Progress and scientific frontiers in numerical simulation of the Earth system

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.9

Abstract

Abstract:

Earth system models are essential tools for understanding and predicting global change and have made significant strides in recent years. These advancements are evident in the more detailed representation of coupled processes across Earth’s spheres and the integration of increasingly sophisticated physical and chemical processes within them. The reduction in model uncertainties has been driven by the adoption of innovative methods and cutting-edge technologies. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including limitations in capturing complex interactive processes, difficulties in simulating socio-ecological systems, and the need to enhance the modeling of regional extreme events. Moving forward, efforts should prioritize fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, harnessing emerging technologies to improve data acquisition and predictive accuracy, and deepening research into socio-ecological processes and their impacts. Such initiatives will bolster the ability to model and predict regional extreme events while paving the way for next-generation Earth system models that seamlessly integrate land, ocean, atmosphere, and human interactions. These advancements are vital for supporting sustainable development and providing a robust scientific foundation to address and anticipate global changes.

Key words: Earth system model, development history, research progress, limitations and challenges, land-sea-atmosphere-human interaction

CLC Number:

N945

ZHU Jialei, DONG Jianzhi, ZHANG Yonggen, SUN Shaobo, JIANG Zhe, ZHOU Haoran, ZHAO Xi, LI Pan, CHEN Wei, WANG Lichun, LI Xin, Liu Cong-Qiang. Progress and scientific frontiers in numerical simulation of the Earth system[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 118-136.

Figures/Tables 1

References 197

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