Neotectonics of the Altai-Sayan Mountains and reactivation of regional faults controlling seismicity

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.9

Abstract

Abstract:

The formation of mountain system and neotectonic structure of the Altai-Sayan region is regarded to be a result of intercontinental deformations, related to a distant effects of tectonic stress from the Indo-Eurasian collision. Within this tectonic model we carried out the joint analysis of the geology, seismicity data and topographic materials enable to assume that the maximum changes in the relief and seismic activity in the northern part of Central Asia mountain belt are confined to the zones of intersections of the Late Paleozoic regional faults. The intersections and junctions of faults should be considered as one of the most important structural factors that increase the fragmentation of the substrate, affect changes in the local stress field and predetermine the localization of large earthquake foci with a magnitude M≥5. Some regularities were revealed, based on the example of helium and travertine manifestations in the junction zone of the Charysh-Terekta and Kurai regional faults, which can be used as precursors of earthquakes.

Key words: Altai-Sayan Mountains, Kurai-Chuya basin, active tectonics, the Altai earthquake 27.09.2003, fault reactivation, faults controlling seismicity.

Mikhail M. BUSLOV, Lyudmila P. IMAEVA. Neotectonics of the Altai-Sayan Mountains and reactivation of regional faults controlling seismicity[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 301-319.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 The location of the study area in the southern Siberia of Altai at the junction zone of the Altai and Sayan orogens in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt (MOOB) is located to the southeast of this area. KA=Kuznetsk Alatau; KB=Kuznetsk Basin; MB=Minusa Basin; HB= Hubsugul basin, MGL=Mongolian Great Lakes’ Valley.

Fig.2 Scheme showing major geodynamic units of the Junggar-Altai-Sayan intracontinental orogeny (modified from Buslov and Cai, 2017)

Fig.3 Simplified neotectonics scheme of the Altai Mountains

Fig.4 Schemes of the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrain of the south-eastern part of Gorny 619 Altai over the past 95 Ma (modified after Vetrov et al., 2016)

Fig.5 Altai-Sayan fragment of the seismotectonic map of Eastern Siberia (modified after Imaev et al., 2015)

Fig.6 Neotectonic scheme in the shaded relief (top panel), and geological sections of the Kurai-Chuya basin with the surrounding mountains (modified after Nevedrova et al., 2014; Dobretsov et al., 2016). Red dots indicate the position of aftershocks, large green circles indicate the position of the September 27th, 2003 Altai earthquake (M=7.5) and large white circles indicate the position of large aftershocks (modified after Lunina et al., 2008), yellow dots indicate the position of travertines (modified after Deev et al., 2017; Pozdnyakova et al., 2019).

Fig.7 Helium distribution in ground waters of the Altai (modified after Dutova et al., 2020)

Fig.8 The scheme shows active and Late Paleozoic faults with the location of large earthquakes’ epicenters with a magnitude M ≥ 5. It also gives information about the analysis of the stress fields and tectonic deformations’ reconstructions results in the zones of active faults (Sankov et al., 1997; Ritz et al., 2003; Cunningham, 2007; Walker et al., 2007; Parfeevets and Sankov, 2010; Imaev et al., 2015; Imaeva et al., 2015). The numbers in the figure indicate the active faults: 1—Charysh-Terekta, 2—Kurai, 3—Shapshal, 4—Sayan-Tuva-Azas-Oka, 5—Tonuol-Tunka, 6—North Sayan, 7—Main Sayan, 8—Est Tonuol, 9—Predaltai, 10—North Khangai, 11—Gobi-Altai, 12—Fuyun, 13—Kuerty, 14—Irtish, 15—Northeast, 16—Chara, 17—Chigiz-Tarbagatay, 18—Barleike-Xiemislai, 19—Dalabute.

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