Research progress on landslides and dammed lakes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.4

Abstract

Abstract:

As ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River Basin become part of a national strategy, prevention and control of landslide disasters in this region has become the fundamental problem that needs to be resolved urgently. Large variation in terrain elevation has historically caused frequent earthquakes and heavy rainfalls, which resulted in a wide distribution of highly hazardous ancient landslides and landslide-dammed lakes. In recent years, this region has become a hotspot for studying the development and evolutionary mechanisms of landslides and the effect of landslide-dammed lake outbursts. In this contribution, we summed up seven major research progress in the region based on a comprehensive review of our own study results over the past 20 years, including landslide surveys and evaluations, test analysis reports, and disaster prevention and mitigation outcomes, combined with published studies by other researchers. The areas of progress include investigation and risk assessment of ancient landslides, temporo-spatial distribution of landslides and its controlling factors, duration and damage of typical ancient landslide-dammed lakes, utilization of ancient landslide deposits, and landslide disaster prevention and mitigation. We also identified four scientific problems that merit additional attention in future researches on the ancient landslides, dammed-lake deposits, river terraces, and effect of dammed lake outburst in the region. This contribution provides a valuable reference for revealing the primary controlling factors of landslide development and dammed lake formation during the geological history of the upper Yellow River, exploring the dynamic mechanisms of landslide development and landslide response to earthquakes and rain falls, and expanding the role of Quaternary geology in applied research on the evolution of ancient landslides.

Key words: landslides, dammed lakes, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, key triggering factor, upper reaches of the Yellow River

CLC Number:

P642.22
P597

YIN Zhiqiang, WEI Gang, QIN Xiaoguang, LI Wenjuan, ZHAO Wuji. Research progress on landslides and dammed lakes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 46-57.

Figures/Tables 10

References 52

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序号	样品编号	滑坡名称	滑坡年龄/a	测年方法	资料来源
1	SGT	参果滩滑坡	24 000±2 000	ESR	[2]
2	XZT-1	夏藏滩滑坡Ⅰ期	49 000±5 000	ESR	[11]
3	XZT-2	夏藏滩滑坡Ⅱ期	28 000±3 000	ESR	[11]
4	ASG-1	阿什贡滑坡Ⅰ期	16 040~15 765	¹⁴C	[26]
5	ASG-2	阿什贡滑坡Ⅱ期	4 490±30	¹⁴C	[29]
6	GZ	革匝滑坡	16 040~15 765	¹⁴C
7	SBX	松坝峡滑坡	4 030±30	¹⁴C
8	MRP-3	马尔坡滑坡	9 100±40	¹⁴C	[2]
9	CN	查纳滑坡	1 943		[2]
10		白刺滩滑坡	5 000	OSL	[4]
11		八大山滑坡	4 600±400	OSL	[3]
12		康杨滑坡前缘	33 200±2 500	OSL
13		蓆芨滩滑坡Ⅱ期	4 900±400	OSL
14		唐色村滑坡	32 900±2 400	OSL
15		察里岗滑坡	53 000±4 000	OSL
16		扎吉昂滑坡	4 572±29	¹⁴C
17		支乎且东滑坡	9 711±35	¹⁴C
18		孟达乡滑坡	3 700		[30]
19		马尔坡滑坡早期	500 000		[15]
20		马尔坡滑坡晚期	30 000		[15]
21		虎跳峡巨型滑坡	8 250±390		[16]
22		锁子滑坡	71 000±6 000		[6]
23		德恒隆滑坡	89 000±8 000		[6]
24		麦加滑坡	38 000±4 000		[7]

序号	样品编号	滑坡名称	滑坡年龄/a	测年方法	资料来源
1	SGT	参果滩滑坡	24 000±2 000	ESR	[2]
2	XZT-1	夏藏滩滑坡Ⅰ期	49 000±5 000	ESR	[11]
3	XZT-2	夏藏滩滑坡Ⅱ期	28 000±3 000	ESR	[11]
4	ASG-1	阿什贡滑坡Ⅰ期	16 040~15 765	¹⁴C	[26]
5	ASG-2	阿什贡滑坡Ⅱ期	4 490±30	¹⁴C	[29]
6	GZ	革匝滑坡	16 040~15 765	¹⁴C
7	SBX	松坝峡滑坡	4 030±30	¹⁴C
8	MRP-3	马尔坡滑坡	9 100±40	¹⁴C	[2]
9	CN	查纳滑坡	1 943		[2]
10		白刺滩滑坡	5 000	OSL	[4]
11		八大山滑坡	4 600±400	OSL	[3]
12		康杨滑坡前缘	33 200±2 500	OSL
13		蓆芨滩滑坡Ⅱ期	4 900±400	OSL
14		唐色村滑坡	32 900±2 400	OSL
15		察里岗滑坡	53 000±4 000	OSL
16		扎吉昂滑坡	4 572±29	¹⁴C
17		支乎且东滑坡	9 711±35	¹⁴C
18		孟达乡滑坡	3 700		[30]
19		马尔坡滑坡早期	500 000		[15]
20		马尔坡滑坡晚期	30 000		[15]
21		虎跳峡巨型滑坡	8 250±390		[16]
22		锁子滑坡	71 000±6 000		[6]
23		德恒隆滑坡	89 000±8 000		[6]
24		麦加滑坡	38 000±4 000		[7]

滑坡主控因素	滑坡类型	滑体形态和堆积体特征	力学变形模式	代表性滑坡
地震触发	以基岩滑坡为主,数量较多	滑体较松散,滑体抛掷效应明显,平面形态不规则,岩石块体(土石混合体)有滑动和滚动特征	构造控制,滑坡主要沿断裂带展布,且以断裂上盘分布数量居多	孟达滑坡、戈龙布滑坡、锁子滑坡、德恒隆滑坡、加仓滑坡、官亭北山滑坡等
降水诱发	黄土滑坡、泥岩滑坡、半固结成岩滑坡、堆积层滑坡	滑体表面表现褶皱,多级阶梯状,有明显的水流痕迹,往往能够转化为滑坡碎屑流,在较缓的地形上滑动更远的距离,表面形态较完整	降水诱发,与滑动面贯通、堆积体饱和程度密切相关	夏藏滩滑坡、夏琼寺滑坡、参果滩滑坡、康杨滑坡、烂泥滩滑坡、支乎具滑坡、阿什贡滑坡、山根滑坡等

滑坡主控因素	滑坡类型	滑体形态和堆积体特征	力学变形模式	代表性滑坡
地震触发	以基岩滑坡为主,数量较多	滑体较松散,滑体抛掷效应明显,平面形态不规则,岩石块体(土石混合体)有滑动和滚动特征	构造控制,滑坡主要沿断裂带展布,且以断裂上盘分布数量居多	孟达滑坡、戈龙布滑坡、锁子滑坡、德恒隆滑坡、加仓滑坡、官亭北山滑坡等
降水诱发	黄土滑坡、泥岩滑坡、半固结成岩滑坡、堆积层滑坡	滑体表面表现褶皱,多级阶梯状,有明显的水流痕迹,往往能够转化为滑坡碎屑流,在较缓的地形上滑动更远的距离,表面形态较完整	降水诱发,与滑动面贯通、堆积体饱和程度密切相关	夏藏滩滑坡、夏琼寺滑坡、参果滩滑坡、康杨滑坡、烂泥滩滑坡、支乎具滑坡、阿什贡滑坡、山根滑坡等