Recent advances in geophysical technology: High-resolution seismic frequency and phase analysis techniques and applications

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.36

Abstract

Abstract:

Seismic prospecting for oil and gas exploration and development is limited by seismic data resolution. Improving the accuracy of quantitative interpretation of seismic data in thin layers, thereby identifying effective reservoirs and delineating favorable areas, is often a key factor for successful exploration and development. Historically, the limit of seismic resolution is usually assumed to be about ¼ wavelength of the dominant frequency of the data in the formation of interest. After years of continuous research and testing, this assumed resolution limit of traditional seismic model has been broken, and a series of high-resolution quantitative interpretation methods and techniques have been developed. Case studies in carbonates, clastics, and unconventional reservoirs indicate that the application of quantitative interpretation techniques such as high-resolution seismic frequency and phase attribute analysis has produced remarkable results. Band recovery using high resolution seismic processing technology can greatly improve ability to recognize geological details such as thin layers, faults, and karst caves. Multi-scale fault detection technology can effectively detect small-scale faults in addition to more readily recognized large-scale faults. Based on the traditional seismic amplitude information, high-resolution spectral decomposition and phase decomposition technology expands seismic attribute analysis to the frequency and phase dimensions, boosting the seismic geological information content and reflecting subsurface geological characteristics and hydrocarbon potential, improve the reliability of seismic interpretation, and reduce the non-uniqueness of geological models. These technologies, based on high-resolution quantitative interpretation techniques, make the identification of effective reservoirs more efficient and accurate.

Key words: high-resolution seismic, spectral decomposition, phase decomposition, band recovery high resolution enhancement, multi-scale fault detection

CLC Number:

P597

JIANG Renqi, WU Jian, John CASTAGNA, ZHOU Gang. Recent advances in geophysical technology: High-resolution seismic frequency and phase analysis techniques and applications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(1): 199-212.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Strata model and its reflectivity. Modified after [3].

Fig.2 Frequency and peak amplitude vs. thickness variation. Modified after [3].

Fig.3 Schema of band recovery high resolution processing. Modified after [5].

Fig.4 CLSSA,STFT and CWT spectral decomposition of a seismic trace. Modified after [7].

Fig.5 Schema of phase decomposition of a seismic trace

Fig.6 Schema of phase decomposition of a seismic trace

Fig.7 3D views of fault detect and coherence volumes

Fig.8 Seismic sections before and after high resolution processing

Fig.9 Sections of coherence and fault detect

Fig.10 Slice of fault detect overlay on Amplitude attribute (delineate caves)

Fig.11 Sections of raw seismic(top), frequency absorption decay(middle) and -90° phase component (bottom)

Fig.12 Seismic sections of high-resolution processing(wiggle) overlay on raw(color)

Fig.13 Slices of RMS amplitude on P layer in iso-frequency volumes

Fig.14 Sections of raw seismic and -90° phase component

Fig.15 Seismic sections before and after high-resolution processing

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