Cognization, characteristics, age and evolution of the ancient landslides along the deep-cut valleys on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.10

Abstract

Abstract:

The eastern Tibetan Plateau is a region with the most developed ancient landslides on earth. Based on ground surveys, remote sensing interpretation, and age dating, we summarize here the identification methods and the main developmental characteristics, formation age, and distribution pattern of the ancient landslides on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The ancient landslides have the characteristics of large scale, high starting point, and complex material composition and structure, and their spatial distribution is closely related to factors such as topography, lithology, and active structure. The ancient landslides are obviously affected by climate change in the region, and are generally formed at the stage of strong river undercuts. They have a good corresponding relationship with river terraces, with the formation ages mostly equivalent to the age of the T₂ terrace. The age span is 40-10 ka, concentrated in 30-20 ka. The distribution patterns of the ancient landslides differ in different areas because of tectonic activities and earthquakes as landslides generally developed intensely near active fault zones. This study will be helpful for understanding the evolution of ancient landslides and for predicting future catastrophe risk.

Key words: ancient landslide, river terrace, active tectonics, RS cognization model, eastern Tibetan Plateau

CLC Number:

P642.22
P694

ZHANG Yongshuang, LIU Xiaoyi, WU Rui’an, GUO Changbao, REN Sanshao. Cognization, characteristics, age and evolution of the ancient landslides along the deep-cut valleys on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 94-105.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Main active faults and large-scale landslides on the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Fig.2 River terrace section at the Dewei segment, Dadu River, Luding County. Adapted from [24].

Fig.3 River terrace of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Modified after [23,27,30].

Fig.4 Remote sensing ZY-3 image interpretation for the ancient landslides

Fig.5 Statistical analysis curve of new and ancient landslides based on their attribute characteristics

Fig.6 Statistics of the number of pixels corresponding to the IGTVI of new and ancient landslides for three landslides deposits

Fig.7 Distributions of large-scale ancient landslides in the Dadu River (a) and the upper Minjiang River (b)

Fig.8 Developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County

Table 1 Results of whole rock X-ray diffraction analysis of some typical weak rock masses

样品编号	取样点	岩性	矿物含量/%
样品编号	取样点	岩性	方解石	石英	斜绿泥石	伊利石	钠长石	白云石
S01	叠溪刁公寨	砂质板岩	17.49	35.07	12.17	21.12	12.01	2.13
S02	叠溪金瓶岩	碳质板岩	13.14	42.34	—	22.88	12.72	8.17
S03	松潘东山村	砂质板岩	12.78	40.08	10.09	21.88	13.97	1.19
S04	松潘牟尼沟	千枚岩	—	24.84	12.49	27.07	34.05	1.55

Fig.9 A mechanistic model of ancient landslide in active tectonic area

Fig.10 Age distribution of ancient landslides and terraces along the Dadu River

Fig.11 Age distribution of ancient landslides and terraces along the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

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