Geochronological analysis of fossil landslides and improvement of dating accuracy

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.14

Abstract

Abstract:

It is extremely useful to identify the ages and recurrence interval of giant fossil landslides for determining the conditions under which landslides occur and assessing landslide risk. It also helps to understand the Quaternary geological history of high mountainous areas. This paper reviews the current progress and achievements in landslide dating using geochronological methods. We introduce the principles and applicability of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and ¹⁴C, and discuss their advantages and limitations in landslide studies. We focus on the primary datable landslide materials and geomorphological features, such as the main scarp, sliding surface, slide shoulders, and landslide lakes. Furthermore, aiming at solving current problems in fossil landslide dating, some methods for improving dating accuracy are proposed.

Key words: landslide, chronology, optically stimulated luminescence, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides, ¹⁴C dating

CLC Number:

P597
P642.22

BAI Shibiao, CUI Peng, GE Yonggang, WANG Hao. Geochronological analysis of fossil landslides and improvement of dating accuracy[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 19-34.

Figures/Tables 4

References 121

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区域		滑坡名称			核素		平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Yaral Pangbache TsergoRi			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		8.7±0.1 10.1±1.0 38.9±3.8	淡色花岗岩淡色花岗岩淡色花岗岩		砾石砾石砾石	0.97~0.98 0.98 0.92~0.96	[55]
		Rangatoli Dear			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ²⁶Al		4.9±2.5 10.8±0.5	变质片岩、片麻岩、石英岩变质片岩、片麻岩、石英岩		砾石砾石	0.985~0.995 0.987~0.997	[54]
		Milan			¹⁰Be		7.8±1.7	片岩		砾石	0.96~0.98	[57]
		Darcha Patseo Kelang Serai Chilam			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		7.6±1.3 8.7±0.4 7.2±0.4 9.6±0.4	砂岩千枚岩砾岩和石英岩火山岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石	0.95~0.97 0.98~0.99 0.98~1 0.98	[20]
		Satpara-Skardu GolGhone Katzarah DhakChauki Upper Henzul Baltit-Sumayar			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		3.6±0.1 3.6±0.1 6.8±0.1 5.5±0.1 7.2±0.2 3.8±0.2	花岗岩花岗岩花岗岩石英脉花岗闪长岩花岗闪长岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石	1 1 1 1 1 1	[56]
		Taheman Muztagh Bulunkou Yimake			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		6.8±0.2 14.3±0.8 2.0±0.1 7.1±0.6	片麻岩片麻岩片麻岩片岩、石灰岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石	1 1 0.952 4~0.967 8 1	[22]
区域		滑坡名称		核素			平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Keylong Serai		¹⁰Be			7.51±0.1	石英脉		砾石		[53]
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Yadong		¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be			14.2±1.3 13.3±1.3 13.1±1.3 13.9±1.3 13.1±1.2 12.0±1.1	变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石卵石	0.974 1 0.974 1 0.974 1 0.992 7 0.991 9 0.991 9	[58]
亚洲 (天山)		Ukok		¹⁰Be			0.4±0.16	花岗岩		砾石	0.916~0.985	[66]
		Aksu		¹⁰Be			66±6.1	花岗岩		砾石	0.914~0.993
		Alamyedin		¹⁰Be			12.8±1.4	花岗岩		砾石	0.933~0.496
		Tianchi		¹⁰Be			13.6±1.4	安山岩、凝灰岩		砾石	0.98	[65]
亚洲 (中国香港)		Ap Lei Chau		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			11.0±1.3	凝灰岩		后壁、砾石	0.879~0.968	[67]
		Sunset Peak West		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			8.2±0.9	凝灰岩		后壁	0.851~0.987
		Sham Wat		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			32.3±5.4	流纹岩		后壁、砾石	0.894~0.986
		Tsing Yi		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			47.0±1.6	花岗岩		后壁、砾石	0.786~0.860
亚洲 (蒙古)		Jargalant		¹⁰Be			44.5±3.9	石英岩		后壁	0.995	[62]
亚洲 (蒙古)				¹⁰Be			193.5±17.5	石英岩		后壁	0.995	[62]
亚洲 (中东)		Shehoret		¹⁰Be			(3.6±0.8), (4.7±0.7)	砂岩		后壁和砾石	0.51~1	[49]
		Kartal		³⁶Cl			(81±14), (58.8±8.8)	石灰岩		后壁	0.99	[50]
		Akdag		³⁶Cl			1.3±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4	[51]
				³⁶Cl			1.0±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4
				³⁶Cl			1.1±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4
				³⁶Cl			1.5±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.962 7
				³⁶Cl			7.9±0.5	石灰岩		砾石	0.955 0
				³⁶Cl			8.7±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.955 0
				³⁶Cl			5.3±0.3	石灰岩		砾石	0.916 6
				³⁶Cl			1.5±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.933 6
				³⁶Cl			8.7±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.946 6
				³⁶Cl			2.9±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.950 0
				³⁶Cl			1.4±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.964 5
				³⁶Cl			1.6±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.971 7
				³⁶Cl			4.7±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.973 2
				³⁶Cl			9.3±0.5	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 5
				³⁶Cl			4.0±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.963 9
				³⁶Cl			7.1±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 2
				³⁶Cl			9.3±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 2
				³⁶Cl			6.9±0.3	石灰岩		砾石	0.946 7
欧洲(阿尔卑斯山)		Lauvitel		¹⁰Be			4.7±0.4	花岗岩		后壁、砾石	0.5~0.94	[39]
		Tapia Campos Rɩo Barrancas		³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl			30.5±1.3 49±2.0 2.1±0.6	安山岩石灰岩安山岩		砾石砾石砾石	1 1 1	[40]
		Marbrière Magagnosc Bar sur Loup Caire Baou des Noirs		³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl			3.9±0.2 4.6±0.37 3.9±0.41 2.89±0.5 4.5±0.49	石灰岩、角岩石灰岩石灰岩、角岩石灰岩石灰岩		后壁后壁后壁后壁后壁	0.51 0.5 0.71~0.73 0.64 0.5~0.64	[41]
		La Clapière		¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be			7.1±0.5 10.3±0.5 2.3±0.5	片麻岩片麻岩片麻岩		后壁后壁后壁	0~0.26 0~0.26 0~0.26	[36]
区域	滑坡名称		核素			平均年龄/ka			岩性	采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
欧洲(阿尔卑斯山)	Le Pra		¹⁰Be			7.68±0.64 11.12±1.01			变质岩	后壁	0.99~1	[42]
	Durance		¹⁰Be			1.832±0.326			片麻岩、花岗岩	砾石	0.66~0.98	[38]
	Lauvitel		¹⁰Be			4.7±0.4			花岗岩	砾石、后壁	0.5~0.94	[40]
	Séchilienne		¹⁰Be			6~8			变质岩	后壁	0.433~9.99	[34]
	Velikivrh		³⁶Cl			0.506±0.016			石灰岩	砾石	0.865~0.998	[43]
	Val Viola		¹⁰Be			7.43±0.46			变质岩	砾石	0.944	[38]
	Flims		³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be			8.9±0.7			石灰岩、石英脉	砾石	0.501~0.997	[35]
	Rauris Valley		¹⁰Be			11.8±1.1			片岩、石英岩	后壁、砾石	0.96~0.98	[44]
	Fernpass		³⁶Cl			4.1±1.3			石灰岩	后壁	0.801~0.803	[45]
	Oesch 1		³⁶Cl			2.19±0.19			石灰岩	砾石	0.952	[46]
	Oesch 2		³⁶Cl			2.36±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.960
	Oesch 3		³⁶Cl			2.54±0.17			石灰岩	砾石	0.957
	Oesch 4		³⁶Cl			2.22±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.914
	Oesch 5		³⁶Cl			2.31±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.920
	Oesch 7		³⁶Cl			2.14±0.14			石灰岩	砾石	0.958
	Oesch 3		³⁶Cl			2.6±0.18			石灰岩	砾石	0.929
欧洲(不列颠群岛)	Mullaghmore		³⁶Cl			17.67±1.52			玄武岩	砾石	0.47~0.98	[28]
	Benbradagh		³⁶Cl			(13.13±2.27), (9.22±1.73)			玄武岩	砾石	0.983~0.99
	Donalds Hill		³⁶Cl			17.89±1.79			玄武岩	砾石	0.975~0.992
	Mullach Coire a’Chuir		¹⁰Be			1.534±0.165			片岩	砾石	0.968~0.974	[27]
	Hell’s Glen		¹⁰Be			3.67±0.397			片岩	砾石	0.950~0.957
	Beinn an Lochain		¹⁰Be			11.037±0.563			片岩	砾石	0.971
	Coire Gabhail		¹⁰Be			1.682±0.22			片岩	砾石	0.921
	Carn Ban		¹⁰Be			4.638±0.464			凝灰岩	砾石	0.964~0.98
	Druim nan Uadhag		¹⁰Be			9.798±1.25			石英-长石	砾石	0.958~0.969
	Carn Etchachan		¹⁰Be			12.758±0.518			花岗岩	砾石	0.986~0.989
	Coire Beanaidh		¹⁰Be			13.354±1.215			花岗岩	砾石	0.994
	Lairig Ghru		¹⁰Be			16.234±1.469			花岗岩	砾石	0.984~0.989
	Strath Nethy		¹⁰Be			16.933±0.598			花岗岩	砾石	0.976
	Carn Ghluasaid		¹⁰Be			11.995±0.466			片岩	砾石	0.987~0.995
	Coire nan Arr		¹⁰Be			11.658+0.473			砂岩	砾石	0.988~0.99
	Meall Chean-dearg		¹⁰Be			11.543±0.373			石英岩	砾石	0.978
	The Storr		¹⁰Be			6.089±0.488			玄武岩	砾石	0.980~0.981
	Beinn Alligin		¹⁰Be			4.115±0.202			砂岩	砾石	0.972
	Baosbheinn		¹⁰Be			14.017±0.491			砂岩	砾石	0.983~0.984
	Carn nan Gillian		¹⁰Be			7.338±0.536			麻粒岩	砾石	0.966~0.977
欧洲(克里米亚山脉)	Foros and Yalta		³⁶Cl			19.7±1.1			石灰岩	后壁	0.67	[29]
			³⁶Cl			14.1±0.9			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			15.1±1.1			石灰岩	后壁	0.85
			³⁶Cl			2.4±0.3			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			0.5±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.55
			³⁶Cl			6.4±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.73
			³⁶Cl			17.3±1.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.82
			³⁶Cl			8.2±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.77
			³⁶Cl			4.5±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.75
			³⁶Cl			4.7±0.5			石灰岩	后壁	0.86
			³⁶Cl			1.8±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.77
			³⁶Cl			1.4±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.55
			³⁶Cl			7.6±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			9.3±1.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.59
			³⁶Cl			4.8±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.66
			³⁶Cl			5.2±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.56
区域		滑坡名称			核素		平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
欧洲(马耳他群岛)		Anchor Bay			³⁶Cl		21.7±1.4	石灰岩		后壁		[30]
					³⁶Cl		9.2±0.5	石灰岩		后壁
					³⁶Cl		7.4±0.4	石灰岩		后壁
		Il-Qarraba			³⁶Cl		10.2±0.6	石灰岩		后壁
		Il-Qarraba			³⁶Cl		15.3±1.0	石灰岩		后壁
欧洲(西喀尔巴阡山脉)		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		4.0±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.492 9	[47]
					¹⁰Be		4.2±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.492 9
					¹⁰Be		3.6±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.662 5
					¹⁰Be		4.1±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		3.6±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		4.7±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		5.8±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.544 9
					¹⁰Be		6.5±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.498 2
					¹⁰Be		1.0±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.760 4
		Malenovický kotel			¹⁰Be		3.9±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.497 9
					¹⁰Be		2.4±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.546 4
					¹⁰Be		4.2±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.612 2
					¹⁰Be		2.9±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.690 6
		Malchor			¹⁰Be		6.0±0.5	砂岩		后壁	0.503 0
					¹⁰Be		9.7±1.2	砂岩		后壁	0.406 4
					¹⁰Be		1.5±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.622 7
		Kykulka			¹⁰Be		0.3±0.0	砂岩		后壁	0.670 9
					¹⁰Be		3.4±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.602 7
					¹⁰Be		3.3±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.492 2
		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		1.4±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.619 2
		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		4.2±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.662 9
欧洲(伊比利亚半岛北部)		Cristallere			¹⁰Be		1.106±0.540	热液石英		后壁	0.79~0.95	[32]
欧洲(斯堪的纳维亚)		Grøtlandsura			¹⁰Be		3.81±0.19	花岗岩		砾石	0.832~0.865	[31]
		Hølen			¹⁰Be		7.5±0.3	片岩		砾石	0.856~0.881
		Russenes			¹⁰Be		4.29±0.28	片岩、花岗岩		砾石	0.775~0.847
欧洲(亚平宁山)		Lavini di Marco			³⁶Cl		(0.8±0.2), (1.5±0.2)	石灰岩		砾石、后壁	0.543~0.984	[48]
大洋洲(新西兰)		Lochnagar			¹⁰Be		(6.3±0.3), (8.9±0.5)	泥质片岩		砾石		[68]
北美洲 (博尔德山)					³He		26~33	火山岩		砾石	0.964~0.973	[23]
南美洲 (安第斯山脉)		Pangal Yes-MesonAlto Macul Potrerillos Salto del Soldado EsteroMaquis			³⁶Cl ¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ¹⁰Be		7.7±0.3 4.6±0.6 80.4±2.6 23.8±0.9 9.8±0.7 112±14	火山岩花岗闪长岩火山岩火山岩火山岩火山岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石		[25]
		Las Conchas			¹⁰Be		13.55±0.9	石英岩、花岗岩		砾石		[24]
		Tonco			¹⁰Be		15.0±2.0	石英岩、花岗岩		砾石		[24]

区域		滑坡名称			核素		平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Yaral Pangbache TsergoRi			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		8.7±0.1 10.1±1.0 38.9±3.8	淡色花岗岩淡色花岗岩淡色花岗岩		砾石砾石砾石	0.97~0.98 0.98 0.92~0.96	[55]
		Rangatoli Dear			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ²⁶Al		4.9±2.5 10.8±0.5	变质片岩、片麻岩、石英岩变质片岩、片麻岩、石英岩		砾石砾石	0.985~0.995 0.987~0.997	[54]
		Milan			¹⁰Be		7.8±1.7	片岩		砾石	0.96~0.98	[57]
		Darcha Patseo Kelang Serai Chilam			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		7.6±1.3 8.7±0.4 7.2±0.4 9.6±0.4	砂岩千枚岩砾岩和石英岩火山岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石	0.95~0.97 0.98~0.99 0.98~1 0.98	[20]
		Satpara-Skardu GolGhone Katzarah DhakChauki Upper Henzul Baltit-Sumayar			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		3.6±0.1 3.6±0.1 6.8±0.1 5.5±0.1 7.2±0.2 3.8±0.2	花岗岩花岗岩花岗岩石英脉花岗闪长岩花岗闪长岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石	1 1 1 1 1 1	[56]
		Taheman Muztagh Bulunkou Yimake			¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be		6.8±0.2 14.3±0.8 2.0±0.1 7.1±0.6	片麻岩片麻岩片麻岩片岩、石灰岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石	1 1 0.952 4~0.967 8 1	[22]
区域		滑坡名称		核素			平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Keylong Serai		¹⁰Be			7.51±0.1	石英脉		砾石		[53]
亚洲(喜马拉雅山脉)		Yadong		¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be			14.2±1.3 13.3±1.3 13.1±1.3 13.9±1.3 13.1±1.2 12.0±1.1	变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩变质沉积岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石卵石	0.974 1 0.974 1 0.974 1 0.992 7 0.991 9 0.991 9	[58]
亚洲 (天山)		Ukok		¹⁰Be			0.4±0.16	花岗岩		砾石	0.916~0.985	[66]
		Aksu		¹⁰Be			66±6.1	花岗岩		砾石	0.914~0.993
		Alamyedin		¹⁰Be			12.8±1.4	花岗岩		砾石	0.933~0.496
		Tianchi		¹⁰Be			13.6±1.4	安山岩、凝灰岩		砾石	0.98	[65]
亚洲 (中国香港)		Ap Lei Chau		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			11.0±1.3	凝灰岩		后壁、砾石	0.879~0.968	[67]
		Sunset Peak West		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			8.2±0.9	凝灰岩		后壁	0.851~0.987
		Sham Wat		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			32.3±5.4	流纹岩		后壁、砾石	0.894~0.986
		Tsing Yi		¹⁰Be、²⁶Al			47.0±1.6	花岗岩		后壁、砾石	0.786~0.860
亚洲 (蒙古)		Jargalant		¹⁰Be			44.5±3.9	石英岩		后壁	0.995	[62]
亚洲 (蒙古)				¹⁰Be			193.5±17.5	石英岩		后壁	0.995	[62]
亚洲 (中东)		Shehoret		¹⁰Be			(3.6±0.8), (4.7±0.7)	砂岩		后壁和砾石	0.51~1	[49]
		Kartal		³⁶Cl			(81±14), (58.8±8.8)	石灰岩		后壁	0.99	[50]
		Akdag		³⁶Cl			1.3±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4	[51]
				³⁶Cl			1.0±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4
				³⁶Cl			1.1±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.990 4
				³⁶Cl			1.5±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.962 7
				³⁶Cl			7.9±0.5	石灰岩		砾石	0.955 0
				³⁶Cl			8.7±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.955 0
				³⁶Cl			5.3±0.3	石灰岩		砾石	0.916 6
				³⁶Cl			1.5±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.933 6
				³⁶Cl			8.7±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.946 6
				³⁶Cl			2.9±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.950 0
				³⁶Cl			1.4±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.964 5
				³⁶Cl			1.6±0.1	石灰岩		砾石	0.971 7
				³⁶Cl			4.7±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.973 2
				³⁶Cl			9.3±0.5	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 5
				³⁶Cl			4.0±0.2	石灰岩		砾石	0.963 9
				³⁶Cl			7.1±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 2
				³⁶Cl			9.3±0.4	石灰岩		砾石	0.966 2
				³⁶Cl			6.9±0.3	石灰岩		砾石	0.946 7
欧洲(阿尔卑斯山)		Lauvitel		¹⁰Be			4.7±0.4	花岗岩		后壁、砾石	0.5~0.94	[39]
		Tapia Campos Rɩo Barrancas		³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl			30.5±1.3 49±2.0 2.1±0.6	安山岩石灰岩安山岩		砾石砾石砾石	1 1 1	[40]
		Marbrière Magagnosc Bar sur Loup Caire Baou des Noirs		³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl			3.9±0.2 4.6±0.37 3.9±0.41 2.89±0.5 4.5±0.49	石灰岩、角岩石灰岩石灰岩、角岩石灰岩石灰岩		后壁后壁后壁后壁后壁	0.51 0.5 0.71~0.73 0.64 0.5~0.64	[41]
		La Clapière		¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be ¹⁰Be			7.1±0.5 10.3±0.5 2.3±0.5	片麻岩片麻岩片麻岩		后壁后壁后壁	0~0.26 0~0.26 0~0.26	[36]
区域	滑坡名称		核素			平均年龄/ka			岩性	采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
欧洲(阿尔卑斯山)	Le Pra		¹⁰Be			7.68±0.64 11.12±1.01			变质岩	后壁	0.99~1	[42]
	Durance		¹⁰Be			1.832±0.326			片麻岩、花岗岩	砾石	0.66~0.98	[38]
	Lauvitel		¹⁰Be			4.7±0.4			花岗岩	砾石、后壁	0.5~0.94	[40]
	Séchilienne		¹⁰Be			6~8			变质岩	后壁	0.433~9.99	[34]
	Velikivrh		³⁶Cl			0.506±0.016			石灰岩	砾石	0.865~0.998	[43]
	Val Viola		¹⁰Be			7.43±0.46			变质岩	砾石	0.944	[38]
	Flims		³⁶Cl、¹⁰Be			8.9±0.7			石灰岩、石英脉	砾石	0.501~0.997	[35]
	Rauris Valley		¹⁰Be			11.8±1.1			片岩、石英岩	后壁、砾石	0.96~0.98	[44]
	Fernpass		³⁶Cl			4.1±1.3			石灰岩	后壁	0.801~0.803	[45]
	Oesch 1		³⁶Cl			2.19±0.19			石灰岩	砾石	0.952	[46]
	Oesch 2		³⁶Cl			2.36±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.960
	Oesch 3		³⁶Cl			2.54±0.17			石灰岩	砾石	0.957
	Oesch 4		³⁶Cl			2.22±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.914
	Oesch 5		³⁶Cl			2.31±0.16			石灰岩	砾石	0.920
	Oesch 7		³⁶Cl			2.14±0.14			石灰岩	砾石	0.958
	Oesch 3		³⁶Cl			2.6±0.18			石灰岩	砾石	0.929
欧洲(不列颠群岛)	Mullaghmore		³⁶Cl			17.67±1.52			玄武岩	砾石	0.47~0.98	[28]
	Benbradagh		³⁶Cl			(13.13±2.27), (9.22±1.73)			玄武岩	砾石	0.983~0.99
	Donalds Hill		³⁶Cl			17.89±1.79			玄武岩	砾石	0.975~0.992
	Mullach Coire a’Chuir		¹⁰Be			1.534±0.165			片岩	砾石	0.968~0.974	[27]
	Hell’s Glen		¹⁰Be			3.67±0.397			片岩	砾石	0.950~0.957
	Beinn an Lochain		¹⁰Be			11.037±0.563			片岩	砾石	0.971
	Coire Gabhail		¹⁰Be			1.682±0.22			片岩	砾石	0.921
	Carn Ban		¹⁰Be			4.638±0.464			凝灰岩	砾石	0.964~0.98
	Druim nan Uadhag		¹⁰Be			9.798±1.25			石英-长石	砾石	0.958~0.969
	Carn Etchachan		¹⁰Be			12.758±0.518			花岗岩	砾石	0.986~0.989
	Coire Beanaidh		¹⁰Be			13.354±1.215			花岗岩	砾石	0.994
	Lairig Ghru		¹⁰Be			16.234±1.469			花岗岩	砾石	0.984~0.989
	Strath Nethy		¹⁰Be			16.933±0.598			花岗岩	砾石	0.976
	Carn Ghluasaid		¹⁰Be			11.995±0.466			片岩	砾石	0.987~0.995
	Coire nan Arr		¹⁰Be			11.658+0.473			砂岩	砾石	0.988~0.99
	Meall Chean-dearg		¹⁰Be			11.543±0.373			石英岩	砾石	0.978
	The Storr		¹⁰Be			6.089±0.488			玄武岩	砾石	0.980~0.981
	Beinn Alligin		¹⁰Be			4.115±0.202			砂岩	砾石	0.972
	Baosbheinn		¹⁰Be			14.017±0.491			砂岩	砾石	0.983~0.984
	Carn nan Gillian		¹⁰Be			7.338±0.536			麻粒岩	砾石	0.966~0.977
欧洲(克里米亚山脉)	Foros and Yalta		³⁶Cl			19.7±1.1			石灰岩	后壁	0.67	[29]
			³⁶Cl			14.1±0.9			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			15.1±1.1			石灰岩	后壁	0.85
			³⁶Cl			2.4±0.3			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			0.5±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.55
			³⁶Cl			6.4±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.73
			³⁶Cl			17.3±1.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.82
			³⁶Cl			8.2±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.77
			³⁶Cl			4.5±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.75
			³⁶Cl			4.7±0.5			石灰岩	后壁	0.86
			³⁶Cl			1.8±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.77
			³⁶Cl			1.4±0.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.55
			³⁶Cl			7.6±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.70
			³⁶Cl			9.3±1.2			石灰岩	后壁	0.59
			³⁶Cl			4.8±0.4			石灰岩	后壁	0.66
			³⁶Cl			5.2±0.7			石灰岩	后壁	0.56
区域		滑坡名称			核素		平均年龄/ka	岩性		采样部位	遮蔽因子系数	文献
欧洲(马耳他群岛)		Anchor Bay			³⁶Cl		21.7±1.4	石灰岩		后壁		[30]
					³⁶Cl		9.2±0.5	石灰岩		后壁
					³⁶Cl		7.4±0.4	石灰岩		后壁
		Il-Qarraba			³⁶Cl		10.2±0.6	石灰岩		后壁
		Il-Qarraba			³⁶Cl		15.3±1.0	石灰岩		后壁
欧洲(西喀尔巴阡山脉)		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		4.0±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.492 9	[47]
					¹⁰Be		4.2±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.492 9
					¹⁰Be		3.6±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.662 5
					¹⁰Be		4.1±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		3.6±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		4.7±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.499 6
					¹⁰Be		5.8±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.544 9
					¹⁰Be		6.5±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.498 2
					¹⁰Be		1.0±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.760 4
		Malenovický kotel			¹⁰Be		3.9±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.497 9
					¹⁰Be		2.4±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.546 4
					¹⁰Be		4.2±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.612 2
					¹⁰Be		2.9±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.690 6
		Malchor			¹⁰Be		6.0±0.5	砂岩		后壁	0.503 0
					¹⁰Be		9.7±1.2	砂岩		后壁	0.406 4
					¹⁰Be		1.5±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.622 7
		Kykulka			¹⁰Be		0.3±0.0	砂岩		后壁	0.670 9
					¹⁰Be		3.4±0.4	砂岩		后壁	0.602 7
					¹⁰Be		3.3±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.492 2
		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		1.4±0.1	砂岩		后壁	0.619 2
		Luksinec			¹⁰Be		4.2±0.3	砂岩		后壁	0.662 9
欧洲(伊比利亚半岛北部)		Cristallere			¹⁰Be		1.106±0.540	热液石英		后壁	0.79~0.95	[32]
欧洲(斯堪的纳维亚)		Grøtlandsura			¹⁰Be		3.81±0.19	花岗岩		砾石	0.832~0.865	[31]
		Hølen			¹⁰Be		7.5±0.3	片岩		砾石	0.856~0.881
		Russenes			¹⁰Be		4.29±0.28	片岩、花岗岩		砾石	0.775~0.847
欧洲(亚平宁山)		Lavini di Marco			³⁶Cl		(0.8±0.2), (1.5±0.2)	石灰岩		砾石、后壁	0.543~0.984	[48]
大洋洲(新西兰)		Lochnagar			¹⁰Be		(6.3±0.3), (8.9±0.5)	泥质片岩		砾石		[68]
北美洲 (博尔德山)					³He		26~33	火山岩		砾石	0.964~0.973	[23]
南美洲 (安第斯山脉)		Pangal Yes-MesonAlto Macul Potrerillos Salto del Soldado EsteroMaquis			³⁶Cl ¹⁰Be ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ³⁶Cl ¹⁰Be		7.7±0.3 4.6±0.6 80.4±2.6 23.8±0.9 9.8±0.7 112±14	火山岩花岗闪长岩火山岩火山岩火山岩火山岩		砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石砾石		[25]
		Las Conchas			¹⁰Be		13.55±0.9	石英岩、花岗岩		砾石		[24]
		Tonco			¹⁰Be		15.0±2.0	石英岩、花岗岩		砾石		[24]