Isotope geochemistry and its application in Earth system sphere interactions and global change

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.2

Abstract

Abstract:

The Earth system comprises the geosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere, which interconnected each other. A central focus of Earth system science lies in investigating the exchange of materials and energy within and between these spheres, as well as their dynamical mechanisms. Such exchanges are governed primarily by hydrological and biogeochemical cycles of major and trace elements, making the biogeochemical cycling of elements the link among Earth’s subsystems and a critical mechanism driving or modulating global change. Furthermore, under rapid socioeconomic development, human activities profoundly alter these biogeochemical cycles, inducing unprecedented transformations in the Earth system. Key challenges in Earth system science include precisely characterizing biogeochemical cycles, unraveling their dynamical mechanisms, predicting their future trajectories, and evaluating their ecological impacts. Isotopic techniques provide robust tools for tracing cross-sphere material fluxes and biogeochemical processes, playing an indispensable role in studying sphere interactions and global change. This paper reviews recent advances in applying traditional and non-traditional stable isotopes to track sphere interactions and global change, synthesizes typical isotopic signatures across Earth’s subsystems, delineates isotopic fractionation mechanisms at sphere interfaces, traces anthropogenic impacts on environmental-ecological systems, and identifies critical scientific challenges and frontiers in isotope geochemistry within the Earth system science framework. Future research should integrate isotopic approaches with emerging fields like geography, ecology, molecular biology, Earth system modeling, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics to refine isotope-enabled theoretical frameworks for biogeochemical cycling under multi-sphere, multi-process, and multi-element coupling. Such integrative efforts will deepen understanding of sphere interactions, human-global change linkages, and environmental-life coevolution.

Key words: isotope geochemistry, isotope fractionation mechanisms, Earth system science, biogeochemical cycles, inter-sphere interactions, global change

CLC Number:

CHEN Jiubin, ZHENG Wang, LIU Yi, SUN Ruoyu, YUAN Wei, MENG Mei, CAI Hongming, Liu Cong-Qiang. Isotope geochemistry and its application in Earth system sphere interactions and global change[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 137-155.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig.1 The role of metals in transforming phosphorus (P) in/between different pools. Modified after [12].

Fig.2 Zinc stable isotope fractionation during water-rock interaction

Fig.3 Schematic representation of the mercury isotope variations in different reservoirs

Fig.4 Schematic representation of the main metal isotope systems used for natural and anthropogenic tracing. Modified after [136].

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