Abstract:

With the intensification of global change, the land/ocean-atmosphere interface, as a key material and energy exchange area in the Earth system, has become an important window for understanding climate change, ecological evolution, and the feedback mechanism of the Earth system. The land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes involve the exchange of energy and materials between the atmosphere and the land and ocean surfaces. They determine the dynamic changes of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and directly affect the evolution of the Earth system. The research on the land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes is crucial to a deep understanding of the dynamics of the Earth system, which is one of the most important cutting-edge issues in Earth system science. This paper first synthesizes the research on the land/ocean-atmosphere interface from the perspective of Earth system science, summarizes the land/ocean-atmosphere interface and its role in the Earth system, and the relationship between the material and energy exchange processes in the land/ocean-atmosphere interface and global change. Secondly, we reviewed the impact of the land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes on the atmospheric environment, the impact of the land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes on the elemental (e.g., carbon, nitrogen) and hydrological cycles in ecosystems, as well as the feedbacks between the land-ocean-atmosphere system and global climate change. Finally, the research frontiers and challenges in the field of the land/ocean-atmosphere interface science are proposed, including the construction of a multi-scale interdisciplinary research system for the land/ocean-atmosphere interface science, such as the optimization of the integrated space-air-ground stereoscopic observation system, the Earth system modelling and multi-scale coupling mechanisms of the land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes, the land/ocean-atmosphere interface science research in the era of artificial intelligence, as well as the land/ocean-atmosphere interface processes and their impact in climatic and ecological sensitive areas such as polar, alpine and coastal areas. The land/ocean-atmosphere interface science will play a more important role in the fields of climate change response, ecological environmental protection and sustainable development.

Key words: land/ocean-atmosphere interface, global change, biogeochemical cycles, Earth system models, land-ocean-atmosphere interactions