, which have transformed ES’s research from local to global scales. Based on the current trend from local to global integrated studies, we also discuss the important applications of systematic observation and data integration, cross-scale modeling techniques, and emerging technologies and indicators in ES-related research. Within the framework of multi-sphere interactions, this review examines the relationships between ecosystems and other Earth’s surface spheres in the context of global change, as well as the response and adaptation mechanisms of ecosystems. The results indicate that integrating interaction mechanisms between different Earth’s surface spheres can provide a crucial scientific basis for studying ecosystem stability and service functions. Finally, in light of intensified global change due to human activities, the review points out that ES needs to further integrate emerging technologies such as remote sensing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence to deeply uncover the evolutionary patterns of ecosystems in the Anthropocene, as well as nonlinear response mechanisms and critical thresholds, thereby providing scientific evidence and decision-making support for global sustainable development.

Key words: surface Earth system science, ecosystem science, feedback mechanism, global change

CLC Number:

X171.1

WANG Tiejun, AN Zhifeng, SONG Zhaoliang, ZHOU Haoran, SUN Xinchao, CHEN Wei, LI Pan, LIU Cong-Qiang. Ecosystem science research from the perspective of surface Earth system science[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 78-91.

Figures/Tables 2

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