Experimental simulation and characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in strike-slip fault zone in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.23

Abstract

Abstract:

An important breakthrough has been made in recent years in the exploration of ultra-deep carbonate rocks in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin with the discovery of fault-controlled fracture-cave reservoirs. These reservoirs show a good combination of source, reservoir and cap, where different strike-slip fault combination styles have important influence and control on the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. In this paper, a typical strike-slip fault in Shunbei area is selected to analyze the compressive-torsional and tensional-torsional deformation segments, and it becomes clear that the former has a dendritic/dendritic combination style, and the latter has an asymmetric/symmetric style. Combined with seismic analysis of the drilled oil and gas reservoirs, an experimental model is established to conduct physical simulation experiments, and it is found that the main factors affecting the oil, gas, water distributions are the physical properties of the fault zone, the fracture connectivity, the intensity of the hydrocarbon supply and the development of the fracture networks. Being directly connected to the primary and secondary faults, the compressive-torsional deformation segment is superior for hydrocarbon accumulation, and can be a target area for later exploration and development. The above results provide deeper insights into the oil and gas migration and accumulation in deep strike-slip faults and can be used to guide the exploration of fault-controlled fracture-vuggy reservoirs in Shunbei area.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Shunbei area, Ordovician, carbonate rock, fault-controlled fracture-cave reservoirs, physical simulation experiment

CLC Number:

ZHU Xiuxiang, CAO Zicheng, LONG Hui, ZENG Jianhui, HUANG Cheng, CHEN Xuyun. Experimental simulation and characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in strike-slip fault zone in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 289-304.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Fault distribution, stratigraphy and lithology characteristics of the top surface of Middle Ordovician Tongjianfang Formation in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin. Modified after [5].

Fig.2 Seismic profiles of symmetric and asymmetric fault structures

Fig.3 Complex dendritic reservoir characteristics in the compression-torsion section of the Shunbei 5 well area

Fig.4 Simple dendritic structure (Shunbei 5-6 well area) reservoir characteristics

Fig.5 Characteristics of asymmetric structure (well 5-5H Shunbei)

Fig.6 Characteristics of symmetric structure (well SHB53CX) reservoir

Fig.7 Characteristics of symmetric structure (well SHB53-2H)

Fig.8 Experimental model of complex dendritic structure in compression torsion segment

Fig.9 Experimental model of simple dendritic structure in compression torsion segment

Table 1 Related parameters of experimental model (Model 1) of complex dendritic structure in compression torsion segment

编号	厚度/cm	粒径/mm	换算渗透率/mD
缝网①	4	0.10~0.15	1 156
断层F1、F3和F4	2.5	0.35~0.40	10 406
断层F3-1	2.5	0.40~0.45	13 366
断层F2	1.5	0.20~0.25	3 746
断层F5	1	0.15~0.20	2 266

Table 2 Related parameters of experimental model (Model 2) of simple dendritic structure in compression torsion segment

编号	厚度/cm	粒径/mm	换算渗透率/mD
缝网①	6	0.05~0.10	416
裂缝	0.5	0.10~0.15	1 156
断层F1上	1.5	0.30~0.35	7 816
断层F1下	1.5	0.25~0.30	5 596
断层F2上	2	0.35~0.40	10 406
断层F2下	2	0.30~0.35	7 816
断层F3	2	0.40~0.45	13 366

Fig.10 Oil migration and accumulation in Model 1 a—102 min;b—193 min;c—672 min;d—1 205 min;e—1 446 min;f—1 687 min。

Fig.11 Oil migration and accumulation in Model 2 a—132 min;b—420 min;c—591 min;d—977 min;e—1 442 min。

Fig.12 Experimental models of tensioned torsion segment symmetrical structure

Fig.13 Experimental models of torsion segment asymmetric structure

Table 3 Related parameters of experimental model (Model 3) of tension-torsion symmetrical structure

编号	厚度/cm	粒径/mm	换算渗透率/mD
缝网①和②	4	0.10~0.15	1 156
主断裂F2	1.5	0.30~0.35	7 816
断裂F1	1.5	0.30~0.35	7 816
断裂F3	1.5	0.30~0.35	7 816

Table 4 Related parameters of the experimental model of asymmetric structure in tension-torsion segment (Model 4)

编号	厚度/cm	粒径/mm	换算渗透率/mD
缝网①	4	0.10~0.15	1 156
断层F1	2	0.20~0.25	3 746
断层F2	2.5	0.40~0.45	13 366
断层F3	1.5	0.25~0.30	5 596
断层F4	2	0.20~0.25	3 746

Fig.14 Oil migration and accumulation in Model 3 a—182 min;b—300 min;c—454 min;d—504 min;e—718 min。

Fig.15 Oil migration and accumulation in Model 4 a—94 min;b—138 min;c—553 min;d—918 min;e—1 349 min。

Fig.16 Model 1: Relationship between experimental time and liquid output and hydrocarbon accumulation process

Table 5 Characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs in compression and tensioning segments

油气藏	构造特征		储集体特征		油气运聚特征		油气水分布特征		典型实例
	断裂性质	垂向结构	储集体分布	储集类型	运移路径	聚集特征	油气分布	油气产量	典型实例
压扭段油气藏	逆断层	复杂树枝状、简单树枝状	两侧边界断裂、中部主断裂	两侧为洞穴型,中部多为裂缝-孔洞型	主断先运,次断辅助	主断、次断、缝网都聚集	中部主断裂和左侧边界断裂	2万~ 11.35万t	顺北5井、顺北5-6井
张扭段油气藏	正断层	对称式和非对称式	中部主断裂	裂缝-孔洞型及洞穴型均有发育	主断为主,次断和缝网辅助	主断、次断聚集	中部主断裂,次断裂少见	<3万t	顺北5-5井、顺北53井、顺北53-2井

Fig.17 Transport and accumulation characteristics of oil in compression and torsion segments (Model 1) and tension and torsion segments (Model 4) under different hydrocarbon supply intensities

Fig.18 Hydrocarbon accumulation model diagram of strike-slip fault

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